This bill is brought upon letters patent Ho. 9,414, reissued October 12, 1880, for original patent Ho. 226,-052,' dated March 30, 1880, and granted to John Ericsson, assignor, on an application filed February 19, .1880, for an air engine. The principal defense is that the machine had been in public use and on *381sale for more Ilian two years prior to the application. The proofs clearly show that C. H. de Lamater & Co., assignees of the invention, made' several of these engines, and set up one for Jonathan Thorne, charged it, to him, and sent a, bill of it, which he paid by check October 6, 1875; that they sold another to Itussell H. Hoadley in the summer of 1877, for which he paid $250; and that they sold some others; but these sales are the most significant. The plaintiffs claim that these engines wore sold among friends for experimental use; but they were sold without reservation, and the experiment seems to have been more to see if unskilled persons could operate them than for the improvement of the machines. In Egbert v. Lippmann, 101 U. S. 333, the use of a pair of corset steels presented by the inventor to a friend was held to be sufficient to avoid the patent. The case at; bar differs from Manufacturing Co. v. Sprague, 123 U. S. 249, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 122, where the sale was of the product; of the machine itself. The court there said:
“A single sale to another o£ such n machine as that shown to have been in use by the complainant more than iwo years prior to the date of his application would certainly have defeated tiis right to a patent.”
The engines sold were like those of the patent in all respects, except that in those a walking beam moved by the working piston was crooked, and at its end worked a pump at the side of the cylinder, while in those of the patent the walking beam is straight, and works the pump a,t the side of the cylinder opposite to the pivot of the walking beam; and in those the rod of the exchange piston was connected with the ends of a forked lever by a straight crosshead on the piston rod, and straight rods from the ends of the crosshead to the ends of the forked lever, while in those of the patent this connection is made by arched rods between the ends of the forked lever and the head of the piston rod. The walking beam was made straight in one of the first engines; the arched rods first appear in the application for the patent. The arched rods are better than the crosshead and straight rods were, and the straight walking beam is better where there is room for it than the crooked one was, hut they do the same things in the same way. All the claims are for combinations of parts in such an engine; and the crosshead and straight nods were equivalents for the arched rods, and the crooked walking beam for the straight one, wherever found in these combinations. Those engines sold would have been full infringements of the patent. These absolute sales of these engines by those acting under the inventor, without reserve, more «han two years before the application, appear to be a full answer to the patent.
Let a decree be entered dismissing the bill, with costs.