IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 91-KA-00599-SCT
JOSEPH MOORE
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 7/19/88
TRIAL JUDGE: NA
COURT FROM WHICH HUMPHREYS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
APPEALED:
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: PRO SE
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: NA
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION: MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF DENIED -
5/30/96
MOTION FOR REHEARING
FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
ON APPLICATION FOR LEAVE TO FILE MOTION
TO VACATE AND SET ASIDE CONVICTION IN THE CIRCUIT
COURT OF HUMPHREYS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI
BEFORE DAN LEE, C.J., McRAE AND SMITH, JJ.
McRAE, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Joseph Moore filed his "Application for Leave to File Motion to Vacate and Set Aside Conviction in the
Circuit Court of Humphreys County, Mississippi" with this Court on February 24, 1993, challenging the
effectiveness of both his trial attorney and the attorney who represented him on direct appeal. Finding that
he is procedurally barred by waiver from assailing the effectiveness of his trial attorney and that he failed to
make a prima facie claim with respect to his appellate counsel, we deny his petition for post-conviction
relief.
I.
¶2. Moore was indicted on June 16, 1988 by a grand jury of the Humphreys County Circuit Court on
charges of aggravated assault. The indictment stated, in relevant part, that Moore
". . . . on the 1st day of April 1988 . . . did unlawfully, wilfully and feloniously cause serious bodily
injury to Jerry Lee Griffin, a human being, by striking and hitting Jerry Lee Griffin with a deadly
weapon, to wit: a crow bar . . ."
He was found guilty on July 12, 1988 and sentenced to serve a term of fifteen years in the custody of the
Mississippi Department of Corrections with five years of the sentence suspended. His conviction and
sentence were affirmed per curiam in Moore v. State, 593 So. 2d 478 (Miss. 1992).
II.
¶3. Moore now seeks leave of this Court to file his petition for post-conviction relief in the trial court. He
challenges the effectiveness of both his trial and appellate attorneys. Of course, "no post-conviction motion
would be complete without this allegation of error." Cabello v. State, 524 So.2d 313, 315 (Miss. 1988).
Moore charges that his case was prejudiced by:
(1) The failure of trial counsel to object and to move for dismissal of the indictment because it failed to
allege that the defendant's act of repeatedly striking the victim with a crowbar was "knowingly" done;
(2) the failure of trial counsel to secure a jury instruction requiring a finding that the defendant's act
was done "knowingly" and intentionally, and the failure of appellate counsel to address this issue on
direct appeal
(3) The failure of trial counsel to ascertain that all jurors could read in compliance with the statutory
requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 13-5-1; and
(4) The failure of trial counsel to call witnesses or put on evidence to support the theory that Moore,
at most, was guilty only of simple assault.
¶4. Moore was represented at trial by W. C. Trotter, a Belzoni attorney, while Rabun Jones, a Greenville
attorney, represented him on appeal to this Court. Moore's claim of ineffective trial counsel is procedurally
barred by virtue of Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(1) which states:
(1) Failure by a prisoner to raise objections, defenses, claims, questions, issues or errors whether in
fact or law which were capable of determination at trial and/or on direct appeal, regardless of whether
such are based on the laws and the Constitution of the State of Mississippi or of the United States,
shall constitute a waiver thereof and shall be procedurally barred, but the court may upon a showing
of cause and actual prejudice grant relief from the waiver.
¶5. Support for the validity of this waiver is found in Lockett v. State, 614 So. 2d 898 (Miss. 1992), a
death penalty case, where we said:
Lockett had different counsel at trial and on appeal: William O. Townsend of Pearl, Mississippi, and
Cullen C. Taylor of Brandon, Mississippi at trial - both guilt and penalty phase - Clive A. Stafford
Smith of Atlanta, Georgia, on appeal. Lockett had a meaningful opportunity to raise the issue
of ineffective trial counsel on direct appeal but did not do so. Therefore, this claim is
procedurally barred by waiver unless Lockett has shown cause or actual prejudice in
accordance with Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-21(4), (5).
Lockett has not alleged nor shown cause nor actual prejudice for not raising this issue on direct
appeal. See Wiley v. State, 517 So. 2d 276 (Miss. 1987); Evans v. State, 485 So. 2d 276 (Miss.
1986). Therefore, this claim is procedurally barred by waiver pursuant to Miss. Code Ann.
§99-39-21(1)(Supp. 1991).
Id. at 303 (emphasis added).
¶6. Here, where Moore had a "meaningful opportunity" to raise the issue of ineffective trial counsel on direct
appeal and has shown neither cause nor actual prejudice, he is procedurally barred by waiver from now
asserting through a petition for post-conviction relief that trial counsel was constitutionally ineffective. Miss.
Code Ann. § 99-39-21(1). However, to the extent that claims raised against Moore's trial attorney impact
the allegations of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel, we address matters otherwise waived.
¶7. Even assuming arguendo that Moore's claim was not procedurally barred, his trial attorney cannot be
faulted for failing to object to the absence of the word "knowingly" in the indictment for aggravated assault.
The indictment charged that Moore "wilfully and feloniously [c]aused serious bodily injury to Jerry Lee
Griffin . . . ." Jury instruction S-1 required a finding of fact by the jury that Moore "wilfully and feloniously
[c]aused serious bodily injury to Jerry Lee Griffin . . . ."
¶8. By the same token, there is no merit to Moore's claim that his appellate counsel, Rabun Jones, was
ineffective. The attorney specifically raised on direct appeal the very issue that Moore now claims he failed
to raise. In Proposition I of the appeal brief, it was argued that "[n]owhere . . . was the jury instructed that
under Section 97-3-7(2)(b), a defendant's actions are criminal only if they are intentional."
¶9. This Court has stated that "[i]t is inconceivable that an act willfully done is not also knowingly done."
Ousley v. State, 154 Miss. 451, 122 So. 731 (1929). Stated differently, "willfully" means "knowingly."
Moreover, "wilful" means nothing more than doing an act intentionally. Perrett v. Johnson, 253 Miss. 194,
175 So. 2d 497 (1965). As we stated in Butler v. State, 177 Miss. 91, 170 So. 148 (Miss. 1936),
The further criticism of the instruction because of the absence of the word "knowingly" is without
merit; the word "intentionally" is used instead, and we think that is equivalent to "knowingly."
Butler, 175 So. at 150. Both the indictment and the jury instructions amply covered the issue of intent.
There is no merit, therefore, to Moore's claims.
III.
¶10. In determining effectiveness of counsel issues, we must consider whether the overall performance was
deficient and whether the defense was prejudiced by any such deficiencies. Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). The burden is upon the defendant to meet both
prongs of Strickland or at least to present a prima facie claim as to any deficiencies and the prejudice
resulting therefrom. To be entitled to an evidentiary hearing on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a
petitioner further must allege "with specificity and detail" that counsel's performance was deficient and that
the deficient performance so prejudiced his defense so as to deprive him of a fair trial. Perkins v. State,
487 So. 2d 791, 793 (Miss. 1986). Procedural bars notwithstanding, Moore has failed to meet this burden.
Accordingly, we deny his application for post-conviction relief.
¶11. MOTION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF DENIED.
LEE, C.J., PRATHER, P.J., PITTMAN, ROBERTS, SMITH AND MILLS, JJ., CONCUR.
BANKS, J., CONCURS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY SULLIVAN,
P.J.
BANKS, JUSTICE, CONCURRING:
¶12. I concur in the result reached by the majority. I write separately to note my disagreement with the
suggestion that all claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are barred if not raised on direct appeal where
the defendant is represented by one other than original trial counsel.
¶13. It is clear that there are some claims of ineffective assistance of counsel which are not amenable to
effective presentation on direct appeal regardless whether appellate counsel is different than trial counsel.
This is so because some claims require factual development. See, e.g., Vielee v. State, 653 So. 2d 920
(Miss. 1995). In such cases, where the claim has been brought to the attention of this Court during the
pendency of the direct appeal, we have relegated the defendant/appellant to post-conviction relief
proceedings. Id.
¶14. In the instant case, Moore's claim regarding the failure to call witnesses to support the defense that the
crime was no more than simple assault is such a claim. The record of the trial would not ordinarily reflect the
existence of witnesses not called. Here, however, Moore has failed to support his claim sufficiently to allow
him to proceed. He does not suggest that there were witnesses to the incident or its aftermath other than
those called. He seems to believe that his lawyer could not effectively argue for the lesser included offense
without putting on evidence other than that put on by the State. This, of course, is not the case. Even if that
were the case, Moore is required to make some showing of the availability of additional probative evidence
before he may claim ineffective assistance of counsel.
SULLIVAN, P.J., JOINS THIS OPINION.