Filed 3/22/13 In re Jesus G. CA2/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
In re JESUS G. et al., Persons Coming B243216
Under the Juvenile Court Law.
(Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. CK82120)
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND
FAMILY SERVICES,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
JESUS G. et al.,
Appellants.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County,
Debra Losnick, Referee. Reversed.
Cristina Gabrielidis, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Appellants.
John F. Krattli, County Counsel, James M. Owens, Assistant County Counsel and
Sarah Vesecky, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
_____________________
INTRODUCTION
Appellants Jesus G., Jr. (Jesus) and Enrique G. (Enrique) contend that there was
no substantial evidence supporting the juvenile court‟s jurisdictional findings that they
were children who fell within the description of Welfare and Institutions Code section
300, subdivision (b).1 We agree.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
1. The G. Family
Jesus and Enrique were born in May 1997 and March 2001, respectively. They
are the sons of Jesus G., Sr. (father) and Marisol G. (mother), who married in
approximately 1994. Mother and father also have a daughter, Maria, who was born in
July 1995.
2. Father’s Previous Sexual and Physical Abuse of Maria
On August 9, 2010, in an earlier case, the juvenile court sustained the dependency
petition of respondent Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services
(the Department) with respect to Maria, Jesus and Enrique. The petition alleged that in
2005, when Maria was nine years old, father sexually abused her. Father allegedly
fondled Maria‟s vagina after making her sit on his lap and removing her pants. He also
allegedly removed the belt of his pants and exposed his penis. The petition further
alleged that father physically abused Maria by grabbing, choking and pushing her. For
purposes of this appeal, Jesus and Enrique do not dispute that the allegations in the
previous petition were true.
On September 12, 2011, the juvenile court terminated its jurisdiction over Jesus
and Enrique. In so doing, the court issued a “family law order” granting mother sole
1
All future statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code.
2
custody over the two boys.2 Father was granted rights to monitored visitation. Mother,
however, was precluded from serving as the monitor. Nothing in the record indicates that
the juvenile court terminated its jurisdiction over Maria.
3. Father Violates the Family Law Order
On February 21, 2012, the Department received a referral from an anonymous
source claiming that mother had allowed father to visit her home in violation of the
family law order. A Department social worker made two unannounced visits to mother‟s
home but did not find father there. Mother, Jesus and Enrique denied father was living
there or had been there. The social worker, however, found evidence of father‟s
presence, including adult male clothing in mother‟s bedroom. Further, Maria claimed
that father had been living in the home since December 2011.
On February 29, 2012, Maria secretly recorded a conversation she had with
mother and her two brothers. The recording indicated that father had been in the home in
violation of the family law order, and that mother, Jesus and Enrique had lied to the
Department social worker regarding the matter. Maria presented this recording to the
Department on March 9, 2012.
4. The Juvenile Dependency Petition
On March 14, 2012, the Department filed an original section 300 juvenile
dependency petition alleging that the juvenile court had jurisdiction over Jesus and
Enrique pursuant to section 300, subdivision (b).3 The petition alleged that by allowing
2
A copy of the order is not in the record. The record also does not indicate the
court‟s statutory authority for the order. Presumably the order was issued under section
362.4. (See In re Ryan K. (2012) 207 Cal.App.4th 591, 594, fn. 5 [“Custody and
visitation orders issued under section 362.4 are sometimes referred to as „family law‟
orders or „exit‟ orders”].)
3
The petition also alleged that the court had jurisdiction over the boys pursuant to
section 300, subdivision (j). This allegation, however, was subsequently dismissed by the
court. The Department also filed a section 342 subsequent petition alleging additional
grounds for the court to assert jurisdiction over Maria. Because Maria is not a party to
this appeal, we shall not discuss the section 342 petition.
3
father to visit Jesus and Enrique in violation of the family law order, mother failed to
protect the children, thereby endangering their “physical health and safety” and placing
them “at risk of physical harm, damage, [and] danger.”
On the same day the Department filed the petition, the juvenile court found that
there was a prima facie case for detaining Jesus and Enrique. Both boys were placed in
foster care.4 Mother and father were granted monitored visitation.
5. Jesus and Enrique Are Returned to Mother’s Custody
Jesus and Enrique were very unhappy about being placed in foster care. Both
boys wanted to live with mother and, if possible, father too. On May 24, 2012, the
juvenile court ordered the boys to be returned to mother‟s custody. A Department report
dated June 19, 2012, stated that Jesus and Enrique “are emotionally stable and are
thriving under the care and supervision of their mother.”
6. July 20, 2012, Hearing and Order
The juvenile court held a jurisdictional and dispositional hearing on July 20, 2012.
At the hearing, counsel for Jesus and Enrique argued that a “technical” violation of the
family law order was not sufficient for the juvenile court to assert jurisdiction over the
boys. The juvenile court disagreed. In its order dated July 20, 2012, the court sustained
the section 300, subdivision (b) allegation in the petition, declared Jesus and Enrique
dependent children of the court, and ordered the Department to provide family
maintenance services to mother and family reunification services to father. The court
also permitted father to have monitored visits with Jesus and Enrique. Finally, the order
provided that mother may monitor father‟s contacts with Jesus and Enrique only outside
of the family home.
4
Maria was placed in a different foster home. She ran away from the foster home
and lived without adult supervision for almost three months. Maria is currently about 17
and 3/4 years old.
4
Jesus and Enrique filed a timely notice of appeal of the July 20, 2012, order. 5
7. Juvenile Court Order After the Appeal Was Taken
We grant the Department‟s request for judicial notice of the November 7, 2012,
order of the juvenile court. Under the order, father was permitted to have unmonitored
visits with Jesus and Enrique in public places.
CONTENTIONS
Jesus and Enrique argue that there was no substantial evidence to support the
juvenile court‟s findings that they were children who fell within the description of section
300, subdivision (b). They also initially argued that there was insufficient evidence to
support the juvenile court‟s restriction that all of father‟s visits be monitored. In light of
the November 7, 2012, order, however, Jesus and Enrique agree that the visitation issue is
moot.
DISCUSSION
We review the juvenile court‟s jurisdictional findings under the substantial
evidence test. (In re Maria R. (2010) 185 Cal.App.4th 48, 57.) “The term „substantial
evidence‟ means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind would accept as adequate
to support a conclusion; it is evidence which is reasonable in nature, credible, and of solid
value.” (In re J.K. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 1426, 1433.) In determining whether there is
substantial evidence, “we draw all reasonable inferences from the evidence to support the
findings and orders of the dependency court; we review the record in the light most
favorable to the court‟s determinations; and we note that issues of fact and credibility are
the province of the trial court.” (In re Heather A. (1996) 52 Cal.App.4th 183, 193.)
Under section 300, subdivision (b), the juvenile court can take jurisdiction over a
child if the child “has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the child will suffer,
5
The notice of appeal stated that the boys were appealing the “July 20, 2012
declaration of dependency with monitored visits for father.” The Department filed a
motion to dismiss the appeal on the ground that Jesus and Enrique did not appeal the
juvenile court‟s “jurisdictional” findings, but instead appealed from the court‟s
“declaration of dependency.” We denied the motion.
5
serious physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure or inability of his or her parent
or guardian to adequately supervise or protect the child, or . . . by the willful or negligent
failure of the parent or guardian to provide the child with adequate food, clothing, shelter,
or medical treatment, or by the ability of the parent or guardian to provide regular care
for the child due to the parent‟s or guardian‟s mental illness, developmental disability, or
substance abuse.”
There are three elements to section 300, subdivision (b) jurisdiction:
“(1) neglectful conduct by the parent of one of the specified forms; (2) causation; and
(3) „serious physical harm or illness‟ to the child, or a „substantial risk‟ of such harm or
illness.” (In re Ricardo L. (2003) 109 Cal.App.4th 552, 567; accord In re Savannah M.
(2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 1387, 1396.) The juvenile court must determine whether each of
these elements are satisfied at the time of the jurisdictional hearing, though past conduct
can be probative of current conditions. (In re Janet T. (2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 377, 388.)
In this case, there is no evidence that mother failed to provide Jesus and Enrique
with adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical treatment, or with regular care. There is
also no evidence that Jesus and Enrique have ever suffered serious physical harm or
illness as a result of any act or omission of mother or father, or that the boys were
physically or sexually abused by anyone at anytime. Rather, the alleged “neglectful
conduct” of mother toward Jesus and Enrique was to violate the family law order by
allowing father to visit or live with them without a court-approved monitor. For purposes
of this appeal, we must accept as true Maria‟s statements that father lived with mother,
Jesus, Enrique and Maria from December 2011 to mid-March of 2012, in violation of the
family law order.
We are faced with the following issue: When the juvenile court conducted the
jurisdictional hearing on July 20, 2012, was there a substantial risk that Jesus and Enrique
would suffer serious physical harm or illness in light of mother‟s violation of the family
law order from December 2011 to mid-March 2012? We conclude there was insufficient
evidence of such risk.
6
The Department argues that evidence of father‟s past physical and sexual abuse of
Maria constituted substantial evidence that there was a substantial risk that Jesus and
Enrique would also be physically or sexually abused. Apparently in the previous case the
juvenile court asserted jurisdiction over Jesus and Enrique based on mother‟s failure to
protect Maria from father‟s abuse. 6 The juvenile court, however, subsequently
terminated jurisdiction over the boys. Thus the Department‟s new petition could not be,
and was not, based on mother‟s previous failure to protect Maria from physical or sexual
abuse. Instead, it was based on mother‟s violation of the family law order. Mother‟s
violation of the order was not, however, by itself sufficient evidence that Jesus and
Enrique were at substantial risk of harm. (See In re Ricardo L., supra, 109 Cal.App.4th
at pp. 568-569.)
The Department contends that Jesus and Enrique are collaterally estopped from
challenging the jurvenile court‟s finding that father‟s abuse of Maria puts them at
substantial risk of harm. We disagree.
An essential element of collateral estoppel is that the issue decided in the previous
suit is “identical” to the issue sought to be relitigated. (In re Joshua J. (1995)
39 Cal.App.4th 984, 993.) Although we do not have the record in the previous
proceeding before us, it appears the issue was whether at the time of jurisdictional
hearing in 2010, father‟s abuse of Maria put Jesus and Enrique at risk of harm. The issue
here is whether in July 2012 mother‟s violation of the family law order placed the boys in
danger. These issues are not identical. The juvenile court therefore was not collaterally
estopped from finding that it had no jurisdiction over Jesus and Enrique pursuant to
section 300, subdivision (b).
6
This court has held that a parent‟s sexual abuse of a daughter can, under certain
circumstances, constitute substantial evidence that the parent‟s son is at risk of harm.
(In re P.A. (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 1339, 1347; accord In re Andy G. (2010)
183 Cal.App.4th 1405, 1414; but see In re Maria R., supra, 185 Cal.App.4th at
p 68 [Declining to follow In re P.A. and In re Andy G.].) The issue is before our
Supreme Court in In re I.J. (2012) 147 Cal.Rptr.3d 325.
7
DISPOSITION
The order dated July 20, 2012, is reversed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
KITCHING, J.
We concur:
KLEIN, P. J.
ALDRICH, J.
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