FILED
United States Court of Appeals
Tenth Circuit
May 17, 2013
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
TENTH CIRCUIT
ERIC WATKINS,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 13-6040
LIEUTENANT ROGERS, (D.C. 5:12-CV-00298-C)
(W. D. Okla.)
Defendant-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, ANDERSON and TYMKOVICH, Circuit
Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination
of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is,
therefore, submitted without oral argument.
Eric Watkins, a former federal prisoner, appeals pro se from the district
*
This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the
doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited,
however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th
Cir. R. 32.1.
court’s dismissal of his civil rights action filed pursuant to Bivens v. Six
Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388
(1971). Watkins alleged that Lieutenant Rogers violated his constitutional rights
while Watkins was a federal prisoner in Oklahoma. Exercising our jurisdiction
pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of
Watkins’s complaint.
I
On September 4, 2009, Eric Watkins was placed in transit from Beaumont
Federal Correctional Complex Medium to Oklahoma Federal Transfer Center
(OFTC). When he arrived at the OFTC, Watkins requested a religious diet,
indicating in his inmate intake documents that he was a common fare religious
dietary recipient of the Bureau of Prisons. At dinner, Watkins was told by
serving staff that he would not receive his requested religious dietary meals until
noon the next day. Watkins then requested the alternative vegetarian dietary
meal, but the serving staff denied his request because Watkins was “not on the
list” for that meal. R., Vol. 1 at 10. The lieutenant who was on duty, however,
ordered that Watkins be served a vegetarian meal and confirmed that Watkins
would begin to receive his religious dietary meals beginning at noon the next day.
The next day, September 5, 2009, Watkins was served a vegetarian meal for
breakfast. Watkins was again served a vegetarian meal for lunch. The serving
correctional officer told Watkins that he would begin to receive common fare
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religious dietary meals starting at dinner that day. At dinner, Watkins was served
a regular general population dietary meal which he refused, and Watkins
requested to speak to a lieutenant. Lieutenant Rogers, with whom Watkins
described as having had “a history of not getting along,” arrived on the scene. Id.
at 12. Lieutenant Rogers refused to serve Watkins a common fare dietary
religious meal and refused Watkins’s request for an alternative vegetarian meal.
Instead, Lieutenant Rogers told Watkins that he must eat the regular general
population meal that was given to him. Due to his religious beliefs, Watkins ate
nothing at dinner on September 5.
Watkins brought a Bivens action against Lieutenant Rogers in his
individual capacity, arguing that Lieutenant Rogers willfully and intentionally
violated his First, Fifth, and Eighth Amendment rights. In his complaint, Watkins
alleged that Lieutenant Rogers discriminated against him and denied him the right
to practice his religious dietary beliefs. Watkins claimed that other similarly-
situated inmates, some who had arrived at the OFTC at the same time that
Watkins did, were served common fare dietary religious meals. Watkins sought
damages in the amount of $50,000 from Lieutenant Rogers.
The case was referred to a magistrate judge, who, pursuant to the court’s
screening function for in forma pauperis (ifp) cases under 28 U.S.C. §
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1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), 1 recommended that the action be dismissed sua sponte for
failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. Watkins filed an
objection to the magistrate judge’s recommendation. On December 20, 2012, the
district court adopted the magistrate judge’s order and dismissed Watkins’s
complaint without prejudice. Watkins appeals the district court’s dismissal,
arguing that Lieutenant Rogers violated his First and Eighth Amendment rights
when Lieutenant Rogers deprived him of a religious meal. The district court also
denied Watkins’s request to proceed ifp, and Watkins filed a motion with this
court to proceed ifp.
II
We review the district court’s dismissal of Watkins’s complaint de novo,
applying “the same standard of review for dismissals under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)
that we employ for Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) motions to dismiss
for failure to state a claim.” Kay v. Bemis, 500 F.3d 1214, 1217 (10th Cir. 2007).
The complaint must present “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). “A
claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows
the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the
1
“Notwithstanding any filing fee, or any portion thereof, that may have
been paid, the court shall dismiss the case at any time if the court determines that
. . . the action or appeal . . . fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted.”
28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii).
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misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Because
Watkins proceeds pro se, we liberally construe his filings but “we do not ‘assume
the role of advocate.’” Yang v. Archuleta, 525 F.3d 925, 927 n.1 (10th Cir. 2008)
(quoting Ledbetter v. City of Topeka, Kan., 318 F.3d 1183, 1187-88 (10th Cir.
2003)).
Watkins alleges that Lieutenant Rogers violated his First Amendment right
to practice his religious belief in prison and his Eighth Amendment right not to be
subject to cruel and unusual punishment. 2 “[W]hen a prison regulation impinges
on inmates’ constitutional rights, the regulation is valid if it is reasonably related
to legitimate penological interests.” Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89 (1987). In
order to state a claim that Lieutenant Rogers violated his First Amendment right
to free exercise of religion, Watkins must demonstrate that Lieutenant Rogers
“‘substantially burdened [his] sincerely-held religious beliefs.’” Kay, 500 F.3d at
1218 (quoting Boles v. Neet, 486 F.3d 1177, 1182 (10th Cir. 2007)). This court
has recognized that “an inmate’s right to free exercise of religion includes the
right to a diet that conforms with their religious beliefs.” Gallagher v. Shelton,
2
Although Watkins alleged in his complaint that Lieutenant Rogers
violated his Fifth Amendment rights, Watkins does not make this claim in his
appellate brief before this court. Consequently, we deem his Fifth Amendment
claim waived on appeal. See, e.g., United States v. Pablo, 696 F.3d 1280, 1299
n.21 (10th Cir. 2012) (declining to address arguments not properly raised in the
appellant’s opening brief); Reedy v. Werholtz, 660 F.3d 1270, 1274 (10th Cir.
2011) (“[S]ome issues raised below are not mentioned in the opening brief, much
less argued, and are therefore abandoned.”).
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587 F.3d 1063, 1070 (10th Cir. 2009) (citing Beerheide v. Suthers, 286 F.3d
1179, 1185 (10th Cir. 2002)). However, isolated, negligent violations are
insufficient to support a constitutional violation. Id. (holding that plaintiff failed
to state a claim upon which relief can be granted when plaintiff “alleged a single
violation of his kosher diet, not a prison policy”).
Here, Watkins alleges a single, isolated incident where he was not provided
a meal that complied with his religious dietary requirements. Taking Watkins’s
allegations as true, Lieutenant Rogers’s involvement in this incident was that he
refused to provide Watkins with an alternative vegetarian dinner. Watkins does
not allege that Lieutenant Rogers was responsible for the failure of OFTC to
provide Watkins with religious dietary meals, nor does he allege that Lieutenant
Rogers instituted a policy of denying inmates their requested religious dietary
meals. We conclude that Watkins’s complaint was not sufficient to demonstrate a
First Amendment violation.
Regarding Watkins’s Eighth Amendment claim, the Supreme Court has
stated that conditions of incarceration “must not involve the wanton and
unnecessary infliction of pain, nor may they be grossly disproportionate to the
severity of the crime warranting imprisonment.” Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S.
337, 347 (1981). As we held in LaFevers v. Saffle, 936 F.2d 1117 (10th Cir.
1991), “the mere denial of a requested [religious] diet is insufficient to establish a
cognizable Eighth Amendment claim.” Id. at 1120 (quotation omitted). See also
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McEachin v. McGuinnis, 357 F.3d 197, 199 (2d Cir. 2004) (holding that the
inmate’s Eighth Amendment rights were not violated when he was subjected to a
week-long restricted diet that violated his religious beliefs). We conclude that a
single violation of Watkins’s religious diet is not sufficient to demonstrate an
Eighth Amendment violation.
III
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of Watkins’s
complaint. Watkins’s motion to proceed ifp is DENIED, and he is to pay the full
amount of the filing fees immediately.
Entered for the Court
Mary Beck Briscoe
Chief Judge
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