P. v. Rodriguez CA2/4

Filed 3/18/13 P. v. Rodriguez CA2/4
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION FOUR

THE PEOPLE, B238002

Plaintiff and Respondent, (Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. BA380466)
v.

ANTONIO POBLANO RODRIGUEZ,

Defendant and Appellant.

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Rand S.
Rubin, Judge. Affirmed.
Christopher Love, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant Attorney
General, Lance E. Winters, Assistant Attorney General, James William Bilderback II and
Mark E. Weber, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
 Defendant Antonio Poblano Rodriguez appeals from the judgment entered
following his conviction by jury of making criminal threats with the use of a firearm and
exhibiting a firearm. (Pen. Code, §§ 422, 12022.5, subd. (a), 417, subd. (a)(2).)1 He
contends the trial court erred by allowing a witness to testify despite the prosecutor’s
failure to comply with the discovery statute and denying his requested instruction.
Defendant alleges the trial court’s errors denied him a fair trial in violation of the federal
and state Constitutions. We discern no error and affirm.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

I. The Prosecution Case
At approximately 11:00 a.m. on January 22, 2011, Desiderio Aguilar, a tow truck
driver, was dropping off a car at a body shop. He parked in an alley near the shop
entrance and entered the shop to transact his business. He gave an invoice to one of the
shop employees, Lizeth Estrada. According to Estrada, Aguilar appeared happy. Aguilar
left the office and while returning to the tow truck, he saw defendant speaking to another
shop employee. Defendant was asking where the “fucking driver” of the tow truck was.
Aguilar told defendant it was his truck, apologized, and said he was leaving.
Aguilar continued toward the truck. Defendant was complaining that tow truck
drivers were always blocking his driveway. Aguilar apologized and told defendant he
needed to be more polite, as he was not treating Aguilar with respect. Defendant, who
was yelling at Aguilar, cursed and said he was not the one who needed to be polite
because it was Aguilar’s fault for parking his tow truck in front of defendant’s garage.
Aguilar continued to apologize, stating he did not know what else to say. Defendant
threatened to shoot Aguilar. When Aguilar asked whether he was really going to shoot,
defendant repeated his threat.

1
All further statutory references are to the Penal Code.

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 Defendant walked into his garage. Through the open door, Aguilar saw defendant
retrieve a black semiautomatic handgun and pull the slide back to load a round in the
chamber. Aguilar noticed there was a person in the window of the apartment adjacent to
the alley, who appeared to be watching. Aguilar had not seen the person before and was
not sure if he would recognize him. Defendant came out of the garage with the gun and
again threatened to shoot Aguilar. Aguilar told defendant to shoot if he was going to
because Aguilar was calling the police. Defendant told him to do so because the police
were not going to believe the word of a wetback.
Aguilar tried to call 911 on his cell phone, but was unsuccessful. Defendant told
him to move the truck. Aguilar responded that he was not going to do anything until the
police arrived. Defendant said he was going to hit Aguilar and approached. He no longer
had the gun. Aguilar went into the body shop.
Aguilar asked Estrada for the number to the sheriff’s department. Aguilar
appeared scared and was shaking. He told Estrada that the neighbor in front of the body
shop had pulled a gun on him and he called the sheriff’s department. Estrada knew
Aguilar was speaking about defendant.
When Aguilar and a shop employee went back into the alley, defendant and the
car Aguilar had seen in defendant’s garage were gone. When deputies arrived, Aguilar
told them what had happened during his encounter with defendant.
About an hour later, as deputies were wrapping up their investigation in the alley,
defendant and another person arrived in defendant’s car. Aguilar identified defendant as
the person who threatened him with the gun and told police he wanted to press charges.
Aguilar denied having any weapons or threatening defendant while they were in the alley.
Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Deputy Vincent Cisneros and his partner responded
to Aguilar’s call. When Cisneros arrived, defendant was being detained by other
deputies. Cisneros spoke with Aguilar, who was trembling and appeared as if he wanted
to cry. After Aguilar told the deputy he had seen the gun in defendant’s garage, Cisneros
asked defendant whether he could search the garage for the weapon. Defendant signed a
consent form and told Cisneros where the gun was located. The deputy went into the

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garage and recovered the firearm, which had rounds in the magazine and one in the
chamber. According to Cisneros, when the slide of the gun is pulled back, a bullet moves
from the magazine into the chamber. Aguilar told Cisneros that when defendant retrieved
the gun from the garage, he put a round in the chamber. Cisneros searched Aguilar’s tow
truck and found no weapons.
The jury heard a recording of Aguilar’s call to the sheriff’s department.

II. The Defense Case
On January 22, 2011, as defendant was preparing to go to work, he noticed a tow
truck and a pickup were blocking the entrance to his garage. He went to the doorway of
the body shop and asked one of the employees who owned the “damn tow truck.” The
employee pointed inside the shop and defendant said he needed the truck moved. A few
seconds later, Aguilar emerged from the shop and defendant told him he needed the truck
moved because he had to go to work. Aguilar responded, “Relax, old man, relax.” It
appeared that Aguilar was going to move the truck, but he turned and walked back into
the shop. Defendant told him to move the “fucking truck.”
Five minutes passed and Aguilar came out of the shop. Defendant again told him
to move his “fucking truck.” Aguilar responded that defendant could not speak to him
that way. After defendant replied he could speak to him any way he wanted, Aguilar got
in defendant’s face and said he would move the truck when he was finished with his
business. Aguilar then stated he was going to call the police. Defendant called him a
stupid, ignorant wetback for believing the police would allow Aguilar to park his tow
truck in front of defendant’s garage.
Aguilar became angry. He went into the cab of the tow truck and jumped out with
a tire iron in his hand. Defendant backed up into his garage. Aguilar advanced, telling
defendant he was not so tough. Defendant got a gun he kept in the drawer of a work
bench and cocked it. With the barrel of the gun pointed toward the ground, he told
Aguilar to back off. Aguilar asked defendant whether he was going to shoot him and
defendant said, “No, dumb ass, back off.” As Aguilar backed away, he called defendant

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a “fucking coward.” Defendant put the gun in the drawer. Someone from the shop
moved the pickup away from the garage door. Defendant got into his car and drove
away.
Defendant did not call the police because on prior occasions they took too long to
respond. When he returned home with a friend, deputies took him out of the car at
gunpoint. He was handcuffed and placed in a patrol car. Defendant told the deputies
about the dispute he had with Aguilar, explaining that he got the gun after Aguilar
approached him with a tire iron. Defendant directed the deputies to the gun in the garage.

III. The Prosecution Case on Rebuttal
Leonel Cervantez lives in an apartment near the alley where the body shop is
located. On January 22, 2011, he heard arguing and looked out his window. Defendant
was telling a man to move a car. The man told defendant to give him a minute and he
would move the car. Cervantez then heard the man say, “Don’t point that gun at me or
I’m going to call the police.” Cervantez could see the man was standing by a tow truck
and did not move during the argument. Defendant was in the garage. Cervantez saw that
the tow truck driver had a cell phone in his hand.
The first time anyone from the police or the district attorney’s office spoke to him
about the incident was at 6:30 a.m. on the previous Friday. (Cervantes testified on a
Tuesday.) The prosecutor, a district attorney investigator, and the tow truck driver
appeared at his door. On the day of the incident, Cervantes gave the tow truck driver his
name and contact information.

DISCUSSION

Defendant claims the court erred by allowing Cervantez to testify. He argues the
prosecution violated the discovery statute by failing to provide his counsel with
Cervantez’s name and a report containing his statement. At this juncture, it is essential to
set forth the sequence of events that led to Cervantez’s testimony at trial.

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 Aguilar began testifying on the morning of August 10, 2011. During his
testimony on direct examination, Aguilar referred to a witness who saw the argument and
tried to signal to Aguilar. The attorneys asked to approach the bench. Defendant’s
counsel informed the court that she had no discovery pertaining to this witness, to which
the prosecutor replied, “Me[,] either.” The prosecutor explained that she did not know
whether Aguilar had talked to this person or if the person yelled something from the
window. The court invited counsel to interview Aguilar with respect to the witness and
took a recess.
After the recess, the court conducted a hearing out of the presence of the jury,
during which Aguilar testified to what the man in the window said. Aguilar stated that
after defendant started yelling and went into his garage, the man signaled to Aguilar that
he was going to call the police. Later, when defendant emerged from the garage with the
gun, the man shouted that he was going to call the police.
The court then stated, “Let me just ask, it’s obvious that we don’t have the
neighbor[,] right?” The prosecutor answered, “Correct. I don’t even know who he is.”
The attorneys argued whether the neighbor’s statements were admissible. Defendant’s
counsel, in discussing the call Aguilar made to the sheriff’s department, acknowledged
that Aguilar referred to a neighbor. The court deferred ruling on the admissibility of the
neighbor’s statements and declared a recess.
When the attorneys returned to court, the prosecutor said that she and defendant’s
counsel interviewed Aguilar, who informed them that he had given the “name and
information” of the witness to one of the responding deputies. That information did not
get recorded in the police report. The court denied the prosecutor’s request to admit the
witness’s statements to Aguilar during the incident.
Two days later, on August 12, the prosecutor informed the court and defense
counsel that at 6:30 that morning, she and a district attorney investigator located the
neighbor witness, Cervantez. The prosecutor stated: “I did speak with him. He indicated
that he heard yelling. He could see the victim standing in the alley. He told the victim to
call the police. He saw that the victim had a cellphone in his hand and the victim was

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yelling, don’t shoot me. He could not see the defendant at the time because the defendant
was in the garage. And, from his perspective, I did take a picture from his apartment and
the view that he showed me that he had, that you could not see inside the garage but you
can see directly across the alleyway to where the victim was standing.”
The court asked whether Cervantez could offer testimony as to whether Aguilar
ever had a tire iron or a crowbar. The prosecutor replied, “I asked him that, if the victim
had — when I asked him, I said, did the victim have anything in his hand, and he said
only a cellphone.”
Defendant’s attorney objected to Cervantez’s proposed testimony, alleging she had
been provided no discovery. She conceded that his name was mentioned during
Aguilar’s call to the sheriff’s department, but the transcript of the call was “very, very
confusing.” She argued that she had prepared the defense based on the witnesses who
had been disclosed and defendant would be prejudiced if Cervantez was allowed to
testify.
The court stated that it was inclined to allow Cervantez to testify in rebuttal,
noting that the prosecutor had complied with discovery rules with respect to rebuttal
witnesses. It indicated that if defendant testified Aguilar brandished a tire iron during
their confrontation, Cervantez’s testimony would be relevant. Despite the prosecutor’s
claim that she had no way of knowing prior to trial that Cervantez was a witness, the
court ruled it would not allow him to be called during the prosecutor’s case-in-chief.
On August 16, just prior to his being called as a witness, defense counsel objected
to Cervantez’s testimony on the grounds that she had not been provided with his rap sheet
or a written witness statement. The prosecutor said she had prepared a statement the
night before and presented counsel with a written statement and Cervantez’s rap sheet.
Although the prosecutor wanted to elicit Cervantez’s testimony with respect to prior
contacts he had had with defendant, the court determined that it would allow Cervantez to
testify only about the incident in the alley.
Defendant urges the “prosecutor violated her statutory duty of disclosure in two
ways. First, she failed to disclose the name and address of a witness, 30 days prior to

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trial. . . . [¶] . . . [¶] Second, the prosecutor violated her ongoing duty of disclosure
because she had obtained Cervantez’s oral statement as of 6:30 a.m. on Friday,
August 12, 2011. [Record citation.] However, the prosecutor did not disclose the content
of the oral statement to defense counsel until four days later.” He is incorrect on both
counts.
Defendant argues the “prosecutor’s office had known of the witness in the upstairs
window for six months prior to trial,” as Aguilar had referred to the witness during his
preliminary hearing testimony. Section 1054.1 sets forth a prosecutor’s obligation to
disclose certain materials and information to the defense. He or she is required to
disclose “[t]he names and addresses of persons the prosecutor intends to call as witnesses
at trial.” (§ 1054.1, subd. (a), italics added.) It is clear from the record that the trial
prosecutor discovered Cervantez was a potential witness during Aguilar’s testimony
before the jury and defendant does not contend otherwise. At the earliest, the prosecutor
formed the intent to call Cervantez after she and defense counsel interviewed Aguilar
during a recess. After the interview, both counsel knew Cervantez was a witness to the
argument in the alley and possessed information regarding how to contact him. The
prosecutor took the initiative to locate and interview Cervantez. Defendant’s attorney
had the same opportunity to do so and chose not to. The prosecutor fulfilled her
obligation to notify the defense that Cervantez was a possible witness at the earliest
opportunity. Put simply, this is not a case where the prosecutor withheld information
regarding a witness she knew she would call at trial.
Defendant suggests the prosecutor was derelict by failing to produce a written
report of her interview with Cervantez until four days after it had taken place. His
complaint that he was blindsided by Cervantez’s testimony is belied by the record. He
ignores the fact that on the morning the prosecutor interviewed Cervantez, on the record,
she informed the trial judge and defense counsel of his statements. At this point, there
was no written report to produce. The prosecutor delivered a written report on the
morning Cervantez testified. Any delay in providing that report was harmless because
Cervantez was allowed to testify only to those observations that had been disclosed to the

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defense in open court. Nothing prevented defense counsel from speaking to Cervantez in
the four-day interval between his initial interview with the prosecutor and his trial
testimony.
Defendant also faults the trial court for failing to advise the jury of the
prosecutor’s untimely disclosure of a witness. As we have concluded that the prosecutor
complied with the discovery statute, the court’s refusal to give the requested instruction
was proper.2
There was no impropriety in the proceedings. Defendant’s constitutional right to a
fair trial was not infringed.

DISPOSITION

The judgment is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

SUZUKAWA, J.

We concur:

EPSTEIN, P. J.

WILLHITE, J.

2
Defendant asserts the court concluded that the prosecutor could have found the
witness sooner. Assuming the court’s assumption was correct, a prosecutor is obligated
to provide information regarding a witness of whom he or she is aware only when a
determination has been made to call that witness at trial. That obligation was fulfilled
here.

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