NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted April 15, 2013*
Decided April 15, 2013
Before
JOEL M. FLAUM, Circuit Judge
ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge
JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge
No. 12‐3054
JESSE C. PHILLIPS, Appeal from the United States District
Plaintiff‐Appellant, Court for the Southern District of Illinois.
v. No. 11‐877‐GPM
WEXFORD HEALTH SOURCES, INC., G. Patrick Murphy,
et al., Judge.
Defendants‐Appellees.
O R D E R
Jesse Phillips, an inmate at the Lawrence Correctional Center in Illinois, appeals from
the dismissal of his civil‐rights suit at screening. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. He principally
contends that he received medication without warning of possible adverse effects. Taking
his factual allegations as true for purposes of this appeal, Arnett v. Webster, 658 F.3d 742, 751
(7th Cir. 2011), we conclude that he does not state a constitutional claim because he has not
*
The defendants were not served with process in the district court and are not
participating in this appeal. After examining the appellantʹs brief and the record, we have
concluded that the case is appropriate for summary disposition. See FED. R. APP. P.
34(a)(2)(C).
No. 12‐3054 Page 2
alleged that the unwarned risks were substantial. Accordingly we affirm the judgment of
the district court.
Phillips sought and received prompt treatment for an ear infection. Dr. James
Fenoglio, the prison’s medical director, prescribed an antibiotic, Bactrim, but he allegedly
did not verbally caution Phillips about the potential risks of the drug. Likewise, the
medication’s packaging contained no written warnings. An email from the Health Care Unit
Administrator, Philip Martin, explains that the Office of Health Services does not give
prisoners written lists of the potential side effects to their medication because “they will
grieve every side effect and try to bring suits.” Martin also asserts that offenders receive
verbal warnings from staff and usually research their medications on their own in the
library.
One week after Phillips began taking Bactrim, he saw a nurse practitioner because he
was experiencing fatigue (he needed two more hours of sleep), decreased urination (only
three times daily), and stomach cramps on his right side—symptoms that he believed
resulted from Bactrim. Although the nurse treated him, Phillips submitted a grievance
complaining that the prison failed to warn him about the possibility that he might
experience these side effects. The grievance officer, Pamela Moran, denied the grievance.
Based on the asserted practice that when issuing medication the medical staff verbally warn
inmates about potential side effects, she concluded that Phillips received verbal warnings.
Invoking 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Phillips sued Dr. Fenoglio, his employer (Wexford Health
Services), Moran, Martin, the acting director of the Illinois Department of Corrections, and
his prison warden. He alleges three claims. First, Phillips contends that the defendants were
deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs, in violation of the Eighth Amendment,
by failing to disclose that his medication might cause any of thirty‐two side effects that he
cites in his complaint, including the three that he experienced. Second, Phillips alleges that
Moran retaliated against him for exercising his First Amendment right to grieve injuries
because she falsely stated in her response to his grievance that he received verbal warnings.
Third, he alleges that by agreeing to withhold written warnings of side effects, the
defendants conspired to deny him property without due process and access to the courts by
deterring lawsuits and the recovery of damages for claims of deliberate indifference or
malpractice.
The district court dismissed the complaint for failure to state a claim. It first
concluded that Phillips failed to allege adequately an Eighth Amendment claim because he
acknowledges in his complaint that he was treated for his adverse reaction to Bactrim.
Moreover, “his desire for greater pharmacological information is not a serious medical need
or a medical condition at all.” Next, the court reasoned that Phillips did not state a plausible
No. 12‐3054 Page 3
First Amendment claim because his allegation that Moran denied his grievance in
retaliation for submitting it is circular. Finally, the court concluded that Phillips did not
state a claim for being denied access to the courts because Phillips did not allege a
nonfrivolous underlying claim that he was blocked from pursuing and he did not have a
protected property interest in recovering damages in a suit that he never filed.
On appeal we review these three claims de novo. McGowan v. Hulick, 612 F.3d 636,
640 (7th Cir. 2010). We begin with his Eighth Amendment claim. Phillips asserts that
because he suffered from an ear infection, he has alleged a serious medical condition and
therefore states a claim for deliberate indifference. But he agrees that he received prompt
treatment for his ear infection—the Bactrim antibiotic. Consequently he cannot claim that
the defendants were deliberately indifferent to the infection. See Pinkston v. Madry, 440 F.3d
879, 891 (7th Cir. 2006); Gutierrez v. Peters, 111 F.3d 1364, 1374 (7th Cir. 1997).
His related, and more substantial, contention is that the defendants were deliberately
indifferent to his serious medical needs because they failed to warn him about possible side
effects to Bactrim, and as a result he suffered three of them: fatigue, decreased urination,
and stomach cramps. Some circuits have held that “[p]risoners have a right to such
information as is reasonably necessary to make an informed decision to accept or reject
proposed treatment” White v. Napolean, 897 F.2d 103, 113 (3d Cir. 1990); see also Pabon v.
Wright, 459 F.3d 241, 250 (2d Cir. 2006) (same). But “a doctor should not be required to
provide each prisoner‐patient with an exhaustive list of all the possible adverse effects of
each aspect of his treatment. Instead, a doctor simply must provide a prisoner with such
information as a reasonable patient would find necessary.” Pabon, 459 F.3d at 250.
Otherwise, “after receiving appropriate treatment that proved to have unpleasant side
effects, a prisoner might claim that he had not received sufficient information to allow him
to decide whether to refuse that treatment.” Id. Although we have not had occasion to
comment on this precise standard, we have adopted a general rule that is consistent with
these circuits: The Eighth Amendment protects inmates from deliberate indifference to
substantial risks of serious damage to their health. See Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 35
(1993); Roe v. Elyea, 631 F.3d 843, 858 (7th Cir. 2012); Board v. Farnham, 394 F.3d 469, 479 (7th
Cir. 2005).
Under these principles, viewed through the lens of the plausibility standard set forth
in Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 556–57, 570 (2007) and Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 678–79 (2009), the complaint is deficient. Phillips alleged only that without
warning he experienced side effects—three among thirty‐two possible ones that he listed in
his complaint. But he has not alleged that the risks of developing them were substantial, or
substantial enough that a reasonable patient would expect to be apprised of them. Even if
we assume that fatigue, decreased urination, and cramps are serious conditions, Phillips
No. 12‐3054 Page 4
needed to allege “that the defendants knew of a substantial risk of [those] harm[s] to the
inmate and disregarded the risk.” Greeno v. Daley, 414 F.3d 645, 653 (7th Cir. 2005)
(emphasis added); see Gomez v. Randle, 680 F.3d 859, 865–66 (7th Cir. 2012); Roe v. Elyea, 631
F.3d 843, 857 (7th Cir. 2011); Walker v. Benjamin, 293 F.3d 1030, 1037 (7th Cir. 2002). Without
an allegation that the risks of these side effects were significant, let alone that the defendants
knew them to be significant, his deliberate‐indifference claim fails.
Next, Phillips renews his claim of retaliation under the First Amendment. He
contends that Moran, the grievance officer, retaliated against him for filing his grievance by
denying it for the false reason, reflected in Martin’s email to her, that Phillips received
verbal warnings. But even if Martin lied to Moran by falsely stating to her that Phillips
received verbal advice of his medication’s risks, Moran simply relied on information that
she obtained during her investigation of the grievance. We do not hold grievance officers
liable for doing their job of investigating and resolving grievances. See Burks v. Raemisch, 555
F.3d 592, 595–96 (7th Cir. 2009).
Finally, Phillips maintains that the prison’s policy of denying prisoners written
warnings of side effects denies him access to the courts to pursue a claim for deliberate
indifference under § 1983 or for negligence under state law. To state an access‐to‐courts
claim, Phillips must allege a nonfrivolous, underlying claim that the defendants obstructed
him from pursuing. See Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 415 (2002). But he has not
identified a claim that he cannot pursue because of the alleged no‐warning policy. Phillips
similarly contends that the defendants’ policy deprives him property—recovering damages
in future lawsuits—without due process. But again because Phillips has not specified a legal
claim that the defendants have extinguished, they have not deprived him of property. See
Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co., 455 U.S. 422, 431 (1982) (holding that a property interest
requires “more than an abstract desire or interest in redressing” grievances).
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.