IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 97-CC-00101-SCT
BAY ST. LOUIS COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION,
PRESERVE DIAMONDHEAD QUALITY, INC., GULF
ISLANDS CONSERVANCY, INC., AND CONCERNED
CITIZENS TO PROTECT THE ISLES AND POINT,
INC.
v.
COMMISSION ON MARINE RESOURCES,
HANCOCK COUNTY PORT AND HARBOR
COMMISSION AND CASINO WORLD, INC.
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12/30/96
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JASON H. FLOYD, JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HANCOCK COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS: REILLY MORSE
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: BEN H. STONE
TERESE T. WYLY
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 07/23/98
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: 8/6/98
MANDATE ISSUED: 10/22/98
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., McRAE AND MILLS, JJ.
McRAE, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Before this Court is a question of the exhaustion of administrative remedies. The Chancery Court
of Hancock County dismissed the appeal of an order of the Commission on Marine Resources
(CMR) granting a permit to Casino World, Inc. and Hancock County Port and Harbor Commission
(appellees) on the basis that it was not timely filed pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-39 (1972).
The chancellor below ruled that the Bay St. Louis Community Association, Preserve Diamondhead
Quality, Inc., Gulf Islands Conservancy, Inc., and Concerned Citizens to Protect the Isles and Point,
Inc. (appellants) should have filed their appeal to the chancery court within thirty days after the
permit was mailed to the appellees. Finding that the chancellor below erred in dismissing the appeal in
the chancery court as untimely, we reverse and remand.
FACTS
¶2. Casino World and Hancock County Port and Harbor Commission applied to the CMR to amend
the use plan at a site on the north shore of St. Louis Bay from "general" to "industrial" and to issue a
permit for a casino resort. Four community groups, objected to the application. On July 16, 1996,
CMR granted the requested plan change and permit. Between July 20 and July 30, 1996, several
individuals and groups, including the appellants, filed requests for reconsideration of CMR's decision
as authorized by the Coastal Program. CMR notified the appellants that the petitions for
reconsideration would be brought before the Commission at its next meeting on August 20, 1996.
¶3. On August 13, 1996, pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-37, the Department of Marine
Resources (DMR) mailed the permit to Casino World and Hancock County Port and Harbor
Commission. DMR notified the recipients of the permit, "As you are aware, the Commission action
approving this project is the subject of a Commission reconsideration scheduled for August 20,
1996." DMR did not mail a copy of the permit to the appellants.
¶4. On August 20, 1996, CMR voted to deny reconsideration of its decision. At the same meeting,
CMR adopted a written statement entitled "Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law with Respect to
Approval of the Application of Hancock County Port and Harbor Commission and Casino World
Permit Application for an Adjustment to the Coastal Wetlands Use Plan and Wetlands Permit." The
statement read, "It is therefore ordered that the wetlands permit be granted and the conditional "I"
designation of the permit site shall become effective upon execution of these findings."
¶5. On September 18, 1996, appellants filed their notice of appeal, thirty-six days after the
Department of Marine Resources mailed the permit to the Hancock County Port and Harbor
Commission, Casino World, Inc., Cathy Mallette, Ronald Krizman of the COE, and Jim Morris of the
DEQ. Casino World and Hancock County Port and Harbor Commission filed a motion to dismiss the
appeal as untimely. CMR did not join the motion. On December 30, 1996, the chancellor granted the
motion to dismiss, holding that the appeal time commenced with the issuance of the permit, rather
than with the final decision of CMR to deny reconsideration. The appeal to this Court was timely
perfected. The appellants frame their assignments of error as follows:
1. The lower court erred in holding that the time for appeal commenced before CMR's order became
final.
2. Appellants properly and justifiably followed CMR's regulations for reconsideration and appeal, and
therefore the appeal was timely filed.
3. The lower court erred in disregarding Appellants' duty to exhaust their administrative remedies
before appealing the CMR's decision.
4. Section 49-27-39 begins the time for appeal from the mailing of the CMR order of issuance of the
permit, and CMR failed to mail the permit to Appellants.
Issues 1, 2, and 3 are inextricably intertwined. The basis of these assignments is that the chancellor
below erred in dismissing appellants' appeal as untimely, because 1) the appellants had not yet
exhausted their administrative remedies before filing and 2) the appellants followed CMR's
regulations for reconsideration and appeal. Accordingly, we address the first three assignments of
error together.
DISCUSSION
1. The lower court erred in holding that the time for appeal commenced before CMR's order
became final.
2. Appellants properly and justifiably followed CMR's regulations for reconsideration and
appeal, and therefore the appeal was timely filed.
3. The lower court erred in disregarding Appellants' duty to exhaust their administrative
remedies before appealing the CMR's decision.
¶6. The activities of the Mississippi Commission on Marine Resources are governed by the Coastal
Wetlands Protection Act, Miss. Code Ann. § 49-21-1, et seq. Regarding issuance of permits,
[t]he commission shall send a copy of any order in issuance, denial, revocation or suspension
of a permit to the parties stated in section 49-27-17, and such orders must be sent within ninety
(90) days from the receipt of the application in the case of granting or denying or thirty (30)
days from the date of the hearing in the case of suspension or revocation.
Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-37 (Supp. 1997). Further, Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-39(a) (1990) reads:
An appeal may be taken by the applicant, or any person or corporation, municipal corporation,
county or interested community group who has been aggrieved by such order, from the denial,
suspension or revocation of a permit or the issuance of a permit or conditional permit and who
has filed written protest or objection as specified in sections 49-27-9 to 49-27-21, within thirty
(30) days after the mailing to the parties of the order of issuance, denial, suspension or
revocation of any such permit, to the chancery court of any county having jurisdiction over the
property which may be affected by any such proposed activity to be authorized by such permit.
The crux of the dispute here is the effect of the mailing of the permit. The appellees contend that
when the actual permit was mailed to Casino World on August 13, 1996, the thirty-day appeals clock
began to run against the appellants. The appellees were aware that the Commission action approving
this project and issuing a permit was the subject of a Commission reconsideration scheduled for
August 20, 1996. The appellants contend that since the CMR did not vote against reconsideration of
its original decision until August 20, 1996, the thirty-day appeals clock did not start running until that
date. Appellants argue that the permit decision was not final and appealable because no final order
granting the permit existed until the Commission completed the reconsideration of the permit
issuance on August 20, 1996.
¶7. The Commission on Marine Resources is a state administrative agency. Appeals from state
administrative agency hearings are controlled by statute and will only be allowed after entry of a final
order. Wilson v. Mississippi Employment Sec. Comm'n, 643 So. 2d 538, 540 (Miss. 1994). For the
chancellor's dismissal of the appellants' claim to be valid, then, this Court first must conclude that the
letter to Casino World (dated August 13, 1996) containing the permit issued by the CMR on July 16,
1996, constituted an "order of issuance...of any such permit" such that the appeals clock in 49-27-39
would start running on August 13, 1996.
¶8. Initially, it must be noted that the letter containing the permit did not contain anything styled as an
"order" from the Commission. Further, it also must be noted that on reconsideration of the action
approving the permit and project, the Commission issued what was styled as "Findings of Fact and
Conclusions of law with Respect to Approval of the Application of Hancock County Port and Harbor
Commission and Casino World Permit Application for an Adjustment to the Coastal Wetlands Use
Plan and Wetlands Permit." Nonetheless, even though the word "order" was not used in the letter and
the Commission on Marine Resources did not issue a standard "Order Issuing Permit," the permit
accompanying the letter would have been valid if no request for reconsideration had been made. We
find that the letter submitted to Casino World by the DMR constituted an "order of issuance of
permit." The question remains, however, whether such order was final and appealable.
¶9. Though the letter effectively would have granted a permit to Casino World had no objection been
made, it defies logic that the letter from the DMR, on behalf of the CMR, to Casino World
constituted a final order from which an appeal could be made to the chancery court, when such letter
specifically recognized that the Commission was entertaining the idea of disapproving the project
upon reconsideration. It is axiomatic that administrative remedies must be exhausted before judicial
review can be sought. Mississippi Dep't of Pub. Safety v. McKnight, 623 So. 2d 249, 252 (Miss.
1993). Moreover, "'[a]n order is interlocutory when 'the substantial rights of the parties involved in
the action remain undetermined and when the cause is retained for further action.''" Blankenship v.
Delta Pride Catfish, Inc., 676 So. 2d 914, 916 (Miss. 1996) (quoting Freeman Truck Line, Inc. v.
Merchants Truck Line, Inc., 604 So. 2d 223, 224 (Miss. 1992)). If, as Casino World/CMR claims,
the letter from the DMR was an order, then nothing in that "order" finalized the questions raised by
the appellants' petition for reconsideration. SeeBlankenship, 676 So. 2d at 918 (finding that since
order from Workers' Compensation Commission established "that all matters among the parties
currently before the Commission were determined by the order and further, that nothing had been
retained by the Full Commission or remanded to the Administrative Law Judge for further
consideration," order was final and appealable). In fact, the letter from the DMR, on behalf of the
CMR, explicitly stated that the permit was the subject matter of a petition for reconsideration that
was pending before the Commission. If the order was being reconsidered, it could not have been
final. Ergo, the order was interlocutory, and no appeal could be taken from it until its final disposition
on August 20, 1996.
¶10. Accordingly, we find that the chancellor erred in dismissing the appellants' appeal as untimely.
The appeals time frame mentioned in Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-39 refers to the mailing of a final
order of issuance of a permit. Because the order by the Commission that was mailed on August 13,
1996 was up for reconsideration, it was not final and therefore interlocutory. The final order was
issued on August 20, 1996.(1) The appellants filed their appeal to the chancellor within thirty days of
August 20, 1996, thus satisfying the limitations period.
4. Section 49-27-39 begins the time for appeal from the mailing of the CMR order of issuance
of the permit, and CMR failed to mail the permit to Appellants.
¶11. Appellants also claim that CMR breached its duty to mail notice of the issuance of the order
granting the permit to them, pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-39. It is not clear that the statute
was referring to entities objecting to a grant of a permit. Section 49-27-37 identifies the parties
entitled to orders in issuance of a permit as those listed in Miss. Code Ann. § 49-27-17, which
includes two groups: those parties entitled to receive a copy of such application under Miss. Code
Ann. § 49-27-13, and the owners of record of adjacent land and all known claimants to water or
riparian rights in or adjacent to the coastal wetlands affected. The appellants have not shown that
they are members of either group. Even so, § 49-27-17 explicitly states that failure to notify those
two groups of parties of a hearing by the commission would not invalidate any permit granted
thereafter. This assignment of error is without merit.
CONCLUSION
¶12. We find that because the motion to reconsider was pending before the Department or the
Commission, the administrative remedy of the appellants had not been exhausted until that motion
had been considered and ruled upon. The chancellor erred in ruling that the appellants' appeal to the
chancery court was untimely. Therefore, we reverse the chancellor's ruling and remand this matter to
the Chancery Court of Hancock County for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
¶13. REVERSED AND REMANDED FOR PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS
OPINION.
PRATHER, C.J., SULLIVAN AND PITTMAN, P.JJ., ROBERTS, SMITH, MILLS AND
WALLER, JJ., CONCUR. BANKS, J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY.
1. The heart of the error lies with the Commission, for the permit in this case should not have been
issued until reconsideration was complete.