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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 12-12910
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 1:04-cv-00030-WLS
MARY THOMAS,
in her individual capacity as spouse of Fernandez
Thomas and as next friend of Fernandez Thomas, Jr., and
Deonte’ Thomas,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
EARLY COUNTY, GA,
JIMMIE MURKERSON,
individually and in his official capacity as Sheriff
of Early County, Georgia,
TIMOTHY HARDRICK,
DONALD SKIPPER,
WILLIAM PRICE,
individually and in their official capacity as law
enforcement officers, et al.,
Defendants - Appellees.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Georgia
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(April 29, 2013)
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Before MARCUS, WILSON and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Appellant Chevene B. King, Jr. appeals from the final order of the district
court awarding attorneys’ fee award to Defendants-Appellees Early County et al.
In the underlying wrongful death case, Thomas v. Early County, Ga., 360 F. App’x
71 (11th Cir. 2010), this Court held that Plaintiffs Mary Thomas et al. and/or their
lawyer, King, had violated Fed. R. Civ. P. 11, “because Plaintiffs’ complaints had
no colorable basis in law or fact and Plaintiffs’ attorney should have known that.”
Id. at 75. We then “remand[ed] the case to the district court for its determination
of the amount of attorney’s fees and expenses to be awarded [Early County] as
sanctions under Rule 11,” and left “to the district court a determination whether the
fees and costs should be assessed against Plaintiffs, Plaintiffs’ lawyer, or both.” Id.
at 77. On remand, the district court ordered lawyer King to pay $94,415.81 in
sanctions. In this appeal, King argues that the district court abused its discretion
by: (1) failing to consider King’s ability to pay the award of Rule 11 sanctions; (2)
basing the amount of sanctions on clearly erroneous findings of fact; and (3)
partially basing the amount of sanctions on conduct that was not sanctionable.
After careful review, we affirm.
We review an order awarding Rule 11 attorneys’ fees for abuse of discretion.
McGregor v. Board of Comm’rs, 956 F.2d 1017, 1022 (11th Cir.1992).
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Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11(b) provides that “[b]y presenting to the
court a pleading, written motion, or other paper[,] . . . an attorney or unrepresented
party” certifies to the best of his knowledge that: (1) the pleading is not being
presented for an improper purpose; (2) the “legal contentions are warranted by
existing law or by a nonfrivolous argument” to change existing law; and (3) “the
factual contentions have evidentiary support or . . . will likely have evidentiary
support after . . . discovery.” Once the court determines that Rule 11(b) has been
violated, the court “may impose an appropriate sanction” on the offending party
based on a motion filed by the non-offending party. Fed.R.Civ.P. 11(c).
“The purpose of Rule 11 sanctions is to reduce frivolous claims, defenses, or
motions, and to deter costly meritless maneuvers.” Kaplan v. DaimlerChrysler,
A.G., 331 F.3d 1251, 1255 (11th Cir. 2003) (quotation omitted). “[T]he selection
of the type of sanction to be imposed lies with the district court’s sound exercise of
discretion.” Riccard v. Prudential Ins. Co., 307 F.3d 1277, 1295 (11th Cir. 2002).
However, the court’s discretion to impose sanctions is not unrestricted, in that the
sanction “must be limited to what suffices to deter repetition of the conduct or
comparable conduct by others similarly situated.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 11(c)(4).
Likewise, “[t]he conduct and resources of the party to be sanctioned are relevant to
the determination of the amount of sanctions to be imposed.” Baker v. Alderman,
158 F.3d 516, 528 (11th Cir. 1998). Specifically, we should consider the following
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factors in determining an appropriate sanction: (1) “[w]hether the improper
conduct was willful, or negligent”; (2) “whether it was part of a pattern of activity,
or an isolated event”; (3) “whether it infected the entire pleading, or only one
particular count or defense”; (4) “whether the person has engaged in similar
conduct in other litigation”; (5) “whether it was intended to injure”; (6) “what
effect it had on the litigation process in time or expense”; (7) “whether the
responsible person is trained in the law”; (8) “what amount, given the financial
resources of the responsible person, is needed to deter that person from repetition
in the same case”; and (9) “what amount is needed to deter similar activity by other
litigants.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 11, advisory committee notes (1993 Amendments).
First, we are unpersuaded by King’s claim that the district court abused its
discretion in failing to consider King’s ability to pay the amount of the award. As
the record shows, the district court expressly considered King’s financial condition
when it said:
Throughout his Memorandum, Plaintiff’s counsel requests that the court use
its discretion to impose an “appropriate sanction,” and take into
consideration the current difficult economic times, the small nature of
Plaintiff’s attorney’s law practice, and Plaintiff’s limited resources.
...
In order to comply with the decision of the Eleventh Circuit, the Court has
carefully considered the parties’ submissions and the chronology of this
action.
Dist. Ct. Order at 5-6, 9. Thus, there is no merit to King’s claim.
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We also reject King’s argument that the district court abused its discretion
by determining the amount of sanctions based upon clearly erroneous findings of
fact. Specifically, he claims that when the district court was choosing the kind of
Rule 11 sanction to use, it noted how important deterrence was to Rule 11, and
especially in this case, since the Plaintiffs had re-filed a second, identical wrongful
death action after the Eleventh Circuit had issued its remand order finding
Plaintiffs’ case frivolous under Rule 11. Because, according to the record,
Plaintiffs actually re-filed the second case before the Eleventh Circuit opinion was
issued, King says that the district court clearly erred in making this factual finding
and therefore abused its discretion in selecting the amount of sanctions to award.
Under our case law, “[a]n abuse of discretion occurs if the judge fails to
apply the proper legal standard or to follow proper procedures in making the
determination, or bases an award upon findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.”
In re Red Carpet Corp. of Panama City Beach, 902 F.2d 883, 890 (11th Cir. 1990)
(emphasis added). The record here reflects that the district court may have
mistakenly suggested that the case was filed after the Eleventh Circuit remand
order, which deemed Plaintiffs’ case frivolous and held that “Plaintiffs’ complaints
had no colorable basis in law or fact and Plaintiffs’ attorney should have known
that.” 360 F. App’x at 75. Yet even though Plaintiffs may have filed their second,
identical action before the Eleventh Circuit remand, the action was not dismissed
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until a year after the Eleventh Circuit’s order was issued. Thus, any concerns the
district court had about deterrence in this case remained the same: Plaintiffs were
on notice of the frivolity of their claims, but they nevertheless maintained these
claims in the second action for a full year, during which time they filed motions
and discovery. Further, as the district court noted, deterrence was a particular issue
here because the district court had agreed to dismiss the first action without
prejudice, in part because Plaintiffs’ counsel had assured the court that it would not
re-file the case in federal court, but rather, in state court. But King re-filed in
federal court anyway.
In short, on this record, whether Plaintiffs filed their second case before or
after the Eleventh Circuit remand order is irrelevant. The fact remains that even
though the Eleventh Circuit notified the Plaintiffs that their case was frivolous,
Plaintiffs were not deterred. They continued to press their claims for a full year
after the Eleventh Circuit order. For this reason, we cannot say that the district
court’s decision to award monetary Rule 11 sanctions in this case was based on
any clearly erroneous factual findings, and therefore, nor can we say that it abused
its discretion in this regard.
Finally, we find no merit to King’s claim that the district court abused its
discretion by partially basing the amount of sanctions on conduct that was not
sanctionable. He says that Early County’s original motion for Rule 11 sanction
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was served on June 15, 2007, when the second amended complaint was pending,
and thus that all of their filings before that time were not frivolous. However,
although Early County’s motion for sanctions was served during the pendency of
Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint, Early County argued in its motion that
“Plaintiffs initial complaint in this cause was frivolous, unreasonable, groundless
and lacking in any colorable factual or legal basis.” (Emphasis added.)
Furthermore, in the remand order, this Court held that: (1) “the claims brought
against Early County and the other Defendants in their official capacities were not
legally cognizable at the time the original complaint was filed”; (2) “Defendants
incurred attorney’s fees and costs in bringing two motions to dismiss these claims
[original and first amended complaints] that were futile when pleaded”; (3)
“Defendants incurred fees and costs in continuing to litigate, through three
complaints, almost four years, and the filing of a summary judgment motion,
claims that Plaintiffs have not supported with any evidence”; and (4) “Plaintiffs
should have known at the time they filed the first complaint that there was no
support for many of the factual allegations upon which their claims rested.” 360 F.
App’x at 75-76. Thus, any suggestion that Plaintiffs did not violate Rule 11 until
they filed the second amended complaint is foreclosed by this Court’s order, where
we clearly found that all of Plaintiffs’ complaints to date had been frivolous.
AFFIRMED.
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