United States v. Sabino Hernandez-Cruz

Case: 12-10424 Date Filed: 04/19/2013 Page: 1 of 8

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 12-10424
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D.C. Docket No. 1:11-cr-00425-JOF-AJB-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

versus

SABINO HERNANDEZ-CRUZ,
a.k.a. Sabino Hernandez,
a.k.a. Omar Cruz-Rodriguez,

Defendant - Appellant.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
________________________

(April 19, 2013)
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Before PRYOR, JORDAN, and KLEINFELD, ∗ Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

This appeal requires that we determine whether the district court abused its

discretion when it sentenced Sabino Hernandez-Cruz to 46 months of

imprisonment for illegally reentering the United States. Hernandez-Cruz pleaded

guilty to that offense after he was previously deported following his conviction for

an aggravated felony, 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a), (b)(2). Hernandez-Cruz argues that his

sentence is both procedurally and substantively unreasonable in the light of the

factors that a district court must consider when it imposes a sentence. See 18

U.S.C. § 3553(a). Because the district court did not abuse its discretion when it

sentenced Hernandez-Cruz at the low end of the guidelines range, we affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Hernandez-Cruz is a citizen of Mexico. He first illegally entered the United

States at the age of 18 or 19 to seek employment. While at a card game in 1998,

Hernandez-Cruz shot an individual he alleges attacked him with a knife.

Hernandez-Cruz was arrested and charged with attempted murder. He pleaded

guilty and received an 11-year prison sentence. After he completed his term of

imprisonment, Hernandez-Cruz was deported in 2007, but he returned to the United

States in 2008. After his return, Hernandez-Cruz met Tania Perez, with whom he

∗
Honorable Andrew J. Kleinfeld, United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, sitting by
designation.
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has had three children. Hernandez-Cruz considers Perez his common-law wife.

Hernandez-Cruz also has fathered two other children with another woman.

In July 2011, Hernandez-Cruz choked a taxi driver before he left the taxi

without paying his fare. He was arrested and charged with battery and theft of

services. He pleaded guilty to the charges, although he now alleges that he pleaded

guilty only to expedite his deportation.

In 2011, a federal grand jury indicted Hernandez-Cruz for illegally returning

to the United States. 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a), (b)(2). He pleaded guilty without the

benefit of a plea agreement. Although he refused to be interviewed by

Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Hernandez-Cruz told the district court that

he illegally returned to the United States to provide for his family, including his

parents, wife, and children. He also promised that he would not return to the

United States after his removal.

Hernandez-Cruz’s presentence investigation report assigned to him a base

offense level of eight for the offense of illegal reentry by a previously deported

alien, see United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual § 2L1.2(a) (Nov. 2011),

and added 16 levels because of his prior conviction for a felony crime of violence,

see id. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii). The report subtracted three levels because of his

acceptance of responsibility for his actions, see id. § 3E1.1, which provided a total

offense level of 21. The report assigned four criminal history points based on his

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convictions for attempted murder, battery, and theft of services. The report

provided a guideline range of 46 to 57 months of imprisonment. Hernandez-Cruz

faced a statutory maximum penalty of 20 years of imprisonment. See 8 U.S.C. §

1326(b)(2).

Although he did not object to the calculation of his guideline range,

Hernandez-Cruz requested a prison sentence of 24 months. He sought a downward

variance from the guidelines range because his motivation for illegally reentering

the United States was to support his family. He argued that two years away from

his wife and children would be “significant punishment.” He argued that he shot

the individual at the card game only in self-defense, and he argued that he pleaded

guilty to battery and theft of services only to expedite his deportation.

The United States requested that the district court sentence Hernandez-Cruz

to imprisonment for 57 months. The government argued that Hernandez-Cruz

exhibited a disregard for the laws of the United States when he illegally reentered

the country within a year of his initial deportation. The government argued that his

conviction for attempted murder with a firearm displayed his lack of respect for

both the law and the safety of others. The government responded to the argument

that the conviction for attempted murder was an “aberration” by explaining that,

only a few years after he illegally reentered the United States, Hernandez-Cruz

pleaded guilty to another violent crime. Because Hernandez-Cruz has family in the

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United States and admitted that his reason for returning to the United States was to

provide for them, the government argued that a sentence at the high end of the

guideline range was necessary to deter Hernandez-Cruz from illegally reentering

the country again.

The district court sentenced Hernandez-Cruz to imprisonment for 46 months

followed by three years of supervised release. The district court explained that

Hernandez-Cruz deserved no leniency for illegally reentering the United States:

He has had Lord knows how many children, three while he was
illegally in this country and now he has had another one, so what have
we got is a new immigration program, if you can get here and get a
woman pregnant quickly enough you can get leniency. That
obviously is not the law and it is not the policy. I am well aware that
the U.S. justice system can be daunting to someone from another
country, but we have a record, two guilty pleas to two violent felonies.
We have only a lawyer vouching for what happened in either one of
them. We have no analysis of what the underlying facts would be.
Those convictions stand for the truth of what they say. So I find no
reason to vary, depart, or otherwise than to give him a guideline
sentence.

The district court incorrectly referred to Hernandez-Cruz’s prior convictions as

“two violent felonies,” although only one of those convictions was a felony. At the

hearing, Hernandez-Cruz objected to this sentence as substantively unreasonable

for “not taking into account . . . the unique circumstances of [his] life or the

circumstances of the offense under the mitigating reasons why he returned to the

United States.”

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
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We review the reasonableness of a sentence imposed under the sentencing

guidelines for abuse of discretion. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51, 128

S. Ct. 586, 597 (2007). The party who challenges the sentence “bears the burden

to show it is unreasonable in light of the record.” United States v. Tome, 611 F.3d

1371, 1378 (11th Cir. 2010).

III. DISCUSSION

The district court must impose a sentence “sufficient, but not greater than

necessary, to comply with the purposes” of sentencing. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).

Those factors include the need to reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote

respect for the law, provide just punishment for the offense, deter criminal conduct,

protect the public from future criminal conduct, and provide a defendant with

needed educational or vocational instruction or medical care. Id. § 3553(a)(2)(A)–

(D). When it imposes a sentence, a district court must also consider the nature and

circumstances of the offense, the history and characteristics of the defendant, the

kinds of sentences available, the applicable guidelines range, the pertinent policy

statements of the Sentencing Commission, the need to avoid unwarranted

sentencing disparities, and the need to provide restitution to victims. Id.

§ 3553(a)(1), (3)–(7). When we review the reasonableness of a sentence, we first

ensure that the sentence was procedurally sound and then determine whether the

sentence was substantively reasonable in the light of the totality of the

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circumstances. Gall, 552 U.S. at 51, 128 S. Ct. at 597. Although this Court does

not presume that a sentence within the guideline range is reasonable, it ordinarily

expects such a sentence to be reasonable. United States v. Hunt, 526 F.3d 739, 746

(11th Cir. 2008). A sentence imposed well below the statutory maximum penalty

also suggests that the sentence is reasonable. United States v. Gonzalez, 550 F.3d

1319, 1324 (11th Cir. 2008).

Although he does not label them as procedural errors, Hernandez-Cruz

argues that the district court committed two procedural errors when it sentenced

him. Hernandez-Cruz argues that the district court incorrectly stated that he had

two prior felony convictions for violent crimes and punished him for fathering

children in the United States. Both of these arguments fail.

First, the misstatement of the district court that Hernandez-Cruz was

convicted of two violent felonies does not make his sentence procedurally

unreasonable. When it imposes a sentence, a district court must consider “the

history and characteristics of the defendant.” 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1). Although

Hernandez-Cruz’s conviction for battery was not a felony, the record about that

conviction establishes that Hernandez-Cruz choked a taxi driver. The district court

mentioned both of Hernandez-Cruz’s convictions, not for their punishment

classification, but to explain that the convictions establish Hernandez-Cruz’s

history of violence. Because Hernandez-Cruz’s “history and characteristics” were

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relevant factors in determining his sentence and his convictions involved acts of

violence, the mislabeling of one of Hernandez-Cruz’s convictions for violent

crimes as a felony does not render his sentence procedurally unreasonable.

Second, we reject Hernandez-Cruz’s argument that the district court

punished him for fathering children in the United States. District courts should not

take into account the motive of persons who illegally reenter the United States

when they render sentences. “[T]he only harm [section 1326] is aimed at

preventing is illegal reentry itself, for whatever purpose,” United States v.

Saucedo-Patino, 358 F.3d 790, 795 (11th Cir. 2004) (quotation marks omitted),

and Hernandez-Cruz’s “motive for reentering is irrelevant,” id. at 794. Read as a

whole, the record establishes that the district court did not punish Hernandez-Cruz

for fathering children in the United States. The district court instead explained that

Hernandez-Cruz’s motive for illegally reentering the United States provided no

good reason for leniency. See id. at 794–95.

Hernandez-Cruz’s sentence also is substantively reasonable. The record

reflects that the district court considered the relevant sentencing factors and

imposed a sentence at the low end of the guidelines range and well below the

statutory maximum penalty. The district court did not abuse its discretion.

IV. CONCLUSION

We AFFIRM Hernandez-Cruz’s sentence.

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