FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION MAY 16 2013
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
PETER SAVAGE; CLIFF PUCKETT; V. No. 12-35727
MICHAEL WALLACE; GABRIEL
TRIPLETT, D.C. No. 3:12-CV-01317-HZ
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
MEMORANDUM *
v.
DOUG TWEEDY; NORTHWEST
PACIFIC REGIONAL COUNCIL OF
CARPENTERS; UNITED
BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS
AND JOINERS OF AMERICA,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Oregon
Marco A. Hernandez, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted April 8, 2013
Seattle, Washington
Before: D.W. NELSON, TASHIMA, and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Plaintiffs Peter Savage, Cliff Puckett, Michael Wallace, and Gabriel Triplett
appeal the district court’s denial of their motion for a preliminary injunction in
their suit under the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
(“LMRDA”). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1). We review for
an abuse of discretion the district court’s denial of a preliminary injunction.
Melendres v. Arpaio, 695 F.3d 990, 999 (9th Cir. 2012). The district court’s
interpretation of the law, however, is subject to de novo review, and a district court
abuses its discretion when it makes an error of law. Bay Area Addiction Research
& Treatment, Inc. v. City of Antioch, 179 F.3d 725, 730 (9th Cir. 1999). Because
we conclude that the district court made two legal errors, we reverse.
1. The district court abused its discretion when it concluded that Appellants did
not demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits because they “fail[ed] to
establish that the charges brought against them were based on their ‘free speech.’”
Section 101(a)(2) of the LMRDA protects, inter alia, the rights “to meet and
assemble freely” and “to express any views, arguments, or opinions.” 29 U.S.C.
§ 411(a)(2). The union rules Appellants were charged with violating clearly
“partially interfere[d]” with these interests because they purported to regulate the
time, place, and manner in which candidates for union office could engage in
2
protected campaign activity. United Steelworkers of Am., AFL-CIO-CLC v.
Sadlowski, 457 U.S. 102, 112 (1982).
There is no doubt that the United Brotherhood of Carpenters (“UBC”) or the
Local could “adopt and enforce reasonable rules” regarding candidates’ phone
banking and access to the Local’s membership lists. 29 U.S.C. § 411(a)(2). We
find, however, that Appellants have shown a likelihood of success on the merits
because the regulations Appellants were disciplined for violating were not
“established” at the time Appellants conducted the phone bank. Id. The UBC
Constitution requires Locals and Councils to permit candidates for union office to
examine the membership list once prior to an election, but it does not purport to
regulate the electioneering conduct of candidates or their supporters. Nor does any
established rule in the UBC Constitution or elsewhere require that candidates invite
their opponents to participate in their campaign activity.
2. The district court also abused its discretion by concluding that Appellants
would not suffer irreparable harm without injunctive relief. The district court
focused narrowly on the fact that, because the UBC stayed Appellants’ discipline,
they could participate in the August 2012 Regional Council election in which
Savage was a candidate. But the harm to the Appellants went well beyond their
ability to participate or not participate in that election. Puckett and Wallace faced
3
removal from their positions as delegates following the election, a harm for which
money damages are an inadequate remedy. See Kupau v. Yamamoto, 622 F.2d 449,
457 (9th Cir. 1980). Savage’s candidacy for Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the
Regional Council was undermined by the fact that he would be immediately
removed from office if he won. And, most importantly, the discipline chilled the
speech of both Appellants and their supporters, which constitutes irreparable harm
in itself. See Sheet Metal Workers’ Int’l Ass’n v. Lynn, 488 U.S. 347, 354–55
(1989) (“[I]he potential chilling effect on Title I free speech rights is more
pronounced when elected officials are discharged. Not only is the fired official
likely to be chilled in the exercise of his own free speech rights, but so are the
members who voted for him.”).
3. In light of Appellants’ probable success on the merits, we find both that the
balance of the equities tips in their favor and that an injunction is in the public
interest. See Winter v. NRDC, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). Union members’ rights
under the LMRDA “deserve[] vigorous protection.” Sadlowski, 457 U.S. at 112.
While these individual rights must be balanced against unions’ interest in “self-
government,” id. at 117, the gravity of the UBC’s interests is undermined by the
fact that it did not enforce existing rules, but rather sought to impose ex post facto
4
restrictions on Appellants’ conduct. Under these circumstances, both the balance of
the equities and the public interest favor injunctive relief.
REVERSED and REMANDED with instructions to grant the motion for
preliminary injunction.
5
FILED
Savage v. Tweedy, No. 12-35727 MAY 16 2013
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
CALLAHAN, Circuit Judge, concurring in part and dissenting in part: U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS
I agree with the majority that the district court abused its discretion in
concluding that Appellants were unlikely to suffer irreparable harm absent an
injunction. I dissent, however, from the remainder of the majority’s decision. I
would hold that the district court acted within its discretion in determining that
Appellants failed to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits.
The majority’s conclusion is based on its finding that the union rules
Appellants were disciplined for violating were not established at the time the phone
bank was conducted. However, members and officials of the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters (“UBC”), as well as the UBC’s national appeals committee,
consistently determined Appellants’ conduct violated the UBC constitution. The
UBC’s construction of its own constitution is entitled to broad deference to avoid
unnecessary interference in its internal affairs. Local 1052 of United Broth. of
Carpenters & Joiners v. Los Angeles Cnty. Dist. Council of Carpenters, 944 F.2d
610, 613 (9th Cir. 1991). Accordingly, I cannot say that the district court abused
its discretion by deferring to that interpretation.