96-416
No. 96-416
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
1997
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellant,
v.
THOMAS CHARLES JENNI,
Defendant and Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Tenth Judicial District,
In and for the County of Fergus,
The Honorable John R. Christensen, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Hon. Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General;
Cregg W. Coughlin (argued) , Assistant Attorney General;
Helena, Montana
Thomas P. Meissner, Fergus County Attorney;
Lewistown, Montana
For Respondent:
Torger Oaas (argued); Attorney at Law;
Lewistown, Montana
Submitted: April 22, 1997
Decided: May 29, 1997
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Terry N. Trieweiler delivered the Opinion of the Court.
The defendant, Thomas Charles Jenni, was charged by information, filed in the
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District Court for the Tenth Judicial District in Fergus County, with the offense of
driving while under the influence of alcohol, in violation of 61-8-401(1)(a), MCA.
Based on his three prior convictions for DUI, the information charged him with a felony,
pursuant to 61-8-714(4) and -722(4), MCA. He filed a motion to dismiss the felony
DUI charge, which the District Court granted. The State of Montana appeals. We affirm
the judgment of the District Court.
The sole issue on appeal is whether the District Court erred when it dismissed the
felony DUI charge against Thomas Charles Jenni?
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
On February 27, 1996, Thomas Charles Jenni was charged by information with
the offense of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. The charge
alleged in the information would, if proven, have constituted his fourth DUI offense. He
was previously convicted of DUI in Fergus County in 1985, in Yellowstone County in
1990, and in Phillips County in 1992. Based on those three prior convictions, the
information charged him with a felony, pursuant to 61-8-714(4) and -722(4), MCA.
Jenni filed a motion to dismiss the felony DUI charge in which he contended that,
at the time he pled guilty to the prior DUI charges, he was not, in fact, represented by
an attorney, he had not been adequately advised of his constitutional right to an attorney,
and he had not waived his right to an attorney. On that basis, he asserted that his prior
DUI convictions were entered in derogation of his constitutional rights, and therefore,
cannot be used to increase the current DUI charge to a felony.
In support of his motion, he submitted an affidavit which provides, in relevant
part, as follows:
1. I plead [sic] guilty to a D.U.I. charge in June of 1985 in Justice
Court, Fergus County. I spent 7 days in jail. I was not represented by an
attorney nor was I advised by the Court that a court appointed attorney
would be appointed for me, if I could not afford one.
3. I plead [sic] guilty to a D.U.I. charge in December of 1992 in Justice
Court, Phillips County. I spent one night in jail. I was not represented by
an attorney nor was I advised by the Court that a court appointed attorney
would be appointed for me, if I could not afford one.
In response, the State maintained that a presumption of regularity is attached to
Jenni's prior convictions and that his evidence fails to establish that his prior convictions
were invalid. The State further contended that the City Court records from Jenni's prior
convictions indicate that he was informed of the charges filed against him and of his
rights. Those records, however, do not identify the specific rights of which he was
advised.
The District Court granted Jenni's motion to dismiss the felony DUI charge. In
its written order, the District Court concluded that:
[W]here the record is essentially silent as to whether the accused was
advised of all of his constitutional rights including the right to be appointed
counsel if indigent, the burden is shifted by Affidavit to the State to come
forward with substantial evidence that the Defendant was constitutionally
advised and his waiver was knowingly entered.
Accordingly, the District Court determined that Jenni's affidavit shifted the burden
of proof to the State. It then made the following findings of fact with regard to Jenni's
1985 and 1992 DUI convictions:
Though it appears [Jenni] was informed of the charges and of his rights,
there is no indication from the citations or the minutes attached thereto that
[Jenni] was advised of his right to counsel.
Based on its findings of fact, and the application of its legal conclusions to those
facts, the District Court held as follows:
[T]he record is silent and waiver of counsel from such a silent record is
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impermissible . . . . The Court having held that the citations . . .
[regarding Jenni's 1985 and 1992 DUI convictions] may not be used for
enhancement purposes, Count I of the Information charging [Jenni] with
Felony DUI must be reduced to a misdemeanor charge . . . .
DISCUSSION
Did the District Court err when it dismissed the felony DUI charge against Thomas
Charles Jenni?
When we review a district court's conclusions of law, the standard of review is
plenary and we must determine whether the district court's conclusions are correct as a
matter of law. State v. Rushton (1994), 264 Mont. 248, 254-55, 870 P.2d 1355, 1359;
State v. Sage (1992), 255 Mont. 227, 229, 841 P.2d 1142, 1143. When we review a
district court's findings of fact, the standard of review is whether those findings are
clearly erroneous. Daines v. Knight (1995), 269 Mont. 320, 324, 888 P.2d 904, 906.
In this case, the State contends, on appeal, that the District Court erred when it
dismissed the felony DUI charge against Jenni.
The State asserts the same two arguments in support of its contention that it
asserted in State v. Okland (Mont. May 29, 1997), No. 96-362, i.e., that (1) a
presumption of regularity attaches to prior convictions and that, (2) even if the District
Court did, in fact, recognize the presumption of regularity and assign the respective
burdens of proof accordingly, it erred when it determined that the evidence presented by
Jenni--his affidavit--effectively rebutted the presumption and shifted the burden of proof
to the State.
We conclude, as we did in Okland, that: (1) a rebuttable presumption of regularity
does attach to prior convictions; (2) that presumption may be overcome by direct
evidence of irregularity; and that (3) once direct evidence of irregularity is offered by the
defendant, the burden shifts to the State to prove, by direct evidence, that the prior
conviction was not obtained in violation of the defendant's rights. See Okland, No. 96-
362, slip op. at 11-12.
Pursuant to that procedural framework, we must first determine whether Jenni
presented direct evidence in support of his claim that his constitutional rights were
violated in a prior proceeding. In support of his claim, Jenni submitted an affidavit
which states, in relevant part, as follows:
1. I plead [sic] guilty to a D.U.I. charge in June of 1985 in Justice
Court, Fergus County. I spent 7 days in jail. I was not represented by an
attorney nor was I advised by the Court that a court appointed attorney
would be appointed for me, if I could not afford one.
3. I plead [sic] guilty to a D.U.I. charge in December of 1992 in Justice
Court, Phillips County. I spent one night in jail. I was not represented by
an attorney nor was I advised by the Court that a court appointed attorney
would be appointed for me, if I could not afford one.
Jenni's affidavit asserts that: (a) he was not advised of his right to a court-
appointed attorney in the event that he could not afford one; (b) he was convicted without
the assistance of counsel; and (c) he was actually imprisoned as the result of his
uncounseled convictions. We therefore conclude that Jenni's direct evidence of a
constitutional infirmity in the prior proceedings is sufficient to rebut the presumption of
regularity and to shift the burden of proof to the State.
Next, we must determine whether the State presented direct evidence that Jenni's
prior convictions were not entered in violation of his constitutional rights. The State
relies on the City Court records from Jenni's prior convictions which were submitted into
evidence. Although those records indicate, in general terms, that he was informed of the
charges filed against him and of his rights, they do not delineate the specific rights of
which he was advised. Those records, therefore, do not affirmatively establish that Jenni
was advised of his constitutional right to an attorney or that he knowingly and
intelligently waived that right. However, the evidence establishes that Jenni was not
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provided a court-appointed attorney and that he was convicted without the assistance of
counsel.
We conclude that, based on Jenni's direct evidence that he was convicted without
the assistance of counsel and that he was not advised of his constitutional right to
court-appointed counsel, the burden shifted to the State to present direct evidence that
Jenni's prior convictions were not entered in violation of his right to counsel and that the
State failed to meet that burden. Accordingly, we hold that the District Court did not err
when it dismissed the felony DUI charge against Thomas Charles Jenni. The judgment
of the District Court is affirmed.
/S/ TERRY N. TRIEWEILER
We Concur:
/S/ J. A. TURNAGE
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
/S/ WILLIAM E. HUNT, SR.
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ JIM REGNIER
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