IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2002-KA-00747-SCT
JOSH KIRK DAVIS
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 4/12/2002
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JANNIE M. LEWIS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: YAZOO COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: WESLEY THOMAS EVANS
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: BILLY L. GORE
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: JAMES H. POWELL, III
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 07/17/2003
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE McRAE, P.J., WALLER AND COBB, JJ.
WALLER, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Josh Kirk Davis was indicted and convicted of murder in the Yazoo County Circuit Court for the
shooting death of William "Bubba" Arnold. Finding no reversible error, we affirm the conviction and
sentence of life imprisonment.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. During the night of July 29, 2000, and the early hours of July 30, 2000, William Arnold, 15-year-
old Josh Kirk Davis, Blake McNeer, Megan Smith, Michelle Campbell, and Nicki Campbell were at a
deer camp in rural Yazoo County, Mississippi, fishing and swimming in a nearby lake. While Davis,
McNeer, Smith, and Michelle Campbell were swimming in the lake, the 46-year-old Arnold allegedly made
unwelcome sexual advances toward 17-year-old Nicki Campbell.
¶3. Upon learning of Arnold's advances toward Nicki Campbell, McNeer confronted Arnold, and
Arnold brandished a shotgun and demanded the group leave the property. The group then went to
Michelle Campbell's house where, a little later, Mike Campbell, who is Michelle's father, and Clifton
Campbell, who is Mike's brother and Nicki's father, returned from a night out. Shortly thereafter, Michelle
and Davis informed Clifton of what had occurred earlier between Arnold and his daughter, Nicki. Clifton
became enraged and left Mike Campbell's house with Davis. In the meantime, Megan and Michelle had
left the house and returned to find Clifton and Davis gone.
¶4. Clifton and Davis traveled to the camp where, according to Davis, Clifton pointed a shotgun at him
and ordered him to fire into the camp cabin where Arnold was sleeping. Davis took the shotgun and, with
Clifton pulling aside the blinds in the door as the door's glass was missing, fired three shots. Davis admitted
to firing into the camp cabin in his third statement to police. The shotgun blasts struck Arnold in the face,
producing massive injuries and killing him instantly.
¶5. After Megan and Michelle returned to find that Clifton and Davis had already left Mike Campbell's
house, they drove out to the camp where they found Clifton and Davis running from the camp with Clifton
holding a shotgun. The two girls then left and returned a short time later to Mike Campbell's house.
Michelle testified that when she questioned Davis about what happened, he said, "I shot him. I shot that
mother ****er three God damn times."
¶6. Megan, Michelle and Davis returned to the camp cabin where they found Arnold lying on the
couch. The three returned to Mike Campbell's house, and Davis repeatedly professed his innocence.
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¶7. Both Davis and Clifton were charged with capital murder with the underlying felony being burglary.
After severance, Davis was tried alone and convicted of murder less than capital in a three-day trial. He
was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Davis appeals, arguing the trial court erred in refusing
to grant a manslaughter instruction, erred in admitting into evidence the gruesome photographs of Arnold's
body, erred in refusing to grant a directed verdict, and that co-counsel rendered ineffective assistance of
counsel.
DISCUSSION
I. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR BY REFUSING TO GRANT A
MANSLAUGHTER INSTRUCTION BASED UPON
THE EVIDENCE.
¶8. Davis argues that the trial court erred in denying a manslaughter instruction because the killing
occurred in the heat of passion in that Arnold's sexual advances toward Nicki supposedly enraged both
Davis and Clifton. The requested manslaughter instruction, D-8, provided, in pertinent part:
If you find from the evidence in this case beyond a reasonable doubt that
JOSH DAVIS and no other person on or about July 30, 2001 [actually
2000] in YAZOO County acting in the heat of passion or with culpable
negligence effect the death of William Arnold, then you shall find the
defendant guilty of manslaughter.
(emphasis in original).
¶9. A defendant is entitled to have jury instructions given presenting his theory of the case, but a
proposed instruction can be refused if it incorrectly states the law, is fairly covered elsewhere in other
instructions, or is without foundation in the evidence. Poole v. State, 826 So. 2d 1222, 1230 (Miss.
2002); Jones v. State, 797 So. 2d 922, 927 (Miss. 2001); Adams v. State, 772 So. 2d 1010, 1016
(Miss. 2000); Higgins v. State, 725 So. 2d 220, 223 (Miss. 1998).
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¶10. In the instant case, there was no factual basis for a manslaughter instruction. The State is correct
that any initial passions had cooled and that deliberation and malice had set in. After the youths had
returned from the camp, Nicki and McNeer, the person who confronted Arnold about his advances toward
Nicki, each went to sleep. Mike and Clifton did not arrive at the house until approximately 30 to 45
minutes later, and the drive back to the camp took about an additional 15 to 20 minutes. Furthermore,
Arnold was killed while he was asleep. Davis was also not related by blood to Nicki and Clifton. Given
the amount of time that transpired, any heat of passion, assuming such was even present to begin with,
cooled into deliberation and malice. This assignment of error is without merit.
II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY
ADMITTING CERTAIN PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE
CRIME SCENE.
¶11. Davis next argues that photographs of Arnold were unduly gruesome and served only to prejudice
and inflame the jury. Four of the disputed photographs depicted the interior of the camp cabin and the
location and relation of Arnold's body to the interior and blood splatters on the wall and floor. Two other
photographs were taken during the autopsy each of which depict the injuries to each side of Arnold's face
and head. The State counters that the trial court correctly admitted the photographs because they showed
the nature and extent of the injuries Arnold sustained and the circumstances surrounding the incident.
¶12. We will not reverse a trial court's decision to admit photographs of a murder victim's body unless
the court abused its discretion. Simmons v. State, 805 So. 2d 452, 485 (Miss. 2001) (citing Gray v.
State, 728 So. 2d 36, 57 (Miss. 1998)). We have likewise held that a trial judge's discretion to admit
such photographs is nearly limitless regardless of the gruesomeness and repetitiveness. Woodward v.
State, 726 So. 2d 524, 535 (Miss. 1997). Photographs of a victim have evidentiary value where they "1)
aid in describing the circumstances of the killing and the corpus delicti; 2) where they describe the location
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of the body and cause of death; and 3) where they supplement or clarify witness testimony." Westbrook
v. State, 658 So. 2d 847, 849 (Miss. 1995) (citations omitted). See also Neal v. State, 805 So. 2d
520, 524 (Miss. 2002); Jones v. State, 776 So. 2d 643, 652 (Miss. 2000).
¶13. Here, there is no indication that the prejudicial value of the photographs outweighed their probative
value. They served the legitimate evidentiary purpose of depicting the angles and trajectories of the
gunshots about which Dr. Steven Hayne, the forensic pathologist who performed the autopsy, testified, and
they did not to inflame the jury. See, e.g., McDowell v. State, 813 So. 2d 694, 699 (Miss. 2002);
Stevens v. State, 808 So. 2d 908, 926 (Miss. 2002); Drake v. State, 800 So. 2d 508, 515-16 (Miss.
2001); Milano v. State, 790 So. 2d 179, 191 (Miss. 2001). This assignment of error is without merit.
III. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN
REFUSING TO GRANT A DIRECTED VERDICT.
¶14. Davis argues the State never proved he was involved in the murder of Arnold. He further argues
that there was no physical evidence placing him at the crime scene.
¶15. Motions for directed verdict challenge the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the verdict.
Bridges v. State, 807 So. 2d 1228, 1231 (Miss. 2002); Smith v. State, 802 So. 2d 82, 86 (Miss.
2001); Holmes v. State, 798 So. 2d 533, 537 (Miss. 2001); Mallard v. State, 798 So. 2d 539, 542
(Miss. 2001). When passing upon such a motion, all of the State's evidence is accepted as true with
inferences that can be drawn therefrom, and if the evidence is sufficient to support the verdict of guilty, the
motion for directed verdict must be denied. Hill v. State, 774 So. 2d 441, 447 (Miss. 2000); Fleming
v. State, 732 So. 2d 172, 182 (Miss. 1999); Stevenson v. State, 733 So. 2d 177, 183 (Miss. 1998);
Mamon v. State, 724 So. 2d 878, 881 (Miss. 1998); Wall v. State, 718 So. 2d 1107, 1111 (Miss.
1998).
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¶16. Here, there was sufficient evidence to support the verdict. Davis admitted to law enforcement in
his third statement on August 1, 2000, that he fired three shots into the camp cabin where Arnold was
sleeping while Clifton held the blinds aside.1 Both Megan Smith and Michelle Campbell saw Davis running
from the camp with Clifton, and both testified he told them he fired the three shots. Michelle also testified
that Josh stated, "I shot him. I shot the mother f**ker three God damn times." This assignment of error
is without merit.
IV. WHETHER CO-COUNSEL RENDERED
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
DURING CLOSING BY REVEALING STATEMENTS
IN VIOLATION OF THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT
PRIVILEGE.
¶17. Davis's appellate and trial counsel, Wesley Evans, argues that statements made by trial co-counsel
Michael Rushing violated Davis's attorney-client privilege and totally contradicted Davis's trial strategy that
Clifton fired the fatal gunshots. The pertinent statements are as follows:
Now we've got Josh's three statements, and y'all can read them
for yourself. Y'all are intelligent folks, and I want you to do that,
especially the third one where Josh incriminates himself at least to the
extent of saying he fired the three shots, but, at the same time, he provides
his defense, which the State cannot counter. They have no testimony or
evidence to counter the defense that the gun was put to his head and he
was threatened with his life. but I've got a statement here that's not into
evidence, but it's my work product, and I'm going to read it to you. It's
very brief. . . .
THE COURT: Five minutes.
MR. RUSHING: Okay. It's from August 29th, 2000. Interview: "Josh
Davis at Holmes County jail." These are my notes on my initial full
interview with Josh.
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As stated before, the window in the door to the camp was missing its glass.
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[DA] POWELL: Your honor, we're going to object to Mr. Rushing
reading his notes from an interview. There's nothing in evidence about
that.
THE COURT: Sustained.
MR. RUSHING: I can read my statement, my closing statement.
THE COURT: Let's approach the bench.
(AT BENCH OUT OF HEARING OF JURORS)
THE COURT: You can't read anything that is not a part of the evidence
that the defense –
MR. RUSHING: I can't talk about it?
THE COURT: Not unless it came out as evidence in this trial.
MR. RUSHING: It's exactly the same as his third statement.
THE COURT: If it is the same, then you can testify, but you can't testify
if this is something that came out of an interview that you had with him,
because it's not in evidence.
MR. RUSHING: Okay. I understand.
(END OF BENCH CONFERENCE)
MR. RUSHING: Well, I'm not going to read you the statement, but
suffice it to say that I have been representing Josh since less than a month
after this unfortunate occurrence, and, at no time, has he given me varying
versions of what happened. And at no time has he waivered from the
contention that Clifton Campbell put that shotgun to his head and said,
"Boy, if you don't shoot up in there, I'm going to blow your head off."
And he was drunk and he was mean, and he meant it, at least to Josh.
¶18. We outlined the standards to be applied when addressing issues of the ineffective assistance of
counsel in Holly v. State, 716 So. 2d 979, 989 (Miss. 1993):
In order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a
defendant must prove that his attorney's performance was deficient, and
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that the deficiency was so substantial as to deprive the defendant of a fair
trial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-96, 104 S. Ct.
2052, 80 L. Ed. 674 (1984); Wilcher v. State, 479 So. 2d 710, 713
(Miss. 1985); Stringer v. State, 454 So. 2d 468, 477 (Miss. 1984).
This Court looks at the totality of the circumstances to determine whether
counsel's efforts were both deficient and prejudicial. Carney v. State,
525 So. 2d 776, 780 (Miss. 1988); Read v. State, 430 So. 2d 832
(Miss. 1983). "Judicial scrutiny of counsel's performance [is] highly
deferential." Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S. Ct. 2052. There is
a strong but rebuttable presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the
wide range of reasonable professional assistance. Carney, 525 So. 2d
at 780; Gilliard v. State, 462 So. 2d 710, 714 (Miss. 1985). Only
where it is reasonably probable that but for the attorney's errors, the
outcome of the trial would have been different, will we find that counsel's
performance was deficient. Dickey v. State, 662 So. 2d 1106, 1109
(Miss. 1995); Reed v. State, 536 So. 2d 1336, 1339 (Miss. 1988).
¶19. The State argues that Davis has failed to demonstrate a deficiency in his counsels' overall
performance sufficient to undermine the integrity of his trial and conviction. We agree. There was
testimony that Davis admitted shooting into the camp cabin and a confession stating likewise. Rushing's
statements during closing presented an alternative defense theory, namely, that Clifton put the shotgun to
Davis's head and ordered him to fire. There was no deficiency and no concomitant prejudice. This
assignment of error is without merit.
CONCLUSION
¶20. Finding no reversible error, we affirm the judgment of the Yazoo County Circuit Court.
¶21. CONVICTION OF MURDER AND SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN
THE CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
AFFIRMED.
PITTMAN, C.J., McRAE AND SMITH, P.JJ., COBB, DIAZ, EASLEY, CARLSON
AND GRAVES, JJ., CONCUR.
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