These causes are pending on motion of plaintiff to remand to the state court, whence they were removed on petition alone of the defendant the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, and on a general demurrer of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company to the petitions filed herein after removal.
[ 1 ] The 'motions to remand will be denied. The petitions name therein as defendants, in addition to the railroad company, six persons by the name of Doe whose true names are unknown, but are said to be the members of the train crew in charge of the train which collided with an automobile in which plaintiff’s decedents were riding, at a pub-*371lie crossing. This collision, it is said, was due to the negligent operation of the train by these several members of its crew. Summons was taken out against all the defendants thus named, but was served only on the railroad company. The action pending at the time of such removal was therefore one against the railroad company alone, and the removal was proper.
[2] Moreover, if summons had or could have been served on the train crew, they would, under the law of Ohio, have been improperly joined, and the controversy between the plaintiff and the defendant railroad company would be a separable controversy from that between the plaintiff and the members of the crew. In Ohio it is settled law that a joint action cannot be maintained against master and servant in any case where the master’s liability for the wrongful and negligent act of the servant arises solely and only from the legal relationship existing between them under the rule of respondeat superior, and not by reason or because of the master’s personal participation in such wrongful or negligent act. Clark v. Fry, 8 Ohio St. 358, 72 Am. Dec. 590; French, Adm’r, v. Construction Co., 76 Ohio St. 509, 518, 81 N. E. 751, 12 L. R. A. (N. S.) 669; Robbins v. Pennsylvania Co. (6 C. C. A.) 245 Fed. 435, 157 C. C. A. 597.
[3] Upon the facts stated in the two petitions, these cases fall within this rule, and the state rule is controlling in this court as to the right of removal. If under the state law a joint action cannot be maintained against the master and servant, the controversy, when both are joined, is a separable one which may be removed. Robbins v. Pennsylvania Co., supra, 245 Fed. 435, 157 C. C. A. 597; Veariel v. United Eng. & Foundry Co. (Day, Judge) 197 Fed. (D. C.) 877; Chicago, etc., Ry. v. Schwyhart, 227 U. S. 184, 33 Sup. Ct. 250, 57 L. Ed. 473. The two federal cases last cited arose in Ohio and were held removable for the reasons herein stated.
[4] The demurrers of the defendant railroad company will be sustained. The collision occurred and the cause of action arojse June 22, 1919. On this date the lines of the defendant railroad company were being operated by the Director General of Railroads under what is known as federal control. The liability, if any, for injuries thus caused is upon the Director General, and not upon the railroad company as-owner of the lines. This is settled law. See Haubert v. Railroad Co. (D. C.) 259 Fed. 361; Erie Railroad Co. v. Caldwell (6 C. C. A.) 264 Fed. 947. The holding of these cases has been approved and adopted by the U. S. Supreme Court in a recent case (Missouri Pac. R. Co. v. Ault, 255 U. S. -, 41 Sup. Ct. 593, 65 L. Ed. -) in which Mr. Justice Brandéis delivered the opinion.
Plaintiff’s motions to remand will be overruled. Defendants’ demurrers will be sustained. Proper exceptions will be allowed plaintiff.
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