Attorney for Appellant
Paula M. Sauer
Danville, IN
Attorneys for Appellee
Steve Carter
Attorney General of Indiana
Cynthia L. Ploughe
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, IN
IN THE
INDIANA SUPREME COURT
JAMES DAVID JACO
Appellant (Defendant below),
v.
STATE OF INDIANA
Appellee (Plaintiff below).
)
) Supreme Court No.
) 32S05-0211-CR-612
)
) Court of Appeals No.
) 32A05-0104-CR-160
)
)
)
APPEAL FROM THE HENDRICKS SUPERIOR COURT
The Honorable Karen M. Love, Judge
Cause No. 32D03-9907-CF-81
ON PETITION TO TRANSFER
NOVEMBER 128, 2002
SULLIVAN, Justice.
Defendant James David Jaco seeks a declaration that in a prosecution
for child molesting committed by deviate sexual conduct, the trial court
must instruct the jury that the State is required to prove that the
defendant acted with the intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires. The
defendant in another case we decide today, D’Paffo v. State, - N.E.2d - ,
No. 28S04-0108-CR-377 (Ind. Nov. 12, 2002), makes the same claim. For the
reasons set forth in D’Paffo, we reject Jaco’s claim.
Background
James David Jaco was convicted of child molesting, a Class A felony
under Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a), for removing his twelve-year-old daughter’s
pants and “licking” her vagina for a “couple of minutes.” Jaco was
sentenced to thirty-two years in the Department of Correction. The trial
court gave the jury issued both preliminary and final instructions
regarding the necessary elements which that the State was required to prove
to convict Jaco. These preliminary instructions read:
The crime of child molesting, as charged in Count 1 of the information
is defined by statute, in relevant part, as follows: A person who,
with a child under fourteen (14) years of age, performs or submits to
deviate sexual conduct commits child molesting, a Class “B” felony.
However, the offense is a Class “A” felony if it is committed by a
person at least twenty-one (21) years of age.
To convict the defendant of child molesting as a Class “A” felony, as
charged, the State must prove each of the following elements beyond a
reasonable doubt:
1. The defendant, James David Jaco,
2. Being at least 21 years of age,
3. Did perform deviate sexual conduct,
4. With C. J., a child under the age of fourteen (14) years.
If the State fails to prove each of these elements beyond a reasonable
doubt, you should find the defendant not guilty of child molesting as
charged in Count 1.
If the State does prove each of these elements beyond a reasonable
doubt, you should find the defendant, James David Jaco guilty of child
molesting as charged in Count 1.
Jaco did not object to either instruction during his trial. But in this
appeal, he argues that Jaco argued “[in] failing to instruct the jury
regarding the mens rea element of the offense - with intent to arouse or
satisfy sexual desires of Jaco or the child – the trial court committed
fundamental error.” Jaco, 760 N.E.2d at 180;
In analyzing this claim, the Court of Appeals said:
Jaco was convicted of child molesting under Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a)
which relates to a person who "performs or submits to sexual
intercourse or deviate sexual conduct." Ind. Code § 35-42-4-3(a) does
not explicitly require an intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual
desires because such an intent is implicit in the use of the terms
"sexual intercourse" and "deviate sexual conduct." For example, if
an intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desire was not inherent in
the definition of deviate sexual conduct, medical examinations, such
as a colonoscopy or gynecological examination, would arguably fit
within the definition.
For this reason, On review, the Court of Appeals affirmed his conviction,
however concluded said that “while it would have been preferable to
delineate the mens rea of the crime,.” However, the court held that the
this error does did not rise to the level of fundamental error and affirmed
Jaco’s conviction and sentence.” Jaco v. State, 760 N.E.2d 176, 182 (Ind.
Ct. App. 2001). The thirty-two year aggravated sentence was affirmed. Id.
at 184.
Discussion
On petition to transfer, the Jaco asks this court to hold that it was
determine whether or not it is fundamental error for the trial court to
give an instruction on child molesting by deviate sexual conduct which
faileds to inform the jury that the defendant must act with the intent to
arouse or gratify the sexual desires of himself or the child.[1] It is
well established that a conviction of child molesting requires the state to
prove beyond a reasonable doubt criminal intent on the part of the
defendant. Louallen v. State, No. ------ (Ind. 2002); Snider v. State, 468
N.E.2d 1037, 1039 (Ind. 1984); Newton v. State, 456 N.E.2d 736, 745 n. 1
(Ind. Ct. App. 1983).
Today in the separate opinion of D’Paffo v. State, - N.E.2d - , No.
28S04-018-CR-377, (Ind. November 12, 2002), we held hold that the State is
not required to prove intent to arouse or satisfy sexual desires in order
to obtain a conviction of child molesting by committing deviate sexual
conduct.[2] As such, we disapprove the view of the Court of Appeals that
“an intent to arouse or satisfy the sexual desires ... is implicit in the
use of the terms ‘sexual intercourse’ and ‘deviate sexual conduct.’”
Therefore wWe hold instead that the trial court in the present case was
correct in not instructing did not err when it failed to advise the jury
that the State was required to prove that Jaco acted with the intent to
arouse or satisfy sexual desires. In doing so, we affirm the holding of
the Court of Appeals.
Conclusion
We grant transfer, thereby vacating the opinion of the Court of
Appeals pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 58(A) (except on those issues
described in footnote 1 supra with respect to which we summarily affirm),
and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
SHEPARD, C.J., and DICKSON, BOEHM, and RUCKER, JJ., concur.
-----------------------
[1] Jaco also contends that the trial court abused its discretion by
admitting a videotaped statement from the victim pursuant to Ind. Code § 35-
37-4-6 and that his sentence is manifestly unreasonable. The Court of
Appeals rejected both these claims. Jaco, 760 N.E.2d at 184. We summarily
affirm the Court of Appeals as to these issues pursuant to Ind. Appellate
Rule 58(A)(2).
[2] In D’Paffo, we specifically discuss the “medical examination” example
quoted above that was used by the Court of Appeals in this case and set
forth the procedure to be employed by the trial court when presented with
such a situation.
Jaco v. State of Indiana
Combined Opinion