This case was heard upon the-petition, answer, statement of agreed facts, and certain rules for the guidance of medical inspectors which were put in evidence.
[1] It appears to be the established practice of the immigration authorities for a case to be reheard, when occasion requires, by successive boards of special inquiry. The later boards apparently rehear and determine such cases on the merits. The decisions of the preceding boards, either are not considered as final adjudications of the matter, or are regarded as having been set aside by the convening of the later board to hear the case. There is no controversy but that the final determination of Nora Joyce’s application for admission was made by the second board of special inquiry, which acted upon the certificate of the medical board, under the belief that the findings in the certificate were conclusive, and that no other evidence upon the alien’s mental condition could be received. Taking this view of the law, the immigration authorities denied the alien’s request to permit a medical examination by outside physicians, at her expense, and prevented her from obtaining and submitting such evidence to the board of special inquiry which finally decided her case. A prior petition for a writ of habeas corpus was filed on behalf of this alien, and was dismissed without prejudice for the reasons stated in the opinion therein.
The Immigration Act providés (section 24) that every alien who may not appear to the examining immigrant inspector at the port of arrival to be clearly and beyond doubt entitled to land shall be detained for examination in relation thereto by a board of special inquiry. Section 25 further provides that:
“Such boards shall have authority to determine whether an alien who has been duly held shall be allowed to land or shall be deported, * * * and the decision of any two members of a board shall prevail, * * * the decision of the appropriate immigration officers, if adverse to the admission of such alien, shall be final. * * * ”
By section 10 of the act, the decision of the board of special inquiry, “based upon the certificate of the examining medical officer, shall be final as to the rejection of aliens afflicted with” feeble-mindedness. The medical examination of arriving aliens is provided for in section 17 of the act. It is to be made by medical officers of the United States Püblic Health and Marine Hospital Service, “who shall certify for the information of the immigration officers and the boards of special inquiry hereinafter provided for, any and all physical and mental defects or diseases observed by said medical officers in any such alien.” The United States Public Health and Marine Hospital Service is to be reimbursed by the immigration service for “all expenditures incurred in carrying out the medical inápection of aliens.”
These sections, it seems to me, leave the- final decision upon applications of aliens for admission with the boards of special inquiry, *287subject to appeal in cases where an appeal is allowed by the act. In this' case, the exclusion having been based upon a medical certificate, and upon the ground of mental disability, the decision of the board of special inquiry was final.
For the reasons above given,, and those stated in my opinion on the first petition in behalf of this immigrant, it seems to me that the board of special inquiry made an error of law in assuming that it was bound to act in accordance with the medical certificate. There can be no doubt that the error of law was fundamental. It led the immigration authorities to refuse the alien’s request for an opportunity to obtain evidence in her behalf, and to refrain from making any independent decision of the case. I therefore find and rule that there has not been a fair hearing of the matter before the immigration authorities, that the petition for a writ of'habeas corpus must be allowed, and the writ must issue.
[2] After the writ has been issued and served and Joyce is in the custody of this court for a rehearing of the case, in accordance with the decision in Chin Yow v. U. S., 208 U. S. 8, 28 Sup. Ct. 201, 52 L. Ed. 369, she may be admitted to bail in the sum of $500, and the case itself may go on the list for September 8th for a hearing on the merits. At that time I will hear and determine the question whether she is entitled to admission.