Bobby Taylor v. State of Mississippi

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2004-KA-02384-SCT

BOBBY TAYLOR

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 04/21/2004
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. FRANK G. VOLLOR
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: WARREN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: JAMES L. PENLEY, JR.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: JOHN R. HENRY
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: G. GILMORE MARTIN
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 03/22/2007
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE WALLER, P.J., DIAZ AND CARLSON, JJ.

DIAZ, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

Statement of the Case

¶1. Bobby Taylor was convicted of one count of aggravated assault under Miss. Code

Ann. § 97-3-7(2)(a) (Rev. 2006) for pouring a bottle of rubbing alcohol on his girlfriend and

then setting her on fire. While both the defendant and the victim testified that the incident

was purely accidental, the State provided other evidence that substantially contradicted their

testimony. Taylor was found guilty and sentenced to fifteen years in the State’s custody with

the last five years suspended on post-release supervision.
¶2. The defendant had been living in an apartment with his girlfriend, Doris Jackson, for

two years. They had been involved in an on-and-off romantic relationship for roughly nine

years. Though the couple testified that they had not experienced any problems in the past

three years, the State introduced several domestic violence charges that Jackson filed against

the defendant. None of the charges were ever prosecuted and both the defendant and Jackson

denied knowledge of the charges. However, both Jackson and the defendant admitted that

he had hit her in the past. They also admitted that he had once shot her in the hand, though

they both claimed it was an accident.

¶3. On the night of July 16, 2003, Jackson went to the casino where she gambled and

drank for four to five hours. She came back to the apartment where the defendant was

playing dominos with some of his friends. After the defendant refused to give her more

money for gambling, Jackson went to the neighbor’s apartment to drink some more and

watch a movie. When she returned to her apartment, the visitors had left and she was alone

with the defendant. The events that followed are disputed.

¶4. Both the defendant and Jackson gave similar testimony regarding the sequence of

events. Both testified that she was fully clothed and that the defendant had a bottle of

rubbing alcohol and had put “a dab” of the liquid on her hand. They both testified that he

had put alcohol in his hand before and lit it, but that he was always “just playing.” When the

defendant went to answer a knock at the door, he gave Jackson the bottle of alcohol to hold.

She testified that she accidentally spilt the contents of the bottle on her clothes and then

walked out of the bedroom into the hallway. At this point, the defendant was coming back

down the hallway to meet her, and Jackson testified, “[the defendant] was just flicking a

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lighter, and my arm caught afire. Then I just rubbed my shirt, and it caught everywhere else

just by me rubbing my hand.” The defendant then tried to use the bedspread to put out the

fire, but Jackson had to get in the shower to finally extinguish the flames. He then helped her

change clothes and called a friend to drive her to the hospital.

¶5. Upon examination, the local hospital sent Jackson to the Greenwood Burn Center,

where she remained for two weeks. She sustained first and second degree burns over the

front of her body, covering large portions of her face, neck, chest, stomach, and inner thighs.

¶6. The State offered two expert witnesses who testified that the burns were not a result

of an accident. Both experts found that the burn patterns indicated that Jackson was lying

on her back and that someone had poured the alcohol on her. One expert also testified that

the fire started in the bedroom, not in the hallway as both the defendant and the victim

alleged. The evidence indicated that while she was wearing a bra at the time, she could not

have been wearing a shirt or pants as neither article of clothing was damaged. Additionally,

the investigating police officers testified that the bed was still warm and partially damp. The

sheets also were charred, but the defendant claimed that they had been burned six months

earlier, and he could not offer an explanation for why the mattress was scorched.

Issues

¶7. The defendant raises four issues on appeal: (1) whether the court erred in allowing

evidence of prior bad acts; (2) whether the court erred in certifying Leslie Decareaux as an

expert and allowing her to testify; (3) whether the court erred in allowing evidence to be

presented to the jury that the State did not produce in discovery; and (4) whether the verdict

was against the sufficiency of the evidence.

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 Discussion

(1) Whether the Court Erred in Allowing Evidence of Prior Bad Acts.

¶8. The defendant argues that the court erred in allowing the State to admit evidence of

prior acts of domestic violence. The standard of review governing the admissibility of

evidence is whether the trial court abused its discretion. Peterson v. State, 671 So. 2d 647,

655 (Miss.1996) (citing Baine v. State, 606 So. 2d 1076, 1078 (Miss. 1992); Wade v. State,

583 So. 2d 965, 967 (Miss. 1991)). This Court must first determine if the proper legal

standards were applied. Id. at 655-56 (citing Baine, 606 So. 2d at 1078). If the trial court

incorrectly applied the rules of evidence, resulting in prejudice to the accused, then a reversal

is warranted. Id. at 656 (citing Parker v. State, 606 So. 2d 1132, 1137-1138 (Miss. 1992)).

¶9. Before trial, the defendant moved to exclude any evidence of prior acts of violence

against the victim, arguing that they were remote in time and that all charges had been

dismissed. The court ruled that the evidence could be admitted both as impeachment

evidence and as evidence of motive under Rule 404(b). The court also found that any

prejudicial effect was outweighed by the probative value of the evidence because the central

issue of the case was whether the fire was an accident.

¶10. On the stand, Jackson denied that the defendant had ever hurt her before. When asked

about four prior charges which she filed against the defendant, she either denied filing them

or claimed that she could not remember. Jackson also testified that the entire incident at

issue was an accident. As a result, the prosecutor was allowed to introduce four separate

instances in which Jackson had filed domestic violence charges against the defendant, both

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as impeachment evidence and as substantive evidence of motive. These charges were filed

on January 1, 1997; April 15, 1998; May 5, 1998; and September 15, 2000.

¶11. The defendant argues that evidence of these charges was improper character evidence

that should not have been admitted. He cites Levy v. State, 724 So. 2d 405, 408 (Miss. Ct.

App. 1998) for the proposition that “[e]vidence of a prior criminal activity on the part of one

criminally accused is inadmissible where the prior offense has not resulted in a conviction.”

However, Levy goes on to explain that “the State has a ‘legitimate interest in telling a rational

and coherent story of what happened.’ Where substantially necessary to present to the jury

‘the complete story of the crime,’ evidence or testimony may be given though it may reveal

or suggest other crimes.” Id. (citing Brown v. State, 483 So. 2d 328, 330 (Miss.1986)).

Brown was written only a month after the Rules of Evidence came into effect, and Rule

404(b) clearly provides instances where evidence of other crimes may be admissible to

present “the complete story”:

Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the
character of a person in order to show that he acted in conformity therewith.
It may however, be admissible for other purposes such as proof of motive,
opportunity, intent, preparation, plan knowledge, identity, or absence of
mistake or accident.

M.R.E. 404(b).

¶12. Here, the evidence was not admitted to prove that the defendant acted in conformity

with his prior bad acts, but to rebut his allegation that the incident was an accident.

Therefore, the trial judge properly admitted evidence of the prior domestic violence charges

as evidence of motive and absence of accident. See Stallworth v. State, 797 So. 2d 905

(Miss. 2001) (evidence of domestic violence charge relevant to show motive in murder case);

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Kolberg v. State, 829 So. 2d 29 (Miss. 2002) (prior bruising on child’s body relevant to show

absence of accident).

¶13. The defendant also argues that these incidents should not have been admitted at trial

because they were highly prejudicial to the defendant. Rule 403 provides, “[a]lthough

relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the

danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, or misleading the jury, or by

considerations of undue delay, waste of time, or needless presentation of cumulative

evidence.” M.R.E. 403. Because the evidence was highly relevant to show motive and

absence of accident, it cannot be said that the judge abused his discretion in admitting the

prior charges.

¶14. Finally, the defendant argues that the remoteness of the prior acts detracted from their

relevance. The previous domestic violence charges occurred from three to six years prior to

the incident. Again, it cannot be said that the judge abused his discretion in allowing

evidence of the prior bad acts as it was highly relevant to prove motive and absence of

accident.

(2) Whether the Court Erred in Certifying Leslie Decareaux as an Expert and

Allowing Her to Testify.

¶15. The defendant argues that the trial court erred in admitting the expert testimony of

Leslie Decareaux. Decareaux was a fire inspector who investigated the fire and testified

regarding the burn patterns on Jackson’s body. As with other evidence, the standard of

review for the admission or suppression of expert testimony is abuse of discretion. Miss.

Transp. Comm'n v. McLemore, 863 So. 2d 31, 34 (Miss. 2003).

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 Rule 702 governs the admission of expert testimony:
If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier of
fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness
qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education,
may testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise, if (1) the testimony
is based upon sufficient facts or data, (2) the testimony is the product of
reliable principles and methods, and (3) the witness has applied the principles
and methods reliably to the facts of the case.

M.R.E. 702. In this case, the trial judge found that Decareaux met the rule’s requirements.

Before allowing her to testify, the trial court conducted a Daubert hearing and found that she

was qualified to give expert testimony. The court found that because of her training and

experience, Decareaux was able to apply reliable principles and methods to the facts of the

case and offer her expert opinions on the burn pattern.

¶16. The defendant argues that Decareaux should not have been certified as an expert for

several reasons. He argues that she has never been qualified as an expert, that her main areas

of expertise are structure fires, that she had only worked on two or three death cases, that she

was not certified by the International Association of Arson Investigation, and that she

manipulated facts to fit her opinions. First, no prior expert qualification in a court of law is

necessary under Rule 702. Second, her Daubert testimony revealed extensive training in fire

and arson investigation, including a thirteen-year employment with the Vicksburg Fire

Department and various certifications from nationally recognized fire investigation

organizations, including certifications in the field of burn patterns. She further testified that

she had investigated more than 100 fires and that she had been certified as an emergency

medical technician since 1994. Finally, nothing in her testimony suggests that she

manipulated the facts to fit her opinions. Though the defendant claims she stated as fact that

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the comforter was on the bed, the transcript reveals otherwise: “As I testified to earlier, I

can’t be one hundred percent conclusive that it was on the bed.”

¶17. In light of the Daubert hearing and Ms. Decareaux’s training and experience, the trial

judge did not abuse his discretion in allowing her to give expert testimony on the burn

patterns.

(3) Whether the Court Erred in Allowing Evidence to be Presented to the Jury that

the State Did Not Produce in Discovery.

¶18. The defendant argues that the trial court erred by allowing the State to introduce

affidavits from prior charges filed by the victim because these documents had never been

produced by the State. Initially, the trial court sustained the defendant’s objection to the

introduction of the affidavits. However, once Jackson denied filing any charges against the

defendant, the trial court allowed the affidavits to be introduced as impeachment evidence.

¶19. On review, this Court “may reverse a trial judge's ruling regarding discovery issues

only if we find an abuse of discretion.” Conley v. State, 790 So. 2d 773, 782 (Miss. 2001)

(citing Harkins v. Paschall, 348 So. 2d 1019, 1022 (Miss. 1977)). M.R.E. 103 provides that

“error may not be predicated upon a ruling which admits or excludes evidence unless a

substantial right of the party is affected.” This comports with the purpose of Uniform Circuit

and County Court Rule Rule 9.04, which is “to avoid ambush or unfair surprise to either

party at trial.” Le v. State, 913 So. 2d 913, 938 (Miss. 2005) (citing Hunt v. State, 687 So.

2d 1154, 1164 (Miss. 1996)).

Rule 9.04 (A) of the Uniform Circuit and County Court Rules states in part:

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 The prosecution must disclose to each defendant or to defendant's attorney,
and permit the defendant or defendant's attorney to inspect, copy, test, and
photograph upon written request and without the necessity of court order the
following which is in the possession, custody, or control of the State, the
existence of which is known or by the exercise of due diligence may become
known to the prosecution:
....
3. Copy of the criminal record of the defendant, if proposed to be used to
impeach.

Accordingly, the State was required to provide a copy of the defendant’s criminal record to

defense counsel prior to trial.

¶20. U.C.C.C.R. 9.04(I) sets out the procedure trial courts must follow in case of discovery

violations :

If during the course of trial, the prosecution attempts to introduce evidence
which has not been timely disclosed to the defense as required by these rules,
and the defense objects to the introduction for that reason, the court shall act
as follows:
1. Grant the defense a reasonable opportunity to interview the newly
discovered witness, to examine the newly produced documents, photographs
or other evidence; and
2. If, after such opportunity, the defense claims unfair surprise or undue
prejudice and seeks a continuance or mistrial, the court shall, in the interest of
justice and absent unusual circumstances, exclude the evidence or grant a
continuance for a period of time reasonably necessary for the defense to meet
the non-disclosed evidence or grant a mistrial.
3. The court shall not be required to grant either a continuance or mistrial for
such a discovery violation if the prosecution withdraws its efforts to introduce
such evidence.

¶21. Under this rule, the trial court was required to give the defense a reasonable

opportunity to examine the affidavits. However, because the defendant is unable to show

prejudice or that a substantial right was affected, the issue is without merit. The defendant

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argues that although he was aware that testimony of prior acts would be allowed, he was

unaware of the affidavits and the potential of their introduction. The State countered that

these affidavits were discussed at a prior hearing. Although the defendant was represented

by different counsel at trial, trial counsel was provided a transcript from this hearing. The

State argues that because he was provided with a transcript, defense counsel should have

been aware of the affidavits’ contents.

¶22. Neither the affidavits nor the prior hearing are included in the record. However, the

defendant was fully aware that the prior domestic violence charges would be presented at

trial as evidence of motive or absence of accident. Because trial counsel was aware of the

previous charges, he could have easily discovered the contents of the affidavits.

Additionally, it cannot be said from the record before us that the trial judge abused his

discretion in allowing the affidavits to be presented as impeachment evidence.

(4) Whether the Verdict was Contrary to the Sufficiency of the Evidence.

¶23. When reviewing a case for sufficiency of the evidence, “the relevant question is

whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable

doubt.” Bush v. State, 895 So. 2d 836, 843 (Miss. 2005) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443

U.S. 307, 315, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979)). The evidence must show “beyond

a reasonable doubt that accused committed the act charged, and that he did so under such

circumstances that every element of the offense existed; and where the evidence fails to meet

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this test it is insufficient to support a conviction.” Id. (quoting Carr v. State, 208 So. 2d 886,

889 (Miss. 1968)).

¶24. The defendant was convicted under Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-7(2)(a) (Rev. 2006),

which reads “[a] person is guilty of aggravated assault if he attempts to cause serious bodily

injury to another, or causes such injury purposely, knowingly or recklessly under

circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life.” The defendant

argues that the evidence could not support his conviction because even though both experts

agreed that a liquid was poured on the victim, they could not testify as to how the liquid

ignited. The defendant further argues that the ignition could have been accidental and that

neither he nor the victim may “have been aware of all the circumstances surrounding the

incident.”

¶25. It is clear from the record that there was sufficient evidence to support a conviction

of aggravated assault. Although both the defendant and the victim argued the fire was an

accident, the State offered substantial evidence to contradict their testimony. The

defendant’s version of the story is simply not supported by the physical evidence. While the

defendant and the victim testified that she was standing up in the hallway and fully clothed,

the evidence indicates that she was in fact lying down on her back, in the bedroom, and not

wearing her shirt or jeans. Her extensive burns also support a finding that the act was

intentional and further discredit the defendant’s testimony that he only put a “dab” of alcohol

on the victim. Therefore, the State provided sufficient evidence to support the verdict, and

this issue is without merit.

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 Conclusion

¶26. Because none of the issues merit reversal, the conviction and sentence of the Warren

County Circuit Court is affirmed.

¶27. CONVICTION OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULT AND SENTENCE OF
FIFTEEN (15)YEARS WITH TEN (10) YEARS TO SERVE, THE REMAINDER
SUSPENDED, WITH FIVE (5) YEARS POST RELEASE SUPERVISION IN THE
CUSTODY OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, WITH
CONDITIONS, AFFIRMED.

SMITH, C.J., WALLER AND COBB P.JJ., EASLEY, CARLSON, GRAVES,
DICKINSON AND RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR.

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