In the United States Court of Federal Claims
No. 12-915C
(Filed: April 19, 2013)
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ROBERT DAVID NEAL,
Plaintiff,
v.
THE UNITED STATES,
Defendant.
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ORDER
Plaintiff claims that he is entitled to $250,000 for his alleged unjust
imprisonment by virtue of the application of 28 U.S.C. § 1495 (2006). He
seeks to proceed in forma pauperis. Defendant has moved to dismiss the
complaint for lack of jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1), or, in the
alternative, pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which
relief may be granted . Plaintiff responded and defendant filed a reply.1 Oral
argument is unnecessary.
Although this court does have jurisdiction under section 1495 of title
28 for claims of unjust conviction and imprisonment, that section must be read
in conjunction with section 2513 of the same title. Section 2513 reads, in
1
Plaintiff moved to strike defendant’s reply brief on the basis that it was filed
out of time. Due to clerical error in the clerk’s office, the filing date of
plaintiff’s response was erroneously recorded on the court’s docket, which in
turn lead to a later deadline for the filing of the reply. Plaintiff relies on the
actual filing date of his response in moving to strike the reply. We need not
reach the issue due to the obvious jurisdictional deficiencies in the complaint.
relevant part:
(a) Any person suing under section 1495 of this title must allege
and prove that:
(1) His conviction has been reversed or set aside on the
ground that he is not guilty of the offense of which he
was convicted, or on new trial or rehearing he was found
not guilty of such offense, as appears from the record or
certificate of the court setting aside or reversing such
conviction, or that he has been pardoned upon the stated
ground of innocence and unjust and conviction and
(2) He did not commit any of the acts charged or his acts,
deeds, or omissions in connection with such charge
constituted no offense against the United States, or any
State, Territory or the District of Columbia, and he did
not by misconduct or neglect cause or bring about his
own prosecution.
(b) Proof of the requisite facts shall be by certificate of the court
or pardon wherein such facts are alleged to appear, and other
evidence thereof shall not be received.
28 U.S.C. § 2513(a)-(b) (2006). Thus, a claim under section 1495 can only be
proven by a certificate of issuance or pardon, “and other evidence thereof shall
not be received.” Id. § (b); see also Humphrey v. United States, 52 Fed. Cl.
593, 596 (2002). That requirement is construed strictly and is jurisdictional;
that is to say, without such a certificate, this court has no jurisdiction to hear
a claim under section 1495. See, e.g., Vincin v. United States, 468 F.2d 930,
933 (1972) (“The unjust conviction statue has always been strictly
construed.”); Lucas v. United States, 228 Ct. Cl. 862, 863 (1981) (dismissing
for lack of jurisdiction because of lack of certificate of innocence). The basis
of defendant’s motion is that plaintiff has no certificate of innocence. Plaintiff
responds that he does.
Plaintiff has not provided the necessary certificate of innocence.
Plaintiff generated the document that he offers himself. It was originally
attached to another self-generated document that purports to be an agreement
between himself and the Bureau of Prisons, which he has filed in numerous
lawsuits here and elsewhere. See Pl.’s Resp. to Mot. to Dismiss Ex. 2 at 21.
2
It does not meet the requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 2513. Plaintiff’s complaint
must be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
Plaintiff’s complaint may also be dismissed because it is clearly
frivolous and an abuse of the judicial system. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)
(2006). Plaintiff has a vexatious history in the federal courts, beginning with
his conviction for wire fraud in the Northern District of Texas in 2007. See
United States v. Neal, 294 Fed. App’x 96, 98 (5th Cir. 2008) (affirming
conviction). He is currently serving a 327-month sentence in federal prison as
a result. See id. He has attempted to gain his release and/ or money from the
government by filing a string of frivolous actions in the federal courts.2 We
are aware of at least three other suits by Mr. Neal, or his alias, in this court.3
Plaintiff attempted to file a fifth complaint, which recently resulted in a pre-
filing injunction against him. The Chief Judge ordered the Clerk of Court to
reject any future complaints from plaintiff unless prior approval by the court
was sought and granted. In Re Neal (Fed. Cl. Apr. 10, 2013) (unpublished pre-
filing injunction). The present suit is yet another abuse of the federal court
system.4
Accordingly, the following is ordered:
1. Plaintiff’s motion to strike defendant’s reply in support of its motion
to dismiss is denied.
2. Plaintiff’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis is denied.
2
An earlier order to show cause against Mr. Neal recites that “some 89
criminal, bankruptcy, and appellate actions in numerous other federal courts”
have been filed by plaintiff. In Re Neal (Fed. Cl. Feb. 22, 2013) (unpublished
order to show cause why pre-filing injunction should not be entered).
3
They are case numbers 11-465, 12-368, and 13-31.
4
Plaintiff’s history of abuse of the courts gives reason to deny his motion to
proceed in forma pauperis and dismiss his complaint for failure to pay the
filing fee. Pursuant to the three strike rule of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) (2006), a
prisoner is prohibited from proceeding in forma pauperis in a civil action if he
has, “on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated . . . brought an action
or appeal that was dismissed on the grounds that it was frivolous, malicious,
or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.”
3
3. Defendant’s motion to dismiss is granted. The Clerk’s office is
directed to dismiss the suit pursuant to rule 12(b)(1).
________________________
ERIC G. BRUGGINK
Judge
4