IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2007-CT-00095-SCT
ZEONIA WILLIAMS, INDIVIDUALLY AND ON
BEHALF OF THE WRONGFUL DEATH HEIRS OF
ANTHONY WILLIAMS, DECEASED
v.
DEBORAH SKELTON, M.D. AND STEVEN J.
PATTERSON, M.D.
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12/13/2006
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. W. SWAN YERGER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HINDS COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: D. L. JONES, JR.
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: KRISTI D. KENNEDY
WHITMAN B. JOHNSON, III
REBECCA LEE WIGGS
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - WRONGFUL DEATH
DISPOSITION: THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF
APPEALS IS AFFIRMED. THE JUDGMENT
OF THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR THE FIRST
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF HINDS COUNTY IS
AFFIRMED AND THIS CASE IS DISMISSED
WITHOUT PREJUDICE - 04/09/2009
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
EN BANC.
CARLSON, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Deborah Skelton, M.D., and Steven J. Patterson, M.D., were sued for medical
negligence as a result of the death of Anthony Williams. After suit was commenced by
Zeonia Williams, individually and on behalf of Anthony Williams’s wrongful-death
beneficiaries, Drs. Skelton and Patterson moved for a dismissal of the case, asserting that
Zeonia Williams had failed to comply with the sixty-day notice requirement under
Mississippi Code Annotated Section 15-1-36(15) (Rev. 2003). In due course, the trial court
granted the motion to dismiss.1 Williams appealed, arguing that, because the defendants
were not served with a copy of the complaint and summons until more than sixty days after
notice of the intention to sue had been received by the defendants, she had complied with the
statutory provisions. Further, Williams asserts that, alternatively, even if the suit was
properly dismissed, she is entitled to refile.2 The Court of Appeals affirmed, and we granted
certiorari only to clarify the manner of dismissal for failure to comply with Section 15-1-
36(15).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. Anthony Williams died on September 24, 2003, while undergoing treatment from Dr.
Deborah Skelton and Dr. Steven J. Patterson. Zeonia Williams (Williams), individually and
on behalf of the wrongful-death beneficiaries of Anthony Williams, retained counsel and
1
In actuality, the trial court granted a traditionally filed motion for summary
judgment, or alternatively, motion to dismiss. We take this opportunity to mention that
whenever such a motion is granted concerning section 15-1-36(15), the trial judge should
grant the alternative motion to dismiss so that the dismissal may be without prejudice, as
discussed, infra.
2
The Court of Appeals did not rule on this issue stating: “Our review of the record
indicates that the trial judge specifically declined to rule within the judgment of dismissal
with regard to the propriety of a subsequent suit. Therefore, without a trial court ruling on
this issue, the matter is not properly before this Court at this time.” Williams v. Skelton,
2008 Miss. App. LEXIS 250, *3, ¶4 n.1 (Miss. Ct. App. Apr. 22, 2008).
2
decided to pursue a wrongful-death claim. On June 15, 2005, Drs. Skelton and Patterson
were notified by letter of Williams’s intent to file suit against them. On July 22, 2005, less
than sixty days later, a complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Hinds County. Process
was served on October 19, 2005, and Drs. Skelton and Patterson timely answered.
Thereafter, Dr. Skelton filed her Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment, and Dr.
Patterson filed his Motion for Summary Judgment or Motion to Dismiss and Joinder in
Defendant Deborah Skelton, M.D.’s Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment. The crux
of these motions was that Williams had failed to comply with the sixty-day-notice
requirement found in Mississippi Code Annotated Section 15-1-36(15) (Rev. 2003).
Williams filed an amended complaint on November 9, 2005. On December 14, 2006, the
Circuit Court for the First Judicial District of Hinds County, Judge W. Swan Yerger
presiding, granted the motions and dismissed Williams’s action for failure to satisfy the
notice requirements of section 15-1-36(15).
¶3. On December 21, 2006, Williams timely appealed, and the case was assigned to the
Court of Appeals. The Court of Appeals affirmed the Hinds County Circuit Court’s
judgment of dismissal on April 22, 2008. Williams v. Skelton, 2008 Miss. App. LEXIS 250
(Miss. Ct. App. Apr. 22, 2008). Williams filed a motion for rehearing, which the Court of
Appeals denied. Williams v. Skelton, 2008 Miss. App. LEXIS 505 (Miss. Ct. App. Aug. 19,
2008). Thus, Williams subsequently filed her petition for writ of certiorari, and this Court
granted the petition on November 12, 2008.
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DISCUSSION
¶4. Before we address the issue which caused us to grant certiorari, we must address an
issue raised for the first time via Williams’s petition for writ of certiorari, whether section
15-1-36(15) is unconstitutional. Stated differently, once the defendants filed in the trial court
their respective motions to dismiss or for summary judgment on the basis of noncompliance
with section 15-1-36(15), Williams, in her separate responses to these motions, failed to raise
the issue of the unconstitutionality of this statute. Since the constitutionality issue was not
raised, the trial judge did not address this issue. After appealing the trial court’s dismissal
of this case, Williams did not assert in her appellate brief that section 15-1-36(15) is
unconstitutional. Since the issue was not before it, the Court of Appeals did not address this
issue. After the Court of Appeals issued a judgment adverse to Williams, she filed a motion
for rehearing, again failing to raise the constitutionality issue. In her petition for writ of
certiorari, Williams for the first time asserted that section 15-1-36(15) was unconstitutional
as to the sixty-day-notice requirement.
¶5. Since the issue of the constitutionality of section 15-1-36(15) was raised for the first
time via her petition for writ of certiorari, Williams, through counsel, filed her Motion
Notifying Attorney General of Challenge to Validity of Statute. Thereafter, Drs. Skelton and
Patterson, through counsel, filed their Response to Petitioners’ Motion Notifying Attorney
General of Challenge to Validity of Statute. The Attorney General filed a Notice of Joinder
in which he joined and adopted, in toto, the arguments of Drs. Skelton and Patterson in
asserting that Williams is procedurally barred from attacking the constitutionality of the
4
statute; and that, alternatively, the unconstitutionality argument is without merit. Finally,
Williams, through counsel, filed her Response to Notice of Joinder of the Attorney General
of Mississippi.
¶6. This Court finds that Williams’s assertion that section 15-1-36(15) is unconstitutional
is procedurally barred because she raises this issue for the first time on appeal, and she did
not give the trial court the opportunity to rule on this issue. In Alexander v. Daniel, 904 So.
2d 172, 183 (Miss. 2005), we stated
We have been consistent in holding that we need not consider matters raised
for the first time on appeal, which practice would have the practical effect of
depriving the trial court of the opportunity to first rule on the issue, so that we
can then review such trial court ruling under the appropriate standard of
review. See, e.g., Triplett v. Mayor & Aldermen of Vicksburg, 758 So. 2d
399, 401 (Miss. 2000) (citing Shaw v. Shaw, 603 So. 2d 287, 292 (Miss.
1992)).
Alexander, 904 So. 2d at 183.
¶7. Turning now to the issue on which we granted certiorari, Mississippi Code Annotated
Section 15-1-36(15) requires that “[n]o action based upon the health care provider's
professional negligence may be begun unless the defendant has been given at least sixty (60)
days' prior written notice of the intention to begin the action.” See Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-
36(15) (Rev. 2003). We agree with the Court of Appeals that this Court “has required strict
compliance with the mandates of Mississippi Code Annotated Section 15-1-36 such that
failure to satisfy the pre-suit notice requirement mandates dismissal of the plaintiff’s
complaint.” Williams, 2008 Miss. App. LEXIS 250 at *4, ¶5 (citations omitted). We thus
affirm the Court of Appeals’ judgment in today’s case. It must be clarified, however, that
5
dismissal for failure to provide notice under this statute ordinarily should be without
prejudice. Arceo v. Tolliver, 949 So. 2d 691, 698 (Miss. 2006). Williams’s complaint
should have been dismissed without prejudice for her failure to comply with the pre-suit
requirements. Additionally, we note that while the trial court did not use the words “without
prejudice” in its judgment of dismissal, the trial court did state in its judgment, inter alia, that
“any subsequent suit being filed in this Court by [Williams] arising from the death of
Anthony Williams must have attached to it a copy of this Judgment of Dismissal . . . .”
CONCLUSION
¶8. Although we affirm the trial court and the Court of Appeals, we granted certiorari to
reiterate that dismissal for failure to comply with the pre-suit requirements of Mississippi
Code Annotated Section 15-1-36 should be without prejudice.
¶9. THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF APPEALS IS AFFIRMED. THE
JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR THE FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
OF HINDS COUNTY IS AFFIRMED AND THIS CASE IS DISMISSED WITHOUT
PREJUDICE.
WALLER, C.J., DICKINSON, RANDOLPH, LAMAR AND PIERCE, JJ.,
CONCUR. GRAVES, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION
JOINED BY KITCHENS, J. KITCHENS, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY GRAVES, P.J. CHANDLER, J., NOT
PARTICIPATING.
GRAVES, PRESIDING JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
¶10. The majority opinion indicates that certiorari was granted “only to clarify the manner
of dismissal for failure to comply with Section 15-1-36(15).” However, there is no order or
anything else which indicates that certiorari was granted solely for that purpose. Because I
6
would find that Mississippi Code Annotated section 15-1-36(15) is unconstitutional or,
alternatively, only requires substantial compliance, I respectfully dissent. Moreover, I write
to reiterate my opinion on this issue as previously set out in Thomas v. Warden, 2008 Miss.
LEXIS 600 (Dec. 11, 2008), reh’g denied (Feb. 12, 2009), and Arceo v. Tolliver, 949 So. 2d
691 (Miss. 2006).
¶11. Section 15-1-36(15), states:
No action based upon the health care provider’s professional negligence
may be begun unless the defendant has been given at least sixty (60) days’
prior written notice of the intention to begin the action. No particular form of
notice is required, but it shall notify the defendant of the legal basis of the
claim and the type of loss sustained, including with specificity the nature of the
injuries suffered. If the notice is served within sixty (60) days prior to the
expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, the time for the
commencement of the action shall be extended sixty (60) days from the service
of the notice for said health care providers and others. This subsection shall
not be applicable with respect to any defendant whose name is unknown to the
plaintiff at the time of filing the complaint and who is identified therein by a
fictitious name.
Miss. Code Ann. §15-1-36(15) (Rev. 2003).
¶12. In Arceo, this Court found that Section 15-1-36(15) should be strictly construed and
that Tolliver’s claim should have been dismissed because no notice was provided under the
statute. Arceo v. Tolliver, 949 So. 2d 691. However, this Court further found that the
constitutionality of this section was not raised on appeal and it was therefore not addressed.
Arceo v. Tolliver, 949 So. 2d 691. Arceo is distinguishable because, in the instant case, the
constitutionality of the section has been raised.
7
¶13. Williams asserts that Mississippi Code Annotated section 15-1-36(15) is
unconstitutional. Specifically, Williams asserts that 15-1-36(15) conflicts with Rule 3 of the
Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, which governs the commencement of civil actions and
requires only that a complaint be filed with the appropriate court.
¶14. “[T]he inherent power of this Court to promulgate procedural rules emanates from the
fundamental constitutional concept of the separation of powers and the vesting of judicial
powers in the courts.” Claypool v. Mladineo, 724 So. 2d 373, 380 (Miss. 1998). See also
Newell v. State, 308 So. 2d 71, 76 (Miss. 1975). Section 144 of the Mississippi Constitution
says: “The judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court and such other courts as
are provided for in this Constitution.” Miss. Const. art. 6, § 144. There is no notice requirement
in the judicial rules.
¶15. Section 15-1-36(15) conflicts with section 24 of article six of the Mississippi
Constitution, which guarantees “[a]ll courts shall be open . . . and justice shall be
administered without sale, denial, or delay,” because the sixty-day notice requirement
impedes or delays citizens’ access to courts.3 A statute requiring a party to wait sixty days
after providing notice constitutes a delay. Further, Williams has a First Amendment right to
seek a redress of her grievances in a court of law. U.S. Const. amend. I.
3
Miss. Const. art. 3, §24.
8
¶16. I would find that section 15-1-36(15) is a procedural statute requiring sixty days’
notice and that this Court’s finding in Wimley v. Reid, 991 So. 2d 135 (Miss. 2008), as to
section 11-1-58, is likewise applicable here. In Wimley, this Court found:
[W]e are unable to ignore the constitutional imperative that the Legislature
refrain from promulgating procedural statutes which require dismissal of a
complaint, and particularly a complaint filed in full compliance with the
Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure. We find Section 11-1-58's requirement
that a complaint be accompanied by a certificate or waiver to be just such a
procedural statute.
Id. at 138.
¶17. Further, the dissent in Arceo correctly addressed the implications of section 15-1-
36(15):
The law, as interpreted by the majority, definitely is not in keeping with
this principle [of freedom of access to the courts], but is in fact irrational,
illogical, and unfair to those Mississippians seeking a redress of their
grievance in a medical malpractice claim. Furthermore, the application of the
pre-suit notice requirement, as interpreted by the majority, unnecessarily
restricts access to the courts. The constitutional right of notice to the
defendants was satisfied when Myrtis Tolliver filed her complaint. The
implementation and enforcement of an additional notice requirement, without
any other method to cure, is inequitable, unconstitutional, and deprives this
plaintiff of her day in court.
Arceo, 949 So. 2d at 699, 700 (Graves, J., dissenting).
¶18. For these reasons, I find that section 15-1-36(15) is unconstitutional. However,
assuming arguendo that the statute is constitutional, then substantial compliance is the
appropriate standard.
¶19. Williams asserts that she complied with the notice provision, because the defendants
were not served with the complaint until more than sixty days after they had received notice
9
of her intention to sue. Williams further asserts that she filed an amended complaint more
than sixty days after the notice of her intention to sue.
¶20. In Arceo, this Court said specifically, as to strict versus substantial compliance:
However, with all due respect to the dissent, today’s case does not involve a
question of whether the plaintiff complied with section 15-1-36(15) by
submitting a notice containing information which was substantial enough to
be in compliance with the statute . . . . Instead, we are squarely confronted with
a situation where the plaintiff, in filing an original complaint, a first amended
complaint, and a second amended complaint, wholly failed to submit any
notice required by the statute.
Arceo, 949 So. 2d at 697.
¶21. In the instant case, notice was provided, thus allowing an inquiry of whether such
notice substantially complied with the requirements of the statute.
¶22. Based on the language quoted herein from Arceo regarding substantial compliance,
the wording of the statute and the fact that, here, notice was indeed provided, Williams
substantially complied.
¶23. For the reasons stated herein, I would find that this matter should be reversed and
remanded to the trial court. Therefore, I respectfully dissent.
KITCHENS, J., JOINS THIS OPINION.
KITCHENS, JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
¶24. Although I fully concur with Presiding Justice Graves’s excellent dissent, I write
separately to express my concern with the majority opinion’s language that “dismissal for
failure to provide notice under this statute ordinarily should be without prejudice.”
(Emphasis added.) This statement suggests that there may be cases in which failure to
10
comply strictly with the pre-suit notice requirement of Section 15-1-36(15) would require
dismissal with prejudice. Because I can imagine no circumstances that would warrant the
irrevocable termination of what could be a meritorious civil claim for failure to jump through
an innocuous procedural hoop, I respectfully dissent.
GRAVES, P.J., JOINS THIS OPINION.
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Zeonia Williams v. Deborah Skelton
Combined Opinion