IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2002-CA-00471-SCT
GLOBAL OCEANIC ENTERPRISES, INC. AND
RICHARD COPPOLA
v.
WAYNE HYNUM
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 1/15/2002
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. LAMAR PICKARD
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS: O. STEPHEN MONTAGNET, III
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: WAYNE HYNUM
ALLEN LAMAR BURRELL
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - OTHER
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 08/14/2003
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
EN BANC.
COBB, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. On June 3, 1999, Global Oceanic Enterprises, Inc. and Richard Coppola (collectively Global)
enrolled a Pennsylvania judgment against attorney Wayne Hynum (Hynum) with the Forrest County Circuit
Clerk. The Pennsylvania judgment was the result of a fee dispute between Hynum and Global. Hynum
objected to the enrollment, claiming Pennsylvania did not have jurisdiction over him. Global filed a
response and moved for summary judgment; Hynum also filed a motion for summary judgment. Both
parties’ motions for summary judgment were heard before Special Judge Lamar Pickard, and on
September 5, 2001, he entered an order finding in favor of Hynum. Subsequently, Global’s motion to
reconsider was denied, and Global timely appealed.
FACTS
¶2. Global is a Pennsylvania corporation. Hynum is an attorney in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. In 1992,
Richard Coppola, the president and sole owner of Global, hired Hynum to represent Global in a lawsuit
that was pending in the Forrest County Chancery Court. After the litigation ended in 1994, a fee dispute
arose between Global and Hynum. On July 15, 1996, Global filed a complaint for breach of contract
against Hynum in the Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Court of Common Pleas, alleging that Hynum
improperly retained a substantial portion of settlement proceeds that should have been returned to Global.
¶3. Hynum obtained Pennsylvania counsel and entered a special appearance by filing a preliminary
objection to Global’s complaint, in the nature of objection to the jurisdiction of the Pennsylvania court on
August 5, 1996. Global filed its response to Hynum’s objection on August 14, 1996. Hynum allowed his
deposition to be taken on February 5, 1997, and produced documents in response to discovery requests
concerning the issue of jurisdiction. On April 22, 1997, Hynum’s counsel filed a response to Global’s
memorandum in opposition, in which he asserted that Hynum did not have sufficient minimum contacts with
Pennsylvania to make him subject to the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania courts. Following the formal briefing
of the jurisdictional arguments, the Pennsylvania judge heard oral argument in her chambers on July 1,
1997. Hynum’s attorney was present appearing on Hynum’s behalf, and during the course of the
proceedings, the judge invited the parties to supplement their previous memoranda. That same day,
Global’s counsel submitted a letter to the judge supplementing its argument, stating that Hynum had
sufficient minimal contacts to meet jurisdictional requirements and also stating that because Hynum made
2
no showing of compelling circumstances which would render the exercise of jurisdiction unreasonable,
Global had met its burden of proof. Hynum responded by submitting a letter to the judge on September
3, 1997, contesting: the accuracy of Global’s letter regarding the locus of execution of a fee agreement;
the locus of payments made; the allegation that Hynum traveled to Pennsylvania to meet with Global; and
the allegation that he traveled to Pennsylvania in order to enter into a contract with Pennsylvania citizens.
¶4. After considering the parties’ jurisdictional arguments, the Pennsylvania judge entered an order on
October 14, 1997, denying and dismissing Hynum’s objection to jurisdiction. The order also stated Hynum
had twenty days to answer Global’s complaint. Hynum declined to further defend the Pennsylvania action
and also failed to perfect any appeal of the court’s ruling within the Pennsylvania court system.
Consequently, a default judgment was entered in favor of Global on July 16, 1998.
¶5. After the Pennsylvania judgment was enrolled in Forrest County, Hynum filed a motion objecting
to the judgment and asking that it be stricken from the judgment roll, making the same arguments as he
previously made in objection to the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania. Both Global and Hynum filed motions for
summary judgment. Following the trial court’s granting of Hynum’s motion and denial of Global’s motion
to reconsider, Global now appeals citing the following two issues for this Court’s consideration:
ISSUES
I. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN PERMITTING
RELITIGATION OF JURISDICTIONAL FACTS FULLY
LITIGATED IN A COURT OF FOREIGN JURISDICTION.
II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN REFUSING TO
AFFORD “FULL FAITH AND CREDIT” TO A FOREIGN
JUDGMENT.
3
¶6. Because we conclude that the Forrest County Circuit Court erred in its grant of summary judgment
in favor of Hynum, we reverse and remand to that court for re-enrollment of the Pennsylvania judgment.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶7. This Court employs a de novo standard of review on appeal from a summary judgment. Jenkins
v. Ohio Cas. Ins. Co., 794 So.2d 228, 232 (Miss. 2001); Russell v. Orr, 700 So.2d 619, 622 (Miss.
1997).
¶8. The circuit court’s decision to decline application of the doctrine of res judicata is a legal rather than
a factual determination. For questions of law, this Court’s standard of review is de novo. Saliba v.
Saliba, 753 So.2d 1095, 1098 (Miss. 2000).
DISCUSSION
¶9. The question of whether the Pennsylvania court had jurisdiction over Hynum is crucial to the circuit
court’s ability to enforce the judgment. Hynum challenged the Pennsylvania court’s jurisdiction by entering
a special appearance, through Pennsylvania counsel, for the limited purpose of challenging personal
jurisdiction. However, after hearing arguments on the jurisdictional issue, the Pennsylvania judge denied
and dismissed Hynum’s challenge and ordered him to answer Global’s complaint within twenty days, which
he did not do.
¶10. Global first argues that the Pennsylvania court’s decision on jurisdiction is binding and bars
Hynum’s collateral attack of the judgment in Forrest County. Global contends that the doctrine of res
judicata should be applied since the issue of whether Pennsylvania had in personam jurisdiction over Hynum
4
has already been decided. Hynum counters that Global misrepresented facts to the Pennsylvania judge
in order to obtain jurisdiction.
¶11. Res judicata reflects the refusal of the law to tolerate a multiplicity of litigation. Little v. V&G
Welding Supply, Inc., 704 So.2d 1336, 1337 (Miss. 1997). Res judicata bars all issues that might have
been (or could have been) raised and decided in the initial suit, plus all issues that were actually decided
in the first cause of action. Id. “The principles of res judicata apply to questions of jurisdiction as well as
to other issues whether the questions relate to jurisdiction of the subject matter or jurisdiction of the
parties.” Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Shelnut, 772 So.2d 1041, 1045 (Miss. 2000) (citing Insurance
Corp. of Ireland, Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 456 U.S. 694, 102 S.Ct. 2099,72
L.Ed.2d 492 (1982)). In determining “whether the judgment amounts to res judicata on the question of
the jurisdiction of the court which rendered it over the person of the respondent, [i]t is of no moment that
the appearance was a special one expressly saving any submission to such jurisdiction. That fact would
be important upon appeal from the judgment....” Baldwin v. Iowa State Traveling Men’s Ass’n, 283
U.S. 522, 524-25, 51 S. Ct. 517, 75 L. Ed. 1244 (1931).
¶12. To apply res judicata to jurisdictional issues, a prior challenge to the jurisdictional claim is required.
A defendant has three options available:
First he may ignore the complaint and summons, and, then if a default judgment is issued
against him, he may challenge that judgment on jurisdictional grounds in a collateral
proceeding when the plaintiff seeks to enforce the judgment. Second, he may voluntarily
waive any lack of personal jurisdiction and submit to the distant court’s jurisdiction. And
third, he may submit to the jurisdiction of the court for the limited purpose of challenging
jurisdiction.
5
Shelnut, 772 So.2d at 1045-46 (citations omitted). If, however, a defendant takes the third route, “the
defendant agrees to abide by that court’s determination on the issue of jurisdiction: That decision will be
res judicata on that issue in any further proceedings.” Id. at 1046.
¶13. Global relies primarily on Shelnut, which concerned the enforcement of a child support order
entered in a Canadian divorce action.1 The wife filed a divorce action in Canada, and the husband filed
an affidavit and pleading in the Canadian court, contesting personal jurisdiction. The Canadian court
rejected the husband’s argument and ruled in favor of the wife, granting the divorce and awarding custody
and child support to her. In an attempt to collect child support, the Mississippi Department of Human
Services (DHS) filed suit against the husband in Hinds County. The husband contested enforcement of the
Canadian judgment, and the Hinds County Chancery Court found that the Canadian court lacked
jurisdiction to enter the order against him.
¶14. On appeal, this Court reversed, holding that res judicata barred relitigation of the jurisdictional
issue, and stating that, “by making a special appearance to raise the issue of personal jurisdiction, the
husband preserved the jurisdictional issue for purposes of direct appeal. He did not preserve it for
collateral attack.” Id. at 1047 (emphasis added) (citing O'Neill v. O'Neill, 515 So. 2d 1208 (Miss.
1987)). It was also noted that since no attempt was made to appeal the Canadian ruling that he should not
be allowed to collaterally attack it. Shelnut 772 So.2d at 1047.
1
The Shelnuts were married in Canada but lived in Mississippi. Ms. Shelnut returned to
Canada before filing for divorce. Mr. Shelnut remained in Mississippi. Although Shelnut discusses
enforcement of a judgment under Mississippi statutes, the questions of res judicata and full faith and
credit were decided using Mississippi case law.
6
¶15. Hynum counters by arguing that Mississippi law does not apply full faith and credit to foreign
judgments obtained by false means or representations; nor does it apply to judgments if the foreign court
did not have jurisdiction. Davis v. Davis, 558 So.2d 814, 818 (Miss. 1990). Hynum contends that
Shelnut is not applicable because there was no allegation of fraud in obtaining jurisdiction over Mr.
Shelnut.
¶16. Further, Hynum relies on Reeves Royalty Co. v. ANB Pump Truck Service, 513 So. 2d 595
(Miss. 1987), in which a default judgment was entered against Reeves in favor of ANB in Witchita County,
Texas. Id. at 596. ANB sought to have the foreign judgment enforced in Mississippi, and Reeves
contested the enforcement and put on uncontradicted evidence that ANB had agreed to take no further
action against it and Reeves therefore withdrew its defense of the Texas case.2 Id. This Court noted that
where the court rendering the judgment was without jurisdiction or where judgment was obtained by
extrinsic fraud, then a state was not required to recognize the foreign judgment. Id. at 598 (emphasis
added). Extrinsic fraud is “any fraudulent conduct of the successful party which was practiced outside of
an actual adversary trial directly and affirmatively on the defeated party whereby he was prevented from
presenting fully and fairly his side of the cause.” Id. at 598-99. Further, this Court stated that “[i]t is not
fraud involving the merits of the case which may be thus attacked, but a fraud that enables a party to
procure a judgment he otherwise would not have obtained which is subject to such an attack. This is an
important distinction.” Id. at 599 (citing Smedes v. Ilsley, 68 Miss. 590, 10 So. 75 (1891)).
2
No claim was made that the Texas court lacked jurisdiction over Reeves.
7
¶17. Hynum’s reliance on Reeves is misplaced, as his circumstances are clearly distinguishable from
that of Reeves. The type of fraud or misrepresentation Hynum complains of is not extrinsic. He argues that
Global misrepresented his contacts with Pennsylvania to the Pennsylvania court which decided the issue
of jurisdiction. Hynum raised the exact same challenge to jurisdiction in the Pennsylvania court as he did
in the Forrest County Circuit Court. It is undisputed that the Pennsylvania court had before it Hynum’s
defense of fraud and false statements made by Global. The issue of jurisdiction was completely litigated
in Pennsylvania, and thus the Pennsylvania judgment was valid. Hynum made no attempt to appeal that
judgment.
¶18. Hynum is prevented from relitigating the jurisdictional issue because his collateral attack is
predicated on the same allegations of misrepresentation as asserted before the Pennsylvania court:
The courts of this State are bound to give full faith and credit to a judgment of a sister state.
This rule is subject to the principle that the courts of this State are not required to recognize
the judgment of another state where the judgment was rendered by a court without
jurisdiction or where it has been obtained by extrinsic fraud. This principle is in turn
subject to the limitation that if the court of the state which rendered the
judgment has expressly litigated the jurisdictional question or the matter of
fraud that the determination becomes res judicata on this point and is, itself,
protected by the full faith and credit clause of the Constitution of the United
States, Article IV, § 1. Therefore, a jurisdictional question cannot be
relitigated a second time in another state.
Galbraith & Dickens Aviation Ins. Agency v. Gulf Coast Aircraft Sales, Inc., 396 So.2d 19,
21 (Miss. 1981) (quoting Ratuer v. Hensley, 303 So.2d 41, 44 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1974) (emphasis
added). The Pennsylvania court fully litigated the issue of jurisdiction. Hynum contested the jurisdiction by
entering a special appearance, and he presented his defense before the Pennsylvania court. After the court
entered its judgment in favor of Global, Hynum failed to prosecute an appeal through the Pennsylvania
8
judicial system. He chose to do nothing. As stated previously, once a defendant has elected to contest
jurisdiction, that defendant has agreed to abide by the foreign court’s determination, and res judicata will
apply. Thus, the trial court erred in striking the Pennsylvania judgment from the Forrest County Judgment
Roll and by granting Hynum’s motion for summary judgment.
CONCLUSION
¶19. The Pennsylvania judgment against Hynum is to be given full faith and credit. We reverse the
judgment of the Forrest County Circuit Court, and we remand this case to that court with instruction to re-
enroll the Pennsylvania judgment on the Judgment Roll of Forrest County.
¶20. REVERSED AND REMANDED.
PITTMAN, C.J., SMITH, P.J., WALLER, CARLSON AND GRAVES, JJ.,
CONCUR. McRAE, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED
BY EASLEY, J. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
McRAE, PRESIDING JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
¶21. Once Wayne Hynum entered a special appearance contesting personal jurisdiction, he was
required to do no more before the State of Pennsylvania with regard to Global Oceanic Enterprises
("Global") and Coppola's claims. The majority fails to realize that even under Dep't of Human Servs.
v. Shelnut, 772 So.2d 1041 (Miss. 2000), Hynum is not precluded by res judicata since he made a
"limited purpose" appearance to challenge jurisdiction. He did what we ask litigants to do and that is to
have a trial court make a decision on personal jurisdiction. Later, we make a determination if it was right
or wrong. After the "limited purpose" appearance, he was required to do no more. Once Hynum
challenged personal jurisdiction, he was not required to continue through Pennsylvania's court system
9
through appeals in order to preserve his arguments regarding lack of personal jurisdiction. As such, under
our holding in Galbraith & Dickens Aviation Ins. Agency v. Gulf Coast Aircraft Sales, Inc.,
396 So.2d 19 (Miss. 1981), Hynum is allowed to contest the
jurisdictional issue in this State since he not only preserved the issue by entering a special appearance but
also has a valid argument that the Pennsylvania judgment is void due to lack of personal jurisdiction. The
majority's findings regarding res judicata and Hynum's duty to appeal the Pennsylvania court's decision
regarding personal jurisdiction are in error; and I, therefore, dissent. The learned trial judge got it right.
¶22. First, the majority overlooks several important facts and procedural issues regarding the enrollment
of foreign judgments. The enrollment and enforcement of foreign judgments in Mississippi is governed by
statute. Davis v. Davis, 558 So.2d 814, 816 (Miss. 1990).3 Miss. Code Ann. §§ 11-7-301 through
11-7-309 (Supp. 2002) provides the proper procedure for enrollment of foreign judgments, enforcement
of foreign judgments, and attacks on the enrollment of foreign judgments. A three-step analysis determines
the enforceability of a foreign judgment. 558 So.2d at 817.
¶23. The first step required by the statute is a determination of whether the judgment at issue is a foreign
judgment by definition. Id.; Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-301. Without a doubt, the Pennsylvania default
judgment is a foreign judgment.
¶24. The second step required is a determination of whether the judgment has been properly submitted
for enrollment and enforcement in the Mississippi court. 558 So.2d at 817; Miss. Code Ann. §§ 11-7-303
& 11-7-305. This requirement is also satisfied.
3
See also Magallanes v. Magallanes, 802 So.2d 174, 175 (Miss. Ct. App. 2001).
10
¶25. The third step requires a determination of whether the judgment is entitled to Full Faith and Credit.
558 So.2d at 817; Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-301. This is where the analysis gets tricky. Article IV, § 1
of the United States Constitution requires this State to give full faith and credit to all final judgments of other
states unless: (1) the foreign judgment itself was obtained as a result of some false representation without
which the judgment would not have been rendered; or (2) the rendering court did not have jurisdiction over
the parties or the subject matter. 558 So.2d at 817 (citing Reeves Royalty Co. v. ANG Pump Truck
Service, 513 So.2d 595, 598 (Miss. 1987); Sollitt v. Robertson, 544 So.2d 1378 (Miss. 1989)).
"[E]xtrinsic evidence is admissible in a collateral attack upon a foreign judgment to show that it is void, .
. . and a judgment which is void is subject to collateral attack both in the state in which it is rendered and
in other states." Galbraith & Dickens Aviation, 396 So.2d at 21 (citing Restatement 2nd, Conflict
of Laws, ss 11, p. 69, ss. 12, p. 65 (1942)). In attacking such judgment collaterally, a party may assert
what is known as extrinsic fraud. Davis, 558 So.2d at 818-19. Extrinsic fraud is "fraud which 'enables
a party to procure a judgment he otherwise would not have obtained.' " Id. at 818 (quoting Reeves
Royalty Co., 513 So.2d at 598). In order to present a claim for extrinsic fraud, a party must file an
answer or response to the enrollment of judgment withing twenty (20) days. Id. at 819; Miss. Code Ann.
§ 11-7-305 (3).4
¶26. Applying these principles here, Hynum's claim that Global and Coppola obtained personal
jurisdiction through extrinsic fraud and thereby secured a default judgment which is not entitled to full
faith and credit has merit. All of the facts presented show that Global and Coppola obtained personal
4
See also Magallanes v. Magallanes, 802 So.2d 174, 176 (Miss. Ct. App. 2001).
11
jurisdiction through extrinsic fraud. Hynum was hired in Mississippi to represent them in a pending lawsuit
in Forrest County, Mississippi. Hynum did not travel to Pennsylvania with regard to this
lawsuit and did no other work for the defendants except in this State. The fee agreement
pertaining to the lawsuit was executed in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Before Hynum was even afforded a
hearing in Pennsylvania regarding his claim of lack of personal jurisdiction, Global and Coppola sent a letter
to the trial judge in an attempt to convince him that Hynum indeed had contacts. That letter contained
flagrant misrepresentations regarding Hynum's contacts with Pennsylvania which included: (1) false
statements that the fee agreement was executed in Pennsylvania; (2) false statements regarding Hynum's
meetings with Global representatives in Pennsylvania; and (3) false statements that Hynum traveled to
Pennsylvania to deliver Global's settlement money. Global and Coppola did not deny sending the letter
when questioned about its content in the Forrest County Circuit Court. The circuit judge even asked
Global and Coppola to present sworn affidavits attesting to the truth of the facts asserting in the letter, but
they refused. There can be no doubt that the default judgment entered against Hynum was the result of
extrinsic fraud. Such extrinsic fraud renders the judgment ineligible for enforcement under Full Faith and
Credit Clause. Having followed all the procedures required by statute and rules, Hynum was entitled to
an adjudication of such lack of personal jurisdiction before the Forrest County Circuit Court.
¶27. The majority's application of the doctrine of res judicata is also flawed because it fails to fully
consider the implications of Mississippi statutory law. In addition to the above referenced statutory section,
"[a foreign] judgment so filed has the same effect and is subject to the same procedures, defenses
and proceedings for reopening, vacating or staying as a judgment of a circuit court of
any county in this state and may be enforced or satisfied in like manner, subject to the provisions of
12
Section 15-1-45." Miss. Code Ann. §11-7-303 (emphasis added). In light of this section, it further
provides that "[n]o execution or other process for enforcement of a foreign judgment filed hereunder shall
issue until twenty days after the date the judgment is filed." Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-305(3). We have
interpreted this section to mean that the judgment debtor has twenty days after the entry of judgment to
present a response and/or objection to such entry and present such defenses and procedures which are
provided by Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-303. Davis, 558 So.2d at 819. By statute and judicial
interpretation, a judgment debtor may utilize, by motion within twenty days of entry of the judgment, the
procedures and defenses to set aside a default judgment as provided for in Rules 55(c) & 60(b) of the
Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure. Davis, 558 So.2d at 819; Miss. Code Ann. § 11-7-303; Miss. R.
Civ. P. 55(c), 60(b). Rule 55(c) provides, in relevant part, that "[f]or good cause shown, the court
may set aside an entry of default and, if a judgment by default has been entered, may likewise
set it aside in accordance with Rule 60(b)." Miss. R. Civ. P. 55(c) (emphasis added). Rule 60(b)
provides, in relevant part, that:
On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or his legal
representative from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons:
(1) fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party;
(2) accident or mistake;
(3) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have
been discovered in time to move fr a new trial under Rule 59(b);
(4) the judgment is void;
(5) the judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged, or a prior
judgment upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated,
or it is no longer equitable that the judgment should have prospective
application;
(6) any other reason justifying relief from the judgment.
The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1),
(2), and (3) not more than six months after the judgment, order, or
13
proceeding was entered or taken. . . . This rule does not limit the power
of a court to entertain an independent action to relieve a party from a
judgment, order, or proceeding, or to set aside a judgment for fraud upon
the court.
Miss. R. Civ. P. 60(b) (emphasis added).
¶28. Under the law and rules mentioned above, Hynum followed the proper procedure. The foreign
judgment was filed on June 3, 1999. On June 21, 1999, Hynum entered his Response to the Enrollment
of Judgment and Motion to Strike the Foreign Judgment. This was within the twenty day required period.
Furthermore, he correctly utilized the statutory procedure by presenting those defenses and procedures
which bar the judgments enforcement. The majority incorrectly states that the principles of res judicata
forbid a Mississippi court from reviewing a foreign court's holding regarding personal jurisdiction and
subsequent default judgment entered in a foreign jurisdiction and enrolled for enforcement in this State. By
statute and procedural rules, Hynum was not procedurally barred by res judicata from attacking the
Pennsylvania court's default judgment which was predicated upon the court's finding of personal jurisdiction
as a result of extrinsic fraud. He had every right under the laws of this State to present his position to the
court.
¶29. Furthermore, in finding res judicata, the majority incorrectly relies on Shelnut, which involved a
Canadian judgment for which comity was sought. 772 So.2d at 1044-49. Full faith and credit as between
the states was not even an issue. Additionally, in Shelnut, the Hinds County Chancery Court did address
the Canadian court's assertion of personal jurisdiction over Shelnut. Id. at 1044. Furthermore, the action
in Shelnut which precipitated the appeal to this Court was an action brought by DHS to collect child
support. Id. In this regard, the facts presented here are quite different.
14
¶30. A reading of the precedents on the issues presented, leads to the conclusion that the case most on
point and applicable to the present situation is Galbraith, 396 So.2d 19. In Galbraith, Galbraith &
Dickens Aviation Ins. Agency ("Galbraith") was an Oklahoma corporation, while Gulf Coast Aircraft Sales
("Gulf Coast") was a Mississippi corporation. Id. at 20. Galbraith brought suit in the District Court of
Tulsa, Oklahoma against Gulf Coast seeking recovery of unpaid insurance premiums allegedly due. Id.
Gulf Coast did not file an answer or appear in the Oklahoma suit. Id. The Oklahoma court entered a
default judgment in favor of Galbraith. Id. The district court found that personal jurisdiction existed
because of Galbraith's allegations that Gulf Coast had solicited certain policies for aviation in Oklahoma.
Id. Galbraith filed its declaration in the County Court of Jackson County, Mississippi. Id. Gulf Coast filed
an answer claiming that the Oklahoma court lacked personal jurisdiction therefore the default judgment was
unenforceable. Id. At the county court hearing on the matter it was discovered that Gulf Coast did not
go to Oklahoma to solicit the policies, but Galbraith had in fact come to Mississippi to execute the policies.
Id. The only evidence of a business connection with Oklahoma was the mailing of premium checks and
claims forms to Oklahoma. Id. The county court found that the Oklahoma judgment was obtained through
misrepresentation as to Gulf Coast's solicitation of insurance policies in Oklahoma. Id. In affirming the
county court's ruling, we held that "Gulf Coast was a passive purchaser of insurance from [Galbraith]." Id.
at 23. Under the minimum contacts test, this was not enough to subject Gulf Coast to personal jurisdiction
in the State of Oklahoma. Id. at 21-23.
¶31. The facts here present essentially the same situation as in Galbraith. The fee agreement between
Hynum and Global was executed in Mississippi. The work performed by Hynum on behalf of Global was
15
performed in Mississippi. Hynum never traveled to Pennsylvania to conduct any business relating to his
defense of Global in the Forrest County lawsuit. The contacts between Hynum and Global were by mail
or phone. Global's letter presented to the Pennsylvania trial court contained misrepresentations and
misstatements of fact which induced that trial court to find personal jurisdiction. The reasoning in
Galbraith is directly on point. Since the Pennsylvania trial court's ruling on personal jurisdiction was
based on misrepresentations which amount to extrinsic fraud, the Forrest County Circuit Court correctly
found that the foreign default judgment was not entitled to full faith and credit. The learned trial judge got
it right, and I would affirm.
¶32. For these reasons, I dissent.
EASLEY, J., JOINS THIS OPINION.
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Global Oceanic Enterprises, Inc. v. Wayne Hynum
Combined Opinion