This is a suit in equity by the government under section 15 of the Naturalization Act of Congress approved June 29, 1906 (34 St. c. 3592, p. 597) to fcancel and set aside a certificate of naturalization issued to the defendant by the district court of Iowa in and for Palo Alto county on May 21, 1912, uppn the alleged grounds that it was procured from said court by the fraud of the defendant and illegally, because the petition for naturalization at the time it was presented in the state court, nor at any time prior to the hearing thereon,
was not supported by a certificate of the Department of Commerce and Labor of the United States, as required by said Naturalization Act, that the defendant did not submit to a physical examination and pay the required head tax on entering the United States, and that the certificate issued to defendant is void. The defendant in answer to the bill alleges, in substance, that the Department oí Commerce and Labor directed its chief naturalization examiner to appear in the state court at the time fixed for the hearing of. the petition and object on its behalf to the granting of the petition (which he did) upon the grounds alleged in the bill for setting aside and canceling the certificate, which objection it is alleged was overruled by the state court, and upon hearing the evidence admitted the defendant to citizenship and granted to him a certificate thereof in due form; that such judgment or decree of the state is res adjudicata, and cannot be called in question in this proceeding.
The failure to submit to a physical examination and pay the required heqd tax is not urged in argument in behalf of the government, and is not therefore considered.
The facts are agreed upon, were fully discussed at the bar, and many authorities have been cited by counsel in support of thedr respective contentions. It would serve 'no useful purpose to review them, and it must suffice to say that upon a careful, consideration of the facts and authorities submitted the conclusion is that the failure to attach the certificate of the Department of Commerce and Labor of the arrival of *171the defendant in the United States to the petition for naturalization, even if essential to prove on the hearing of the petition, was not jurisdictional ; that the state court had undoubted jurisdiction to hear the petition as presented to it; that no fraud upon the part of the defendant in procuring the same was shown; that the failure to file the certificate with the petition was not an “illegality” within the meaning of section 15 of the Naturalization Act of. 1906; that the judgment of the state court is res adjudicata and cannot be rightly set aside in this proceeding. Whether or not the judgment of the state court admitting the defendant to citizenship is or is not reviewable upon appeal or writ of error by some other court is quite immaterial. ‘ Congress has conferred upon certain state courts undoubted jurisdiction to hear the applications of aliens to become citizens, and grant or deny such applications as the facts may warrant. .If their judgments are not reviewable under the state practice, Congress has not provided for a review of them by some appellate court. If citizenship is granted, and the judgment is not tainted with any fraud or misconduct of the party in whose favor they are entered, such judgments are final and conclusive against attack in other courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction. See Spratt v. Spratt, 4 Pet. 393, 408, 7 L. Ed. 897; Southern Pacific R. R. Co. v. United States, 168 U. S. 1, 48, et seq., 18 Sup. Ct. 18, 42 U. Ed. 355; East Chance Mining Co. v. Tyler Mining Co., 157 U. S. 683, 691, 15 Sup. Ct. 733, 39 L. Ed. 859; approved in Johannessen v. United States, 225 U. S. 227, 237, 238, 32 Sup. Ct. 613, 56 L. Ed. 1066; United States v. Lenore (D. C.) 207 Fed. 865, and cases there cited; Regulations of the Department of Commerce and Labor of November 11, 1911, bottom of page 21%
Section 15 of the Naturalization Act of 1906 only authorizes the annullment of judgments of naturalization when procured by fraud, or other illegality as distinguished from errors of procedure, which would vitiate the judgments of all courts; and for this purpose only jurisdiction is conferred upon the federal courts by this section.
The bill should therefore be dismissed; and it is accordingly so ordered.