IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2003-CA-02598-SCT
KRISTOPHER SPENCER
v.
STATE FARM MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10/10/2003
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. WINSTON L. KIDD
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: REID STUART BRUCE
BARRY W. GILMER
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: MICHAEL F. MYERS
DENISE C. WESLEY
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - INSURANCE
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 01/20/2005
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE SMITH, C.J., EASLEY AND RANDOLPH, JJ.
EASLEY, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
¶1. Kristopher Spencer (Spencer) was injured when a Rottweiler bit him on the face while
at a public park at the Ross Barnett Reservoir. The dog was owned by Jason Lindsley (Jason),
but it was kept at the home of Jason’s mother, Carolyn Lindsley (Carolyn). Jason had
transported his dog to a public park in the back of his pickup truck. The dog was in the back of
Jason’s pickup truck when it lunged at Spencer. At the time of the incident, Jason’s truck was
not insured. However, Carolyn maintained homeowner’s insurance on her home. Carolyn’s
insurer denied liability. On May 20, 1998, Spencer filed suit against Jason and Carolyn in the
Circuit Court of Madison County, Mississippi.1
¶2. After much litigation, the parties voluntarily agreed to submit the case to binding
arbitration before the Honorable John B. Toney. The parties agreed to cap the maximum
damages that could be awarded in arbitration at $50,000. An arbitration hearing was held on
November 11, 1999. Arbitrator Toney found in Spencer’s favor as to liability and awarded
Spencer $43,500 in damages for medical expenses, doctor fees, pharmacy bills, permanent
disfigurement, pain and suffering, mental anguish and loss of enjoyment of life.2
¶3. On March 3, 1999, Spencer also filed a separate suit against State Farm Mutual
Insurance Company (State Farm) in the County Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds
County, Mississippi. The suit contended that Spencer was entitled to receive the full policy
limits of the uninsured motorist coverage afforded by his parents’ State Farm insurance policy.
Spencer’s parents had in force two uninsured motorist insurance policies issued by State Farm
in the amount of $10,000 each. Spencer contends that he was not made whole by the
arbitration award because out of the proceeds he had to pay his attorney and his attorney’s
1
Jason died intestate on June 22, 1998. His estate was opened in the Chancery
Court of Madison County, Mississippi. Steve Duncan, Chancery Clerk of Madison County,
was appointed by the court to serve as the administrator of the Estate of Jason Patrick
Lindsley, Deceased, for the limited purpose of substituting as the legal representative of the
Estate, a party defendant in the civil action Kristopher Spencer v. Jason Lindsley and
Carolyn Lindsley, Circuit Court of Madison County, Civil Action CI-98-0089.
2
The record excerpt provided by Spencer is missing page 110, the second page of
the arbitration decision that states the amount of the award and the damages. However,
Spencer’s brief contains the information as to the damages, and the Hinds County Court’s final
judgment and order states the amount of the arbitration award as $43,500.
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expenses. That is, in the second suit Spencer seeks to recoup his litigation expenses incurred
in the first suit against Jason and Carolyn.
¶4. On May 1, 2000, subsequent to the arbitration decision, State Farm filed its motion for
summary judgment alleging (1) Spencer was seeking double recovery as he had recovered all
sums that he was entitled to receive and (2) Spencer’s injuries were not caused by an accident
arising out of the operation, maintenance or “use” of an uninsured motor vehicle. Spencer
states in his response to the motion for summary judgment that he had “incurred substantial
litigation expenses prior to prevailing in his separate claims against the tort-feasors.
Accordingly, until he recoups his litigation expenses, he has not been made whole and no
double recovery exists.”3
¶5. Hinds County Court Judge William R. Barnett entered summary judgment in favor of
State Farm on the issue of further recovery. The court stated:
The Court does find merit in State Farm’s argument that the plaintiff’s
collection of $43,500.00 from Jason Lindsley and Carolyn Lindsley pursuant
to an arbitration award in that amount precludes the plaintiff from any further
recovery against State Farm, and the Court therefore finds that State Farm is
entitled to summary judgment.
However, Judge Barnett found that genuine issues of a material fact precluded granting State
Farm summary judgment on the issue of whether the circumstances constituted “use” of an
uninsured motor vehicle.
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In his response to State Farm’s motion for summary judgment, Spencer does not
state the amount of his damages incurred from the dog bite, but he stated that his litigation
costs were $1,828.10 and $17, 400 in attorney’s fees for a total of $19,228.10. Spencer
states that “until he receives the additional sum of Nineteen Thousand Two Hundred Twenty-
Eight Dollars and Ten Cents ($19,228.10), he will not be made whole and will not double
recover.”
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¶6. Spencer filed his notice of appeal to the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of
Hinds County, Mississippi. The Honorable Winston L. Kidd, Circuit Judge, heard the appeal.
The circuit court’s opinion and order stated:
There were two (2) main grounds on which Appellee [State Farm] based it’s [sic]
Motion for Summary Judgment. The first ground was that Appellant [Spencer]
was precluded from any other damage recovery beyond that awarded in
connection with the arbitration. The second ground was based on the
determination of the meaning of the word “use” in the foregoing phrase, “caused
by an accident arising out of the operation, maintenance or use of an uninsured
motor vehicle.”
The Court, after having made a thorough review of the record, and evaluating the
information and documents in accordance with Rule 56 (c ), finds the Appellant
is precluded from any recovery from Appellee based on the herein facts. The
Court further finds that the issue of what constitutes the meaning of the
word “use” is now a moot issue in regards to the herein case.
(emphasis added).
¶7. Spencer now appeals the judgment of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of
Hinds County to this Court. On appeal, Spencer argues that the circuit court erred in affirming
the summary judgment which precluded Spencer from further recovery of uninsured motorist
insurance coverage based on the arbitration award. Spencer further contends that the judgment
of the County Court of Hinds County that summary judgment on the issue of “use” is precluded
due to the existence of genuine issues of material fact is correct. However, State Farm
contends that summary judgment on the issue of “use” of the motor vehicle should have been
granted.
¶8. We affirm the judgment of the trial court granting summary judgment on the issue of
precluding further recovery to Spencer. Therefore, since further recovery is precluded, the
issue of “use” of an uninsured motor vehicle does not need to be considered by the Court.
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ANALYSIS
I. Recovery
¶9. Spencer argues that the trial court erred in precluding him from seeking further relief
from State Farm under his parents’ uninsured motorist insurance policies. In the Lindsley suit,
Spencer voluntarily submitted to binding arbitration and received the full sum awarded by the
arbitrator. The arbitrator determined that $43,500 would compensate Spencer for his injuries.
Spencer claims that he was not made whole by the arbitration since he had to pay his attorney’s
fees and expenses. Spencer acknowledges in his brief “that the well settled law in this State
precludes double recovery.” However, he contends that until he recoups his attorney’s fees
and expenses, he has not been made whole. That is, Spencer seeks to be compensated his
attorney’s fees and expenses on top of his damages by pursuing uninsured motorist funds from
State Farm.
¶10. State Farm asserts that Spencer’s arbitration award was completely satisfied in full, and
Spencer was fully compensated for his damages. State Farm argues “that the $43,500
arbitration award and subsequent dismissal of Lindsley bars the plaintiff from obtaining a
second adjudication of Lindsley’s liability for the purpose of recovering another judgment for
damages incurred in the same incident.” State Farm also states Spencer voluntarily submitted
to binding arbitration against Lindsley for his damages and voluntarily capped his potential
arbitration recovery at $50,000, a fact not disclosed to the arbitrator.
¶11. The circuit court determined that Spencer was precluded from further recovery and
upheld the county court’s decision to grant summary judgment in favor of State Farm. We
agree.
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¶12. In Employers Mut. Cas. Co. v. Tompkins, 490 So.2d 897, 902 (Miss. 1986), this Court
considered whether a claimant could recover more from an uninsured motorist insurance
carrier than the claimant was legally entitled to recover from the uninsured motorist. In
Tompkins, the jury awarded the claimant $500 against the uninsured motorist carrier. Id. On
appeal, this Court reversed the judgment finding that the verdict against the uninsured motorist
carrier was excessive in the amount of $49,500. Id. The Court held that the uninsured
motorist carrier’s liability is limited to the liability of the uninsured motorist.
¶13. Here, the UM statute and the State Farm policy contain similar language. According
to the insurance policy, State Farm’s uninsured motorist coverage only comes into effect if
Lindsley was unable to satisfy his liability for all sums that Spencer is legally entitled to
recover. The insurance policy provides, “[w]e will pay damages for bodily injury an insured
is legally entitled to collect from the owner or driver of an uninsured motor vehicle.”
(Emphasis added). That is not the situation at hand. Spencer’s arbitration award set damages
the amount that he was legally entitled to recover at $43,500. Spencer received full
satisfaction of the $43,500 award. Therefore, Lindsley’s liability was eliminated by the fully
satisfied arbitration award, and Spencer received all that he was legally entitled to recover. To
allow further recovery under the State Farm uninsured motorist coverage would result in
double recovery for Spencer.
¶14. We find that the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of State
Farm. Spencer was successful in receiving his arbitration award of $43,500 in damages for the
injuries he received. The $43,500 award was fully satisfied. Spencer does not dispute this
fact.
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¶15. Furthermore, this Court, in the absence of a contractual provision or statutory authority,
has never approved an award of trial expenses and attorney’s fees to a successful litigant.
Grisham v. Hinton, 490 So.2d 1201, 1205 (Miss. 1986).
¶16. Therefore, we find that Spencer’s assignment of error is without merit.
CONCLUSION
¶17. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial
District of Hinds County is affirmed.
¶18. AFFIRMED.
SMITH, C.J., WALLER AND COBB, P.JJ., CARLSON, GRAVES, DICKINSON
AND RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.
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