DECISION AND ENTRY ADOPTING REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE (DOC. #17) IN THEIR ENTIRETY; PLAINTIFF’S OBJECTIONS TO SAID JUDICIAL FILING (DOC. # 18) OVERRULED; JUDGMENT TO BE ENTERED IN FAVOR OF DEFENDANT COMMISSIONER AND AGAINST PLAINTIFF, AFFIRMING COMMISSIONER’S DECISION THAT PLAINTIFF WAS NOT DISABLED AND, THEREFORE, NOT ENTITLED TO BENEFITS UNDER THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT; TERMINATION ENTRY
WALTER HERBERT RICE, District Judge.Plaintiff has brought this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) to review a decision of the Defendant Commissioner denying Plaintiffs application for Social Security disability benefits. On January 24, 2012, the United States Magistrate Judge filed a Report and Recommendations (Doc. # 17), recommending that the Commissioner’s decision that Plaintiff was not disabled and, therefore, not entitled to benefits under the Social Security Act be affirmed. Based upon reasoning and citations of authority set forth in the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendations (Doc. # 17), as well as upon a thorough de novo review of this Court’s file, including the Administrative Transcript (filed with Defendant’s Answer at Doc. # 6), and a thorough review of the applicable law, this Court adopts the aforesaid Report and Recommendations in their entirety and, in so doing, orders the entry of judgment in favor of the Defendant Commissioner and against the Plaintiff, concluding that the Commissioner’s decision that Plaintiff was not disabled and, therefore, not entitled to benefits under the Social Security Act was supported by substantial evidence. The Plaintiffs Objections to said judicial filing (Doc. # 18) are overruled. Accordingly, the decision of the Defendant Commissioner that Plaintiff was not disabled and, therefore, not entitled to benefits under the Social Security Act, is affirmed.
In reviewing the Commissioner’s decision, the Magistrate’s task is to determine if that decision is supported by “substantial evidence.” 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C), this Court, upon objections being made to the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendations, is required to make a de novo review of those recommendations of the report to which objection is made. This de novo review, in turn, requires this Court to re-examine all the relevant evidence, previously reviewed by the Magistrate, to determine whether the findings of the Secretary [now Commissioner] are supported by “substantial evidence.” Lashley v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 708 F.2d 1048, 1053 (6th Cir.1983); Gibson v. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, 678 F.2d 653, 654 (6th Cir.1982). This Court’s sole function is to determine whether the record as a whole contains substantial evidence to support the Commissioner’s decision. The Commissioner’s findings must be affirmed if they are supported by “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401, 91 S.Ct. 1420, 28 L.Ed.2d 842 (1971), citing Consolidated Edison Company v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229, 59 S.Ct. 206, 83 L.Ed. 126 (1938); Landsaw v. Secretary of Health and Hu*659man Services, 803 F.2d 211, 213 (6th Cir. 1986). Substantial evidence means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Richardson, supra, at 401, 91 S.Ct. 1420; Ellis v. Schweicker, 739 F.2d 245, 248 (6th Cir.1984). Substantial evidence is more than a mere scintilla, but only so much as would be required to prevent a directed verdict (now judgment as a matter of law) against the Commissioner if this case were being tried to a jury. Foster v. Bowen, 853 F.2d 483, 486 (6th Cir.1988); NLRB v. Columbian Enameling and Stamping Company, 306 U.S. 292, 300, 59 S.Ct. 501, 83 L.Ed. 660 (1939). To be substantial, the evidence “must do more than create a suspicion of the existence of the fact to be established ... [I]t must be enough to justify, if the trial were to a jury, a refusal to direct a verdict when the conclusion sought to be drawn from it is one of fact for the jury.” LeMaster v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 802 F.2d 839, 840 (6th Cir. 1986), quoting NLRB v. Columbian Enameling and Stamping Company, supra.
In determining whether the Commissioner’s findings are supported by substantial evidence, the Court must consider the record as a whole. Hephner v. Mathews, 574 F.2d 359 (6th Cir.1978); Ellis, supra; Kirk v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 667 F.2d 524, 536 (6th Cir.1981); Houston v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 736 F.2d 365 (6th Cir.1984); Garner v. Heckler, 745 F.2d 383 (6th Cir.1984). However, the Court may not try the case de novo, resolve conflicts in evidence or decide questions of credibility. Gamer, supra. The findings of the Commissioner of Social Security and proceedings on Claimant’s application for social security disability benefits are not subject to reversal merely because there exists in the record substantial evidence to support a different conclusion. Buxton v. Halter, Commissioner of Social Security, 246 F.3d 762 (6th Cir. 2001). If the Commissioner’s decision is supported by substantial evidence, it must be affirmed, even if the Court as a trier of fact would have arrived at a different conclusion. Elkins v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 658 F.2d 437, 439 (6th Cir.1981).
In addition to the foregoing, in ruling as aforesaid, this Court makes the following, non-exclusive, observations:
1. As noted in the Magistrate Judge’s R & R, this Court has previously reviewed Plaintiffs claim that he was “disabled” on or before his date last insured of June 30, 2003. Doc. # 17 at PAGEID 91; see also tr. 637-63. At that time, this Court remanded the matter to the Commissioner to resolve one narrow issue-whether the jobs identified by the Vocational Expert are consistent with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. See tr. 661-63. On remand, ALJ Knapp went far beyond this Court’s Order on Remand by re-weighing the medical evidence and making a new RFC finding, even though Plaintiffs eligibility for DIB had expired more than five years prior. See tr. 616-30. Now before the Court is an appeal of that decision. In reviewing ALJ Knapp’s new findings, any new medical evidence is relevant only to the extent it relates to Plaintiffs impairments on or before June 30, 2003. See doc. # 17 at PAGEID 91; see also King v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 896 F.2d 204, 205-06 (6th Cir.1990).
2. In his Objections, Plaintiff takes issue with several of the Magistrate Judge’s findings in the R & R. First, Plaintiff argues that the Magistrate Judge’s harmless error analysis was incorrect. Specifically, Plaintiff maintains that Wilson v. Commissioner of Social Security, 378 F.3d 541, 547 (6th Cir.2004), does not identify circumstances where an ALJ’s error might be deemed harmless. See doc. # 18 at PA*660GEID 103-04. However, in light of the Sixth Circuit cases citing to Wilson for this exact proposition, see, e.g., Cole v. Astrue, 661 F.3d 931, 940 (6th Cir.2011); Friend v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 375 Fed.Appx. 543, 551 (6th Cir.2010), this argument is unpersuasive.
3. Second, Plaintiff objects to the Magistrate Judge’s finding that the ALJ did not err in relying on new medical expert testimony which conflicted with the previous medical expert testimony. Doc. # 18 at PAGEID 106. There were two medical experts involved in Plaintiffs case: Dr. Hutson testified at the February 18, 2004 administrative hearing that Plaintiff was capable of performing a limited range of sedentary work, tr. 581-600; and Dr. Brahms testified at the July 25, 2008 administrative hearing that Plaintiff was capable of performing a limited range of light work. Tr. 849-54.
Plaintiff argues the Magistrate Judge failed to justify the fact that this Court previously upheld the ALJ’s reliance on Dr. Hutson’s opinion, yet now impliedly rejects Dr. Hutson’s opinion. See doc. # 18 at PAGEID 105-07. Plaintiff asserts that the ALJ did not provide a “satisfactory explanation” for rejecting Dr. Hutson’s finding. Id. at PAGEID 107.
In his written decision, ALJ Knapp acknowledged Dr. Hutson’s determination and explained why he gave greater weight to Dr. Brahms’ opinion:
At the prior hearing in February 2004, Dr. Hutson, also an orthopedic Medical Expert, testified that claimant was restricted to sedentary work. According to ‘the transcript which I have reviewed,’ he provided no explanation for this degree of restriction other than stating that “multiple areas are involved.” However, he himself acknowledged that there was no evidence of loss of neurological function in the appropriate distribution of either the upper or lower extremities, a medical interpretation consistent with that of Dr. Brahms, nor did he characterize the nature of the objective medical evidence in any way different from that of Dr. Brahms. While Dr. Hutson went on to recommend a sedentary level of exertion, as had Dr. Urse, a treating physician (Exhibit 3I-F), it is felt that severe but essentially stable spinal conditions described by MRI studies are more compatible with the light-level recommendations of Dr. Brahms. Dr. Brahms stated that claimant’s low back and neck conditions were not that medically significant, at least back in 2003 and before, and reflected the existence of arthritis only. It is hard to fathom a good explanation for any kind of standing or sitting restriction. Claimant’s primary problem had always been his left shoulder. In addition, it may also be observed here that prior hearing decision of June 2004 which found the claimant limited to modified sedentary work based largely on Dr. Hutson’s testimony, has been vacated pursuant to the order of the federal district court and that such decision has no res judicata effect on the current hearing decision. I give greater weight to the testimony of the Medical Expert who testified before me and who had access to the later record. His suggested restrictions are most consistent with the nature of the objective medical evidence and claimant’s medical history.
Tr. 626.
Where there are conflicting opinions from various medical sources, it is the ALJ’s function to evaluate the medical evidence and determine Plaintiffs’ RFC. Webb v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 368 F.3d 629, 633 (6th Cir.2004). Here, the ALJ concluded that Dr. Brahms’ opinion was entitled to the most weight, tr. 626; and that decision will be upheld if it is supported by *661substantial evidence, even if the Court, as a trier of fact, would have arrived at a different conclusion. Elkins v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 658 F.2d 437, 439 (6th Cir.1981). The Court “may not abrogate the [Commissioner’s] function to evaluate and resolve conflicting medical testimony.” Id. Thus, despite Plaintiffs contentions to the contrary, the Court’s holdings are not mutually exclusive. The Court can properly uphold ALJ Knapp’s reliance on Dr. Brahms’ opinion, regardless of whether it previously upheld ALJ Redmond’s reliance on Dr. Hutson’s opinion.
A medical expert’s opinion, based on a review of the complete case record, can constitute substantial evidence. See Blakley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 408-09 (6th Cir.2009). Here, Dr. Brahms testified that he reviewed all of Plaintiffs medical records. Tr. 849. In contrast, given that Dr. Hutson testified in 2004, his opinion was not based on a complete review of the medical records. Further, ALJ Knapp did not hear Dr. Hut-son’s testimony because he was not the ALJ presiding over the February 18, 2004 administrative hearing. (ALJ Redmond presided at the 2004 hearing.) Therefore, ALJ Knapp reasonably adopted Dr. Brahms’ medical opinion over Dr. Hut-son’s. Plaintiffs objection is overruled.
4. Third, Plaintiff contends the Magistrate Judge failed to address how the ALJ’s credibility analysis ignored evidence that was favorable to Plaintiff. Doc. # 18 at PAGEID 109. This Court previously determined that the objective medical evidence did not support Plaintiffs allegations of disabling pain. See tr. 640-52. Plaintiff has not presented new medical records — relating to his medical impairments before June 30, 2003 — to persuade this Court otherwise. See tr. 706-831.
5. It is axiomatic that the Court’s task in reviewing a decision of non-disability issued by the Defendant Commissioner is not to determine whether the record contains substantial evidence of disability; rather, the Court’s focus is limited to ascertaining whether the Commissioner’s decision of non-disability is supported by substantial evidence. In this matter, said decision is so supported.
WHEREFORE, based upon the aforesaid, this Court adopts the Report and Recommendations of the United States Magistrate Judge (Doc. # 17) in their entirety, having concluded that the Commissioner’s decision that Plaintiff was not disabled and, therefore, not entitled to benefits under the Social Security Act was supported by substantial evidence. Plaintiffs Objections to said judicial filing (Doc. # 18) are overruled. Judgment will be ordered entered in favor of the Defendant Commissioner and against Plaintiff herein, affirming the decision of the Defendant Commissioner that Plaintiff was not disabled and, therefore, not entitled to benefits under the Social Security Act.
The captioned cause is hereby ordered terminated upon the docket records of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Dayton.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION1 THAT: (1) THE ALJ’S NON-DISABILITY FINDING BE FOUND SUPPORTED BY SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE, AND AFFIRMED; AND (2) THE CASE BE CLOSED
MICHAEL J. NEWMAN, United States Magistrate Judge.This is a Social Security appeal brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). At issue *662is whether the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) erred in finding that Plaintiff David Swett (“Plaintiff’) was “not disabled” and therefore unentitled to Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”). See Administrative Transcript (“Tr.”) 630.
This case is before the Court upon Plaintiffs Statement of Errors (doc. 11), the Commissioner’s Memorandum in Opposition (doc. 15), Plaintiffs Reply (doc. 16), the administrative record, and the record as a whole.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Procedural History
Plaintiff filed his DIB application on January 12, 2000, asserting that he has been under a “disability” since March 18, 1999. Tr. 93-95. Plaintiff claims he is disabled due to blindness in his left eye, impairments in his shoulders, and impairments in his cervical and thoracic spine. Tr. 125.
Following initial administrative denials of his application, Plaintiff received a hearing before ALJ David Redmond on December 21, 2001. Tr. 549-72. On February 21, 2002, ALJ Redmond issued a written decision, concluding that Plaintiff could perform a limited range of light work and was “not disabled.” Tr. 60-69.
Upon a review, the Appeals Council vacated the decision and remanded the case to ALJ Redmond. See tr. 77-80. The basis for remand was the ALJ’s failure to adequately consider the treating source’s disability finding. See tr. 78.
On remand, a second hearing was held before ALJ Redmond on February 18, 2004. Tr. 573-604. On June 25, 2004, ALJ Redmond issued a written decision, finding Plaintiff could perform a reduced range of sedentary work and was “not disabled.” Tr. 21-32. The Appeals Council denied Plaintiffs request for review. Tr. 7-10.
Plaintiff then filed an action in this Court seeking judicial review of ALJ Redmond’s second decision. Tr. 636. This Court granted the Commissioner’s motion to remand for further proceedings under Sentence Four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Tr. 637-65. Specifically, this Court remanded on one issue — the ALJ failed to ask the vocational expert (“VE”) whether the jobs identified in response to the ALJ’s hypothetical are consistent with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (“DOT”). Tr. 662.
The Appeals Council vacated ALJ Redmond’s decision and remanded the matter for further administrative proceedings consistent with this Court’s Order. Tr. 668-70. The Appeals Council directed the ALJ, on remand, to take additional evidence as appropriate, including obtaining updated medical records from treating sources, consultative examinations and evidence from a medical expert (“ME”). Tr. 669.
On remand, Plaintiffs case was before ALJ James Knapp (“ALJ Knapp”). ALJ Knapp received additional medical evidence, and held a hearing on July 25, 2008. See tr. 621, 832-66. ALJ Knapp issued a written decision, finding Plaintiff “not disabled” and denying his DIB claim. Tr. 616-31.
Specifically, ALJ Knapp’s “Findings,” which represent the rationale of his decision, were as follows:
1. The claimant met the disability insured status requirements of the Act on March 18, 1999, the date claimant stated claimant became unable to work, and continued to meet them through June 30, 2003, but not thereafter.
*6632. The claimant has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since March 18,1999.
3. The medical evidence establishes that the claimant had the following severe impairments as of and prior to his date last insured: 1) non-dominant left shoulder arthritis and tendonitis; 2) lumbar and cervical spine degenerative disc disease; and 3) loss of left eye vision.
4. The claimant did not have an impairment or combination of impairments listed in, or medically equal to one listed in, Appendix 1, Subpart P, Regulations No. 4.
5. The claimant’s subjective allegations lack credibility to the extent that they purport to describe a condition of disability within the meaning of the Social Security Act and Regulations as of and prior to his date last insured.
6. The claimant, as of and prior to his date last insured, lacked the residual functional capacity to: 1) lift greater than ten pounds frequently or twenty pounds occasionally; 2) do any crawling or climbing of ladders or scaffolds; 3) do any reaching above shoulder level or repetitive lifting from below waist level; 4) do any job requiring good peripheral vision to the left side; or 5) do any work at unprotected heights or around moving machinery (20 CFR 404.1545).
7. The claimant has been unable to perform his past relevant work as a parts salvager and industrial truck operator.
8. The claimant’s residual functional capacity [“RFC”] for the full range of light work was reduced by the limitations set forth in Finding No. 6 as of and prior to his date last insured.2
9. The claimant was 44 years old as of his date last insured, which classified him as a “younger individual” (20 CFR 404.1563).
10. The claimant has a 10th-grade or “limited” education (20 CFR 404.1564).
11. The claimant did not have any acquired work skills which are transferable to other jobs within claimant’s residual functional capacity (20 CFR 404.1568).
12. Based on an exertional capacity for light work, and the claimant’s age, education, and work experience, section 404.1569 and Rule 202.18, Table No. 2, Appendix 2, Subpart P, Regulations No. 4, would direct a conclusion of “not disabled.”
13. Although the claimant’s additional non-exertion limitations did not al*664low claimant to perform the full range of light work, using the above-cited Rule as a framework for decision making, there are a significant number of jobs in the national economy which claimant could have performed as of his date last insured, both at the light and sedentary exertion levels. Examples of such jobs are: nut sorter, table worker, surveillance systems monitor, microfilm processor, label-er, and box sealing inspector. Such jobs existed in the number of at least 8,000 in the region surrounding Dayton, Ohio, a region that contains jobs that exist proportionately at the national level.
14. The claimant was not under a “disability,” as defined in the Social Security Act, at any time through June 30, 2003, the last date the claimant had disability insured status, or at any time through the date of this decision (20 CFR 404.1520(g)).
Tr. 629-30 (brackets added).
Thereafter, the Appeals Council denied Plaintiffs request for review, making ALJ Knapp’s non-disability finding the final administrative decision of the Commissioner. Tr. 605-08. See Casey v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 987 F.2d 1230, 1233 (6th Cir.1993). Plaintiff then filed this appeal on February 10, 2011. Doc. 2.
B. Plaintiffs Vocational Profile and Testimony
Plaintiff was 44 years old on his date last insured and thus considered a “younger individual.” See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1563. Plaintiff completed the tenth grade and later obtained his GED. Tr. 837. He has past relevant work as an automobile parts salvager, a machine operator and a forklift operator. Tr. 126,138.
At the administrative hearing, ALJ Knapp asked Plaintiff to describe his impairments as they existed in 2003. See tr. 838. Plaintiff testified that he experienced back pain that radiates into his right leg. Id. He reported that he has not had back surgery, but he takes pain medication, and has tried “trigger points, blocks, epidurals, radio frequency ... [a]nd physical therapy three or four different times.” Tr. 838-40. He testified that these treatments help “[ajbout 35 percent.” Tr. 840. In addition, Plaintiff testified that he had a torn rotator cuff injury in his left shoulder in 1995, but he did not have corrective surgery until February 2004. Tr. 840. Plaintiff also reported that he has no eyesight in his left eye and double vision in his right eye. Tr. 842.
Plaintiff estimated that, in 2003, his right arm pain was a seven-to-eight out of ten, whereas at the time of the hearing, it was a five-to-six out of ten. Tr. 846. He testified his left arm pain in 2003 was a five-to-six out of ten, whereas at the time of the hearing, it was a four out of ten. Id. He rated his back pain in 2003, and also at the time of hearing, as an eight out of ten. Id.
As to daily living activities in 2003, Plaintiff testified that he watched television. Tr. 841. He laid in bed all day, and slept for about an hour off and on. Tr. 844. He reported that he did very few household chores, and went shopping with his son every two weeks for about thirty minutes at a time. See tr. 841^15. Plaintiff testified that he drove two or three times a week in order to attend medical appointments. Tr. 836.
Plaintiff estimated that, in 2003, he could walk one to one-and-a-half blocks, stand fifteen minutes, and sit fifteen minutes at a time. Tr. 844-45. He estimated that the most weight he could lift was a plate or cup. See tr. 845. Plaintiff noted he can*665not reach his arms out or overhead. Tr. 847.
Medical expert Malcolm Brahms, M.D. testified before ALJ Knapp. Tr. 849-55. Based on his review of Plaintiffs medical records, Dr. Brahms opined that Plaintiff was capable of performing light work with the following restrictions: (1) no repetitive over-the-head or below-waist lifting; (2) no lifting over twenty pounds; and (3) no ladders or scaffolds. Tr. 850, 854.
In addition, vocational expert Vanessa Harris, Ph. D. also testified at the 2008 hearing before ALJ Knapp. Tr. 855-63. She testified that Plaintiff does not have any transferable skills to light or sedentary level jobs. Tr. 856. The ALJ proposed the following hypothetical work capabilities to the VE: (1) lifting consistent with light work; (2) no reaching above shoulder level; (3) no repetitive below-waist lifting; (4) no crawling; (5) no climbing of ladders or scaffolds; (6) no requirement of good peripheral vision; and (7) no unprotected heights or moving machinery. Tr. 857. Based on this hypothetical, and Plaintiffs age, education, and work experience, the VE testified there were 4,500 light jobs and 3,500 sedentary jobs in the Dayton region which Plaintiff could perform. Id. She also reported that an additional limitation — of alternating between sitting and standing at thirty-minute intervals — would not change the number of available jobs. Id.
Further, the ALJ asked the VE whether her testimony is consistent with the DOT. Tr. 857-58. The VE acknowledged that the DOT does not specifically consider the peripheral vision limitation. Id. However, she testified that, based on her job site observations, the jobs she identified can be performed with such a restriction. Tr. 858. She reported no other inconsistencies with the DOT. Id.
II. APPLICABLE LAW
A. Substantial Evidence Standard
The Court’s inquiry on a Social Security appeal is to determine (1) whether the ALJ’s non-disability finding is supported by substantial evidence, and (2) whether the ALJ employed the correct legal criteria. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Bowen v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 478 F.3d 742, 745-46 (6th Cir.2007). In performing this review, the Court must consider the record as a whole. Hephner v. Mathews, 574 F.2d 359, 362 (6th Cir.1978).
Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401, 91 S.Ct. 1420, 28 L.Ed.2d 842 (1971). When substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s denial of benefits, that finding must be affirmed, even if substantial evidence also exists in the record upon which the ALJ could have found plaintiff disabled. Id. Thus, the Commissioner has a “ ‘zone of choice’ within which he can act without the fear of court interference.” Buxton v. Halter, 246 F.3d 762, 773 (6th Cir.2001).
The second judicial inquiry — reviewing the correctness of the ALJ’s legal analysis — may result in reversal even if the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence in the record. Robbers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 582 F.3d 647, 651 (6th Cir.2009). Thus, “a decision of the Commissioner will not be upheld where the SSA fails to follow its own regulations and where that error prejudices a claimant on the merits or deprives the claimant of a substantial right.” Bowen, 478 F.3d at 746.
B. “Disability” Defined
To be eligible for DIB, a claimant must be under a “disability” as defined by the Social Security Act. 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(a), *666(d). Narrowed to its statutory meaning, a “disability” includes physical and/or mental impairments that are both “medically determinable” and severe enough to prevent a claimant from (1) performing his or her past job and (2) engaging in “substantial gainful activity” that is available in the regional or national economies. Id. § 423(d). A DIB claimant bears the ultimate burden of establishing that he or she is disabled under the Social Security Act’s definition. Key v. Callahan, 109 F.3d 270, 274 (6th Cir.1997).
Administrative regulations require a five-step sequential evaluation for disability determinations. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520. Although a dispositive finding at any step ends the ALJ’s review, Colvin v. Barnhart, 475 F.3d 727, 730 (6th Cir.2007), the complete sequential review poses five questions:
1. Has the claimant engaged in substantial gainful activity?
2. Does the claimant suffer from one or more severe impairments?
3. Do the claimant’s severe impairments, alone or in combination, meet or equal the criteria of an impairment set forth in the Commissioner’s Listing of Impairments (the Listings), 20 C.F.R. Subpart P, Appendix 1?
4. Considering the claimant’s residual functional capacity (“RFC”), can he or she perform his or her past relevant work?
5. Considering the claimant’s age, education, past work experience, and RFC, can he or she perform other work available in the national economy?
20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4).
III. ANALYSIS
As a preliminary matter, the Court notes that ALJ Knapp complied with the Court’s February 26, 2008 decision and elicited VE testimony that the jobs the VE identified are consistent with the DOT. See tr. 657-63; 857-58. See also Swett v. Comm’r of Soe. Sec., No. 3:07-cv-17, 2008 WL 552481, at *1-2 (S.D.Ohio Feb. 26, 2008) (Rice, J.). However, ALJ Knapp also went beyond this Court’s Order and made new findings. Compare tr. 616-31 with tr. 21-32. Now the Court must review ALJ Knapp’s decision for error. In doing so, the Court recognizes that, since Plaintiffs filing in January 2000, his DIB claim has been reviewed multiple times, including three times by an ALJ, two times by the Appeals Council, and once by this Court, and none have found Plaintiff “disabled.” Moreover, the Court recognizes that Plaintiff is applying only for DIB benefits and his date last insured was June 30, 2003. Therefore, any new medical evidence since this Court last reviewed Plaintiffs claim is only relevant to the extent it relates to his condition prior to the expiration of his DIB eligibility. See King v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 896 F.2d 204, 205-06 (6th Cir.1990).
Further, the Court notes that Plaintiffs pertinent medical records have been adequately summarized in the parties’ briefs, see doc. 11, at PAGEID 40-47; doc. 15, at PAGEID 65-69, and the Court will not repeat them here. Where applicable, the Court will identify the medical evidence relevant to its decision.
In his Statement of Errors, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in three respects. First, Plaintiff contends the ALJ did not give proper weight to his treating physicians’ opinions. See doc. 11 at PAGEID 48-51. Second, he asserts that the ALJ’s RFC finding is unsupported by substantial evidence. See id. at PAGEID 51-54. Third, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ’s credibility analysis is also unsupported by substantial evidence. See id. at PAGEID 54-56.
*667A. Substantial Evidence Supports ALJ Knapp’s Decision to Not Defer to Plaintiffs Treating Source Opinions, and His RFC Finding
Plaintiffs first two arguments will addressed together. Plaintiff first asserts that ALJ Knapp improperly weighed his treating physicians’ opinions. He contends that ALJ Knapp erroneously discredited his treating pain specialist Dr. Donnini’s opinion that Plaintiff is unable to perform even sedentary work on a sustained basis. Further, he asserts that ALJ Knapp erred in giving insufficient weight to the opinion of his other treaters, Dr. Goodall and Dr. Urse.
The treating physician rule “requires the ALJ to generally give greater deference to the opinions of treating physicians than to the opinions of non-treating physicians.” Blakley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 406 (6th Cir.2009) (quoting 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(2)). However, a treating physician’s conclusory statement — that the claimant is disabled — is not determinative of the ultimate issue. Landsaw v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 803 F.2d 211, 213 (6th Cir.1986). Rather, to be entitled to controlling or substantial weight, the treating physician must supply sufficient medical data to substantiate that opinion. See Bogle v. Sullivan, 998 F.2d 342, 347-48 (6th Cir.1993). Accordingly, an ALJ properly rejects a treating physician’s opinion if it is not supported by sufficient medical data or if it is inconsistent with the other evidence of record. See Walters v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 127 F.3d 525, 530 (6th Cir.1997). In rejecting a treating source opinion, the ALJ is required to give “good reasons” for the weight given to that opinion. Blakley, 581 F.3d at 406 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(2)). An ALJ’s failure to do so is reversible error unless the Court finds the error harmless. Id. at 409.
1. Dr. Donnini
Most of Plaintiffs medical records are from the Pain Evaluation and Management Center, of Ohio, Inc., where Plaintiff has been treated by Richard Donnini, D.O. and Harold Stratton, M.D. since August 1999. See tr. 249-303, 391-414, 442-69, 480-90, 717-831. In June 2001, Dr. Donnini reported that, due to Plaintiffs decreased right shoulder; cervical and thoracic range of motion and pain to palpation; and weakness and numbness of his upper right extremity and right hand, Plaintiff was limited to lifting or carrying five pounds occasionally and zero pounds frequently, and to standing or walking three-to-four hours in one day and one hour without interruption. Tr. 386-90. In addition, due to pain and spasms in Plaintiffs right leg, Dr. Donnini opined Plaintiff was limited to sitting just four-to-five hours in one day, and one-to-two hours without interruption. Id.
ALJ Knapp rejected Dr. Donnini’s opinion on the grounds that it “lack[ed] accurate objective medical support” and “is contradicted by the opinion of two [m]edical [ejxperts who had the opportunity to review the entire longitudinal record, and who posses far superior medical qualifications.” Tr. 627.
As this Court previously held in its February 2008 decision, Dr. Donnini’s opinion is unsupported by objective medical evidence. See tr. 651-52; Swett, 2008 WL 552481, at *11-12. While the Court acknowledges that, on remand, Plaintiff submitted new medical records from Dr. Donnini, such evidence does not persuade the Court otherwise because the records were made after Plaintiffs date last insured of June 30, 2003. See tr. 621, 717-829. See also King, 896 F.2d at 205-06. In addition, all of the new treatment notes are signed by Dr. Stratton instead of Dr. Donnini. See tr. 717-829. Therefore, because *668the ALJ had good reasons to disregard Dr. Donnini’s disability finding — it was not supported by objective medical evidence— his decision is supported by substantial evidence. See Bogle, 998 F.2d at 347-48.
2. Dr. Goodall and Dr. Urse
Plaintiff next argues that ALJ Knapp erred by failing to provide any reasons for rejecting the opinion — of his treating neurosurgeon, Thomas Goodall, D. 0., and his treating orthopedic surgeon, John Urse, D.O. — that Plaintiff is unable to perform light work.3
There are two medical records from Dr. Goodall — both are letters to Plaintiffs treating chiropractor, in which he diagnosed Plaintiff with cervical and thoracic strain, and recommended radio frequency treatment. See tr. 376, 427. On January 3, 2002, Dr. Goodall reported that, due to mild degeneration of Plaintiffs cervical spine at C5-6, Plaintiff was limited to: lifting just five pounds occasionally and less than five pounds frequently; standing or walking two hours in one day and half an hour without interruption; and sitting six-to-eight hours in one day and half an hour without interruption. Tr. 428-32. Dr. Goodall concluded that Plaintiff could not perform full-time light work; however, he put a question mark as to whether Plaintiff could perform full-time sedentary work.4 Id.
Dr. Urse treated Plaintiff for his shoulder impairments. See tr. 437-41, 517-20, 706-16. According to the medical records, Dr. Urse saw Plaintiff only three times before opining that he was disabled on December 4, 2003. See id. Dr. Urse reported that, due to arthritis in his glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint in his left shoulder, Plaintiff is limited to: lifting or carrying fifteen pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently; using his right arm occasionally; and using his left arm “less than occasionally.” Tr. 474-79. In addition, Dr. Urse opined that it would aggravate Plaintiffs pain if he had to push or pull on a consistent basis. Id. Dr. Urse did not find any limitations in Plaintiffs ability to stand, walk or sit. Id. Dr. Urse concluded that Plaintiff had the RFC to perform sedentary work, but not light work.5 Id.
Plaintiff correctly argues that ALJ Knapp erred by not evaluating these opinions in his written decision. See tr. 626-27; see also Bowen, 478 F.3d at 747. However, the Court finds this error to be harmless. The Sixth Circuit identified three instances where an ALJ’s failure to give good reasons when rejecting a treating source may constitute harmless error: (1) “a treating source’s opinion is so patently deficient that the Commissioner could not possibly credit it”; (2) “the Commissioner adopts the opinion of the treat*669ing source or makes findings consistent with the opinion”; or (3) “the Commissioner has met the goal of § 404.1527(d)(2).” Wilson v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 547 (6th Cir.2004).
To begin, the Court finds Dr. Goodall’s opinion so patently deficient that the ALJ could not possibly credit it. See id.; see also tr. 376, 427-32. Dr. Goodall merely checked boxes on the form with a cursory explanation on the first page — “MILD degeneration C5-6 on MRI” — and made no other references to objective medical evidence or clinical findings. See tr. 427-32. Further, the only records from Dr. Goodall are two letters to Plaintiffs chiropractor. See id. Thus, ALJ Knapp’s error, in disregarding Dr. Goodall’s opinion without any analysis, was harmless. Cf. Taylor v. Astrue, No. 3:08-cv-443, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 111084, at *20-21 (S.D.Ohio Oct. 28, 2009).
In addition, ALJ Knapp’s error was harmless because, even had the ALJ included the additional limitations proposed by Dr. Goodall and Dr. Urse, the VE testified that there would still be at least 3,500 sedentary jobs available to Plaintiff — a significant number of jobs for Social Security purposes. See Hall v. Bowen, 837 F.2d 272, 275 (6th Cir.1987). Notably, Dr. Urse opined that Plaintiff is capable of performing sedentary work and Dr. Goodall merely “questioned” whether Plaintiff could do sedentary work. Tr. 432, 479. Further, to account for Dr. Goodwall’s half hour sitting limitation, the VE testified that a sit/stand option would not change the number of light or sedentary jobs available to Plaintiff. Tr. 857. The VE also testified that all of the sedentary jobs would still be available with the five pound lifting limitation proposed by Dr. Goodall. Tr. 858-59. Moreover, on cross-examination, the VE testified that Dr. Urse’s limitation — of using the right arm occasionally and the left arm “less than occasionally”— would not change the number of light or sedentary jobs available to Plaintiff. Tr. 860-61. Thus, ALJ Knapp’s findings are consistent with the opinions of Dr. Goodall and Dr. Urse. Even had ALJ Knapp adopted their RFC limitations, the Commissioner would have still met his burden of showing that a significant number of jobs are available to Plaintiff. See Varley v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 820 F.2d 777, 779 (6th Cir.1987).
3. Plaintiffs RFC
Plaintiff also contends that his RFC finding — for a limited range of light work — is unsupported by substantial evidence. The ALJ, not a physician, ultimately determines a claimant’s RFC. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(B). See also Nejat v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 359 Fed.Appx. 574, 578 (6th Cir.2009). It is the ALJ’s function resolve conflicts in the medical evidence. See King v. Heckler, 742 F.2d 968, 974 (6th Cir.1984). In making a RFC finding, an ALJ may rely on a non-examining medical advisor’s opinion that is based on a review of the complete ease record. See Blakley, 581 F.3d at 405.
In resolving the conflicting medical opinions, ALJ Knapp explained why he gave greater weight to the ME’s opinion:
The physical findings which define the claimant’s RFC for a reduced range of light work essentially are adapted from the functional assessment provided by Dr. Brahms, the Medical Expert. Substantial deference is accorded to the opinion of Dr. Brahms, which is most consistent with degree of impairment severity shown by the medical findings, in particular the diagnostic evidence on MRI studies. The opinion of Dr. Brahms is entitled to great weight as well due to his specialized expertise in orthopedic surgery, because he had the opportunity to listen to the claimant testify under cross-examination at the last hearing.
*670Tr. 624. ALJ Knapp was permitted to rely on the ME’s testimony because the ME testified that he reviewed all of Plaintiffs medical records. See tr. 849. See also Blakley, 581 F.3d at 405. ALJ Knapp also gave good reasons for discrediting the opinions of Dr. Donnini and Dr. Long, and, as discussed above, his failure to discuss the other treating sources was harmless error. Accordingly, the Court finds the RFC finding is supported by substantial evidence. Cf. Gribbins v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 37 Fed.Appx. 777, 780 (6th Cir.2002).
B. Substantial Evidence Supports ALJ Knapp’s Credibility Assessment
In addition, Plaintiff maintains that ALJ Knapp’s credibility assessment is unsupported by substantial evidence. See doc. 11 at PAGEID 54-56.
It is the ALJ’s function, and not the reviewing court’s, to evaluate the credibility of the claimant. Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 247 (6th Cir.2007). Accordingly, an ALJ’s credibility findings are entitled to considerable deference and should not be lightly discarded. Casey, 987 F.2d at 1234. In evaluating a claimant’s assertions of disabling pain, the ALJ must engage in a two-step process. Felisky v. Bowen, 35 F.3d 1027, 1038-39 (6th Cir.1994). First, the ALJ should determine whether the claimant has a medically determinable impairment which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain. See id. Second, the ALJ, in light of all the relevant evidence, should evaluate the severity of the alleged pain. See id.
As an initial note, ALJ Knapp did not completely disregard Plaintiffs allegations of pain. Rather, he determined that Plaintiffs subjective complaints lack credibility to the extent that he claims he is totally disabled. See tr. 627. ALJ Knapp also acknowledged that Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: (1) non-dominant left shoulder arthritis and tendonitis; (2) lumbar and cervical spine degenerative disc disease; and (3) loss of left eye vision.6 Tr. 622. Further, ALJ Knapp did, indeed, accommodate Plaintiffs symptoms in the RFC finding by limiting Plaintiff to light work, and eliminating jobs that require: crawling or climbing ladders, reaching above shoulder level, repetitive lifting from below the waist, peripheral vision to the left side, or working at unprotected heights or around moving machinery. See tr. 623-24.
ALJ Knapp concluded that the objective medical evidence did not support Plaintiffs allegations of disabling pain. See tr. 624, 627. This Court previously reviewed Plaintiffs medical records from 1998 until the end of 2003. See tr. 640-52; Swett, 2008 WL 552481 at *5-9. Based on those records, the Court agreed that objective medical evidence did not support Plaintiffs allegations of disabling pain. See tr. 652-54; Swett, 2008 WL 552481 at *12-13. Plaintiff has not presented any new medical records to convince the Court that his pain rendered him disabled as of, or prior to, June 30, 2003. See tr. 706-831.
Plaintiff, citing to Felisky, argues that the ALJ failed to apply the factors set out in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c).7 However, *671while the Felisky Court applied each of these factors in the case before it, Felisky does not require the ALJ to engage in such an extensive analysis in every decision. Bowman v. Chater, No. 96-3990, 1997 WL 764419, at *4, 1997 U.S.App. LEXIS 34130, at *11 (6th Cir. Nov. 26, 1997). Instead, Felisky requires only that the ALJ consider non-medical factors in addition to the objective medical evidence. See id.
Here, ALJ Knapp explicitly stated that he considered all the required factors in assessing Plaintiffs subjective complaints. Tr. 627. ALJ Knapp noted Plaintiffs treatment history, as well as his medication side effects. See id. Further, ALJ Knapp considered Plaintiffs testimony regarding the intensity of his pain and, when contrasted the objective medical evidence with Plaintiffs daily activities, ALJ Knapp reasonably found Plaintiffs pain complaints lacking credibility. See tr. 624, 627. Thus, ALJ Knapp’s credibility analysis is supported by substantial evidence, and he did not commit error in failing to explicitly apply each and every Felisky factor. Cf. Bratcher v. Astrue, No. 3:08-cv-335, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 92239, at *30-32 (S.D.Ohio July 10, 2009) (Rice, J.).
Finally, the Court reiterates that the issue is not whether the record could support a finding of disability, but rather, whether the ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence. See Casey, 987 F.2d at 1233. Given the great deference to an ALJ’s credibility assessment, the Court concludes that substantial evidence supports ALJ Knapp’s decision to discredit Plaintiffs statements about the severity of his symptoms.
IV. RECOMMENDATION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds Plaintiffs assignments of error to be unavailing. ALJ Knapp’s decision is supported by substantial evidence and should be affirmed.
IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT:
1. The Commissioner’s final non-disability finding be found supported by substantial evidence, and AFFIRMED; and
2. This case be CLOSED.
. Attached, hereto is NOTICE to the parties regarding objections to this Report and Rec*662ommendation.
. The Social Security Administration classifies jobs as sedentary, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy depending on the physical exertion requirements. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567. Sedentary work "involves lifting no more than 10 pounds at a time” and "a certain amount of walking and standing is often necessary.” Id. § 404.1567(a). Light work "involves lifting no more than 20 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying of objects weighing up to 10 pounds” and "requires a good deal of walking or standing, or when it involves sitting most of the time with some pushing and pulling of arm or leg controls.” Id. § 404.1567(b). Medium work "involves lifting no more than 50 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying objects weighing up to 25 pounds." Id. § 404.1567(c). Heavy work "involves lifting no more than 100 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying of objects weighing up to 25 pounds.” Id. § 404.1567(d). Very heavy work "involves lifting objects weighing more than 100 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying objects weighing up ' to 50 pounds.” Id. § 404.1567(e).
.It is unclear whether Dr. Goodall would even be considered a 'Treating physician” under Social Security regulations. A "treating source” is defined as one "who provides you, or has provided you, with medical treatment or evaluation and who has, or has had, an ongoing treatment relationship with you.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1502. Generally, an ongoing treatment relationship exists "when the medical evidence establishes that you see, or have seen, the source with a frequency consistent with accepted medical practice for the type of treatment and/or evaluation required.” Id. In Plaintiff's medical records, there is no evidence that Dr. Goodall treated Plaintiff beyond his two appointments in November 2000 and January 2002. See tr. 376, 427. Indeed, Dr. Goodall was not evaluated as a treating physician in the previous ALJ decisions either. See tr. 21-32, 60-69.
. This notation suggests that, even in Dr. Goodall's view, Plaintiff might well be able to perform some work, and thus not be "disabled.”
. This opinion shows that Dr. Urse found Plaintiff to be not "disabled.”
. ALJ Knapp also acknowledged Plaintiff's right shoulder injury, but found it not be a severe impairment during the period when Plaintiff had disability insured status. Tr. 623.
. The seven factors listed in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c) and recited in Felisky are as follows: (1) daily activities; (2) the location, duration, frequency and intensity of the symptoms; (3) precipitating and aggravating factors; (4) the type, dosage, effectiveness and side effects of any medication taken to alleviate the symptoms; (5) treatment, other than medication, you receive or have received for relief of your pain; (6) any measures used to relieve the symptoms; and (7) other factors *671concerning the functional limitations and restrictions due lo the symptoms.