IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 1999-CP-00053-SCT
ROBERT L. STEEN
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 08/12/1998
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ELZY JONATHAN SMITH, JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: COAHOMA COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: PRO SE
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: DEIRDRE McCRORY
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: LAURENCE MELLEN
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST CONVICTION RELIEF
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 10/07/1999
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: 10/20/99; denied 12/09/99
MANDATE ISSUED: 12/16/99
BEFORE SULLIVAN, P.J., SMITH AND COBB, JJ.
SMITH, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
¶1. On January 11, 1977, Robert Steen was indicted by a grand jury in the Circuit Court of Coahoma
County for capital rape. Steen pled guilty to the charge and was sentenced to a term of life imprisonment.
¶2. In January 1998, Steen filed a motion for post-conviction relief in the Circuit Court of Coahoma County
challenging the legality of his life sentence. Steen alleges that the trial lacked the authority to impose a life
sentence without jury recommendation. Steen's motion for post-conviction relief was denied. Steen
subsequently filed a motion to reconsider, which was later denied. Feeling aggrieved Steen appealed and
raised the following issues:
I. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS RULING THAT APPELLANT'S CLAIMS
ARE TIME-BARRED AND DID THE CIRCUIT COURT'S RULING ON THE MERITS
OF THE CLAIMS "OPEN THE DOOR" TO APPELLANT'S ARGUMENTS BEING
HEARD ON THE MERITS OF HIS CLAIMS?
II. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS CONCLUSION THAT THE LANGUAGE
IN APPELLANT'S ORIGINAL APPEARS, (EMPHASIS ADDED), TO BE BASED ON
§ 97-3-65(2) OF THE MISSISSIPPI CODE ANNOTATED, ALONE, AND NOT ON § 97-
3-65(1), AS AMENDED?
III. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS INFERENCE, (EMPHASIS ADDED),
THAT APPELLANT WAS NOT SEEKING TO HAVE HIS LIFE SENTENCE SET ASIDE
BASED ON LACK OF AUTHORITY OF THE COURT TO IMPOSE A LIFE SENTENCE
UNDER § 97-3-65(1)?
IV. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS FINDING THAT PETITIONER FAILED
TO MEET THE BURDEN IMPOSED ON HIM UNDER § 99-39-11 M.C.A. WHEN
PETITIONER NEVER WAS GRANTED AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING TO ALLOW
HIM TO PRESENT, PROVE AND ARGUE HIS CLAIMS?
V. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN DRAWING A DISTINCTION BETWEEN
FORCIBLE RAPE AND STATUTORY RAPE IN CONSIDERATION OF THE
REQUIREMENT OF A JURY'S RECOMMENDATION NECESSARY FOR AN
IMPOSITION OF A SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT?
VI. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN FINDING THAT APPELLANT'S
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS WERE NOT VIOLATED?
VII. IS A SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT, THAT IMPOSITION OF WHICH IS
CLEARLY WITHOUT STATUTORY AUTHORITY, LEGAL AND VALID UNDER THE
CONSTITUTIONS AND LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI?
LEGAL ANALYSIS
I. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN RULING THAT APPELLANT'S CLAIMS ARE
TIME BARRED; AND DID THE CIRCUIT COURT'S RULING ON THE MERITS OF
THE CLAIMS "OPEN THE DOOR" TO APPELLANT'S ARGUMENTS BEING HEARD
ON THE MERITS OF HIS CLAIMS?
¶3. Steen's first argument asserts that the trial court was in error when it held that Steen's motion for post-
conviction relief was time barred.
¶4. Steen argues that in the years since his guilty plea, there have been numerous intervening decisions on
mandatory death sentences, and on life imprisonment handed down as a result of guilty pleas. Steen
contends that due to the plethora of intervening decisions by this Court and the United States Supreme
Court, he has a right to have his claims heard on the merits.
¶5. Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5(2) (Supp. 1999) of the Mississippi Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act,
states in relevant part that, "[a] motion for relief under this chapter shall be made...in case of a guilty plea,
within three (3) years after entry of the judgment of conviction..."
¶6. Steen entered his guilty plea on January 28, 1977. The Act was not in effect at the time Steen pled
guilty, but he had three years from the date of enactment to file a petition for post conviction relief. The Act
became effective on April 17, 1984. Consequently, Steen's deadline for timely filing his petition was April
17, 1987.
¶7. Steen did not file his petition for relief until January 1998, some eleven years after the deadline. Under
normal circumstances, the lower court would have been correct in finding that Steen's claim was time
barred.
¶8. However, this Court in Luckett v. State, 582 So.2d 428, 430 (Miss. 1991), held that errors affecting
fundamental constitutional rights, such as the right to a legal sentence, may be excepted from procedural
bars which would otherwise prevent their consideration. Accord, Ivy v. State, 731 So.2d 601, 603 (Miss.
1999).
¶9. In this case, however, the trial court considered whether Steen's claim constituted an intervening
decision. The trial court concluded that at the time of Steen's guilty plea, the only viable sentence available
was life in prison. The judge did not have the discretion to give the death penalty, nor a sentence less than
life imprisonment. Thus, the trial court properly dismissed Steen's motion as time barred and failing to meet
an exception under Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-5 (2)(Supp.1999).
II. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS CONCLUSION THAT THE LANGUAGE
IN APPELLANT'S ORIGINAL MOTION APPEARS, (EMPHASIS ADDED), TO BE
BASED ON § 97-3-65(2) OF THE MISSISSIPPI CODE ANNOTATED, ALONE, AND
NOT ON § 97-3-65(1), AS AMENDED?
III. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS INFERENCE (EMPHASIS ADDED)
THAT APPELLANT WAS NOT SEEKING TO HAVE HIS LIFE SENTENCE SET ASIDE
BASED ON LACK OF AUTHORITY OF THE COURT TO IMPOSE A LIFE SENTENCE
UNDER § 97-3-65(1)?
¶10. In the above two assignments of error, Steen seems to make an argument about the way the order
denying post-conviction relief was crafted. These two assignments of error are not supported with authority
and, further, lack merit.
IV. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN ITS FINDING THAT PETITIONER FAILED
TO MEET THE BURDEN IMPOSED ON HIM UNDER § 99-39-11 M.C.A. WHEN
PETITIONER NEVER WAS GRANTED AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING TO ALLOW
HIM TO PRESENT, PROVE AND ARGUE HIS CLAIMS?
¶11. In this assignment of error, Steen contends that the circuit court erred in finding that his motion failed to
meet the burden imposed under Miss. Code Ann. § 99-39-11 (Supp. 1999). Steen maintains that there
have been no prior proceedings in this case and, further, that he asked for a hearing to present, argue, and
prove his claims.
¶12. Having determined that the trial judge correctly found that the motion failed to meet the exception to
the time bar, the circuit court did not err in finding that Steen's motion, on its face, failed to show that he
was entitled to any relief. Therefore, this assignment of error is without merit.
V. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN DRAWING A DISTINCTION BETWEEN
FORCIBLE RAPE AND STATUTORY RAPE IN CONSIDERATION OF THE
REQUIREMENT OF A JURY'S RECOMMENDATION NECESSARY FOR THE
IMPOSITION OF A SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT?
¶13. Steen argues that the circuit court erred in drawing a distinction between his case and the appellants in
Luckett v. State, 582 So.2d 428 (Miss. 1991); Cunningham v. State, 467 So.2d 902 (Miss. 1985);
and Lee v. State, 322 So.2d 751 (Miss. 1975). Steen argues that he was charged with statutory rape
while the above appellants were charged with forcible rape.
¶14. Steen was charged with rape of a child under the age of under fourteen years of age. This can be
distinguished from forcible rape. Forcible rape is defined as forcible sexual intercourse with any person. Age
is the defining characteristic between capital rape and forcible rape. The victim in this case was seven years
old. The sentences imposed for these two distinct crimes are different. Therefore, the circuit court did not
err in drawing a distinction between forcible rape and statutory rape. This assignment of error is without
merit.
VI. DID THE CIRCUIT COURT ERR IN FINDING THAT APPELLANT'S
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS WERE NOT VIOLATED?
¶15. Steen asserts that his choice to agree to a plea bargain proposal to accept a life sentence was only
made because of the possibility of his being sentenced to death. Steen seeks application of the death
penalty rulings to his case. Steen asserts that the sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by the sentencing
court without authority to do so, is a violation of his fundamental constitutional rights.
¶16. When Steen committed the crime of rape, the sentence for his crime was the death penalty or life
imprisonment.
¶17. Following its decision in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972), the U.S. Supreme Court found
that the then existent statutory schemes in Georgia and Texas for imposing the death penalty were
unconstitutional. States then proceeded to rewrite their statutes to provide procedures to protect convicted
individuals against cruel and unusual punishment.
¶18. This Court, in Jackson v. State, 337 So.2d 1242 (Miss. 1976), prescribed rules of procedure for
cases involving the death penalty. Due to the status of the death penalty at the time of Steen's guilty plea, the
circuit court had no alternative but to sentence Steen to life imprisonment. Therefore, the circuit court did
not lack the authority to sentence Steen to life imprisonment and did not violate Steen's constitutional rights.
VII. IS A SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT, THE IMPOSITION OF WHICH IS
CLEARLY WITHOUT STATUTORY AUTHORITY, LEGAL AND VALID UNDER THE
CONSTITUTIONS AND LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI?
¶19. In this assignment of error, Steen seems to rehash the proposition that the circuit court did not have the
authority to sentence him to life imprisonment. Having determined that the circuit had the authority to
sentence Steen to life imprisonment, this assignment of error is without merit.
CONCLUSION
¶20. Steen was charged with capital rape where the victim was under the age of twelve. At the time Steen
pled guilty to the crime of rape, the possible sentence was the death penalty or life imprisonment. The circuit
court had the authority to sentence Steen to a life sentence. Steen's constitutional rights were not violated.
The circuit court was correct in denying Steen's motion for post-conviction relief as time barred and failing
to qualify under one of the exceptions to a time bar. The Uniform Post-Conviction Collateral Relief Act
went into effect April 17, 1984, although Steen pled guilty in 1977, he had three years from the enactment
of the Act to file a motion for post-conviction relief. Steen did not file his motion until 1998. There were no
intervening causes to fall into the exception to the statute of limitations. Therefore, the circuit court's
judgment denying post-conviction relief is affirmed.
¶21. DENIAL OF POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AFFIRMED.
PRATHER, C.J., SULLIVAN AND PITTMAN, P.JJ., BANKS, McRAE,
MILLS, WALLER AND COBB, JJ., CONCUR.