IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 98-CA-00295-SCT
SHARON ALEXANDER AND WOODY ALEXANDER
v.
MISSISSIPPI GAMING COMMISSION AND KEITH P. RANDAZZO, INDIVIDUALLY
AND JOINTLY
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 02/03/1998
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ROBERT H. WALKER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS: WILLIAM WENDELL MARTIN
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES: ALBEN N. HOPKINS
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 4/8/1999
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED: 4/29/99
BEFORE PITTMAN, P.J., BANKS AND MILLS, JJ.
BANKS, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Here, we consider whether notice of claim to the chairman of the Mississippi Gaming Commission is
sufficient to satisfy the pre-suit notice of claim requirements under the Mississippi Tort Claims Act, Miss.
Code Ann. §§ 11-46-1 to -23 (Supp. 1998). We conclude that it is under the now applicable substantial
compliance doctrine. We, therefore, reverse the judgment of the circuit court and remand this case for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
I.
¶2. On May 14, 1996, Sharon Alexander was involved in an automobile accident with Keith P. Randazzo,
an employee of the Mississippi Gaming Commission (MGC), while he was in the scope and course of his
employment.
¶3. Appellants, Sharon and Woody Alexander ("Alexanders") attempted notice of claim pursuant to Miss.
Code Ann. § 11-46-11 to R. Stewart Smith, Jr., Special Assistant Attorney General, on July 2, 1996. On
May 5, 1997, subsequent counsel for the Alexanders forwarded a notice of claim to W. W. Gresham, Jr.,
Chairman of the MGC; Mike Moore, Attorney General for Mississippi; and Kirk Fordice, Governor of
Mississippi.
¶4. On August 6, 1997, the Alexanders filed a complaint against the Mississippi Gaming Commission and
Keith P. Randazzo seeking damages for injuries resulting from the accident. Appellees filed their Answer
and Affirmative Defenses on September 12, 1997. On November 21, 1997, the appellees filed their
Motion to Dismiss on the basis that the Alexanders failed to comply with the statutory pre-suit notice of
claim requirements under the Mississippi Tort Claims Act ("MTCA"). After hearing on the motion, the trial
court issued an order granting the Motion to Dismiss on February 3, 1998, finding the statutory pre-suit
notice of claim requirements had not been met and that dismissal was necessary because the statute of
limitations had run. Aggrieved, the Alexanders appeal to this Court seeking relief.
II.
¶5. The Alexanders argue that by serving notice of claim with the chairman, timely and proper notice of their
claim was given to MGC. The Alexanders assert that the Mississippi Gaming Control Act, Miss. Code
Ann. §§ 75-76-1 to -313 (1991 & Supp. 1998), does not define or identify the term chief executive
officer. They argue that notice to the chairman of MGC was, therefore, timely and proper notice as required
under the notice provisions of the MTCA. The appellees counter that, pursuant to Miss. Code Ann. § 75-
76-21, the executive director may sue and be sued on behalf of the commission and that the executive
director was the proper party to be notified of a claim.
¶6. Section 11-46-11 of the Mississippi Tort Claims Act, Miss. Code Ann. §§ 11-46-1 to -23 (Supp.
1998), sets out a statute of limitations and a pre-suit notice of claim requirement and provides in full as
follows:
(1) After all procedures within a governmental entity have been exhausted, any person having a
claim for injury arising under the provisions of this chapter against a governmental entity or its
employee shall proceed as he might in any action at law or in equity; provided however, that ninety
(90) days prior to maintaining an action thereon, such person shall file a notice of claim with the
chief executive officer of the governmental entity, and, if the governmental entity is participating in
a plan administered by the board pursuant to Section 11-46-7(3), such chief executive officer shall
notify the board of any claims filed within five (5) days after the receipt thereof.
(2) The notice of claim required by subsection (1) of this section shall be in writing, delivered in
person or by registered or certified United States mail. Every notice of claim shall contain a short and
plain statement of the facts upon which the claim is based, including the circumstances which brought
about the injury, the extent of the injury, the time and place the injury occurred, the names of all
persons known to be involved, the amount of money damages sought and the residence of the person
making the claim at the time of the injury and at the time of filing the notice.
(3) All actions brought under the provisions of this chapter shall be commenced within one (1) year
next after the date of the tortious, wrongful, or otherwise actionable conduct on which the liability
phase of the action is based, and not after; provided, however, that the filing of a notice of claim as
required by subsection (1) of this section shall serve to toll the statute of limitations for a period of
ninety-five (95) days. The limitations period provided herein shall control and shall be exclusive in all
actions subject to and brought under the provisions of this chapter, notwithstanding the nature of the
claim, the label or other characterization the claimant may use to describe it, or the provisions of any
other statute of limitations which would otherwise govern the type of claim or legal theory if it were
not subject to or brought under the provisions of this chapter.
Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11 (Supp. 1998) (emphasis added).
¶7. Recent holdings of this Court in analogous cases reflect an initial strict interpretation of pre-suit notice of
claim requirements under the MTCA. This Court has held that a notice of claim must be given to the chief
executive officer of the governmental entity for the purposes of granting notice under Miss. Code Ann. §
11-46-11. City of Jackson v. Lumpkin, 697 So. 2d 1179, 1181-82 (Miss. 1997). Mere submission of
invoices to the City's claims department did not suffice as proper notice. Id. In Carpenter v. Dawson, 701
So. 2d 806, 807 (Miss. 1997), notice was provided to the insurance carrier for the City of Southaven
instead of the chief executive officer. Id. In affirming the trial court's grant of summary judgment, this Court
concluded that such notice did not comply with the requirements of Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11. Id. See
also, Holmes v. Defer, 722 So. 2d 624 (Miss. 1998).
¶8. The standard of strict compliance, however, has been relaxed by this Court in Reaves v. Randall, No.
97-CA-00982-SCT, 1998 WL 909578 (Miss. Dec. 31, 1998). Reaves notes that the purpose of the
MTCA notice requirement is to inform governmental boards, commissioners, and agencies of claims against
them. 1998 WL 909578 at *4. Reaves further points out that the term "chief executive officer" includes the
president of the board, chairman of the board, any board member, secretary of the board, or such other
person employed in an executive capacity by a board or commission who can reasonably be expected to
notify the governmental entity of its potential liability. Id. As such, substantial compliance with the notice
requirements of the MTCA is sufficient. Id. In cases such as the instant one, then, the litigant will not be
forced at his peril to interpret a statutory scheme to answer the question who is the chief executive officer.
¶9. Most recently, in Carr v. Town of Shubuta, No. 96-CT-01266-SCT, 1999 WL 62772 (Miss. Feb.
11, 1999) we unanimously embraced the substantial compliance rule for identifying compliance with the
pre-suit notice of claim requirements of § 11-46-11 and overruled Lumpkin, Carpenter, and Holmes to
the extent that they required strict compliance. In addition, we recognized and applied equitable estoppel to
estop the town from asserting an inadequate notice defense. Finally, we stressed that substantial compliance
is not the same as, nor a substitute for, non-compliance and that the determination of substantial compliance
is a legal, though fact-sensitive, inquiry which must be decided on an ad hoc basis.
¶10. In the present case, the Alexanders served notice on W. W. Gresham, Jr., Chairman of the MGC, on
May 5, 1997, within the statutory time period for filing a pre-suit notice of claim under Miss. Code Ann. §
11-46-11. Because the Alexanders provided the Chairman of MGC with notice of a claim, there was at
least substantial compliance with Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-11. As Chairman, Gresham could reasonably
be expected to notify the MGC of the claim against it. Moreover, when the Alexanders contacted the MGC
to find out who was in control of the Gaming Commission, they were given Gresham's name. The letter sent
to Gresham contained all the information required for a statutory notice of claim, except for information
regarding the extent of the injury. Thus, the appellees did receive proper and timely notice of the claim.
III.
¶11. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and this case is remanded to
that court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
¶12. REVERSED AND REMANDED.
PRATHER, C.J., SULLIVAN, P.J., McRAE, SMITH, MILLS AND WALLER, JJ., CONCUR.
PITTMAN, P.J., CONCURS IN RESULT ONLY. COBB, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.