No. 03-634
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2004 MT 214
RSG HOLDINGS,
Petitioner and Respondent,
v.
MISSOULA IRRIGATION DISTRICT,
Respondent and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Fourth Judicial District,
In and for the County of Missoula, Cause No. DV 97-8751-279,
The Hon. Ed McLean, Hon. John S. Henson, Hon. John W. Larson and Hon.
Douglas Harkin, Judges presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Richard R. Buley, Tipp & Buley, Missoula, Montana
For Respondent:
John R. Gordon, Spoon, Gordon & McHugh, P.C., Missoula, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: March 9, 2004
Decided: August 17, 2004
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Jim Regnier delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 The Missoula Irrigation District (MID) appeals from the Notice of Entry of a Decree
Granting Exclusion from the MID for numerous Petitioners entered by the Fourth Judicial
District Court. We affirm in part and reverse in part. MID raises the following issues on
appeal:
¶2 1. Did the District Court deny MID due process by making findings of fact without
hearing and without evidence in the record?
¶3 2. Did the District Court have any authority to order MID to reimburse taxes paid
without protest by RSG Holdings?
¶4 3. Did the District Court abuse its discretion when it denied MID’s motion to amend
its response?
BACKGROUND
¶5 From 1997 to December 31, 1998, over 500 parties, including RSG Holdings,
petitioned for exclusion of their land from the MID pursuant to § 85-7-1846, MCA (1997).
The District Court consolidated all the petitions for purposes of determining the issues of law
and developing a procedure to dispose of each petition. In 2002, this Court considered
several issues between these parties in Geil v. Missoula Irr. Dist., 2002 MT 269, 312 Mont.
320, 59 P.3d 398 (hereinafter referred to as Geil I). The issues in the case currently before
us arose from the same transaction as the issues in Geil I. This Court presented a detailed
factual background in that case and will not be repeated here. Rather, we provide only those
facts necessary to understand our ruling here.
¶6 In 1997, the Montana legislature passed Senate Bill 284, which essentially provided,
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temporarily, a less stringent process for a landowner holding title to land within an irrigation
district to petition for exclusion of the tract from the district. The MID challenged the
constitutionality of the bill based upon equal protection and denial of procedural due process,
and in Geil I, we held that such legislation was constitutional. See Geil I, ¶¶ 33-64.
¶7 On February 25, 2003, the MID filed a motion to amend its response to the numerous
petitions. On June 17, 2003, the District Court issued an Order denying MID’s motion. In
its petition, RSG Holdings did not request reimbursement of taxes or assessments. Based
upon the doctrine of finality of judgments, undue delay and prejudice to the Petitioners, the
District Court denied MID’s motion to amend. Yet, in granting its Decree of Exclusion, the
court provided the MID with a comment period in which it had the opportunity to provide
specific factual issues supporting its objection to the exclusion of identified land tracts. If
the MID could provide such evidence, the court provided a hearing date for presentation of
arguments. The MID submitted a response, however, the court determined that it had not
provided any new information therefore, on July 16, 2003, it issued a Decree Granting
Exclusion from the MID and Order Appointing Standing Master for Purpose of Hearing.
¶8 On July 29, 2003, and August 26, 2003, a hearing was held before the Standing
Master to determine the status of excluding numerous properties from MID. On August 26,
2003, the court finalized the June 17, 2003, Order Concerning Decree Granting Exclusion
From the MID. The MID appeals from the District Court’s Order Concerning Decree
Granting Exclusion From the MID and denial of its motion to amend.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶9 In reviewing a district court's conclusion of law, our standard of review is plenary and
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this Court must determine whether its interpretation of the law is correct. Dukes v. Sirius
Const., Inc., 2003 MT 152, ¶ 11, 316 Mont. 226, ¶ 11, 73 P.3d 781, ¶ 11. We review a
district court's denial of a motion to amend the pleadings to determine whether the district
court abused its discretion. Loomis v. Luraski, 2001 MT 223, ¶ 24, 306 Mont. 478, ¶ 24, 36
P.3d 862, ¶ 24.
DISCUSSION
ISSUE ONE
¶10 Did the District Court deny MID due process by making findings of fact without
hearing and without evidence in the record?
¶11 In arguing that the court impermissibly denied it due process, the MID claims that the
District Court made factual determinations without notice, in secret and without the MID
having an opportunity to be involved in the decision making process. MID again raises the
claim that the statutes considered in Geil I are, on their face, unconstitutional and the
procedure that the District Court followed denied it of an opportunity to be heard at a
meaningful time, in a meaningful manner.
¶12 Article II, Section 17 of the Montana Constitution, the due process clause, provides
that "[n]o person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law."
This Court said in Geil I that §§ 85-7-1802(2) and -1846, MCA (1997), satisfied due process
and were constitutionally valid because they satisfy the notice and hearing requirements of
due process. See Geil I, ¶¶ 59-63. Furthermore, we stated that § 85-7-1846, MCA (1997),
comports with the fundamental due process requirement of opportunity to be heard at a
meaningful time and in a meaningful manner, because a district court may hold a hearing if
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necessary, but it is not required to, in order to resolve the facts of the petition. See Geil I,
¶ 63.
¶13 However, MID neglects to cite to any legal authority and merely states its claims,
failing to follow with any legal argument or analysis. It also neglects to illustrate how the
process in which the District Court disposed of the petitions denied it an opportunity to be
heard at a meaningful time in a meaningful manner. In fact, according to the record, it
ignored the opportunity to introduce new information three times: (1) the fifteen day period
in which the court gave MID to provide specific factual issues supporting its objections and
subsequent opportunity for hearing on July 29, 2003, if it did so; (2) the hearing held on July
29, 2003, in front of the Standing Master; and (3) the hearing held on August 26, 2003, in
front of the Standing Master. Furthermore, the MID fails to provide any analysis as to what
process was due in this case. Finally, the MID states that in entering its Order, the District
Court “apparently got together, without notice, and in secret” and disposed of the case, but
this is mere conjecture, and RSG Holdings and this Court are left to guess what it means.
¶14 The appellant carries the burden of establishing error by the trial court, and Rule
23(a)(4), M.R.App.P., requires the appellant to cite authority that supports the position being
advanced on appeal. Small v. Good (1997), 284 Mont. 159, 163, 943 P.2d 1258, 1260. As
we said in Geil I, the statutes do not require a hearing, and the MID fails to establish how
the process enacted by the District Court in this case deprived it of due process. As a result
of MID’s lack of offering of a discernable argument or legal support for its claim that it was
denied due process violative of its state constitutional rights, we decline to further address
the issue.
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ISSUE TWO
¶15 Did the District Court have any authority to order MID to reimburse taxes paid
without protest by RSG Holdings?
¶16 In its July 16, 2003, Decree, the District Court ordered that back taxes shall be
reimbursed to the Petitioners as of the date they filed their petitions. The MID objected to
such order on the bases that: the District Court lacked authority to order a refund of taxes;
the relief available did not include refund of taxes, only exclusion from the MID as dictated
by statute; the statutes did not establish a protest fund; and none of the petitioners argued that
the assessments made in this case were unlawful in any manner. Furthermore, the MID
points out that taxes assessed applied to administrative costs, maintenance and repairs to the
irrigation facility.
¶17 Relying upon Seubert v. Seubert, 2000 MT 241, 301 Mont. 382, 13 P.3d 365, RSG
Holdings maintains that courts have inherent powers to be used on occasions not provided
for by established methods. In order to balance the MID’s extraordinary power to assess
taxes, RSG Holdings asserts that it is within the court’s inherent powers to require
reimbursement of taxes to render justice between the parties. It rebuts the MID’s claim that
because the petitioners did not seek refunds they were ineligible for refunds by stating that
Rule 54(c), M.R.Civ.P., provides courts with jurisdictional authority to grant relief to the
parties even if a party does not demand such relief within its pleading.
¶18 We have carefully reviewed the record and have considered, but are unpersuaded by,
the various arguments raised by RSG Holdings. Absent explicit authorization from the
legislature, we conclude that the judiciary has no power to refund taxes paid without protest.
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Tax refunds are a matter of legislative discretion. Therefore, we conclude that the District
Court abused its discretion when it ordered MID to refund paid taxes from excluded tracts
of land. Thus, we reverse the District Court.
ISSUE THREE
¶19 Did the District Court abuse its discretion when it denied MID’s motion to amend its
response?
¶20 The MID claims that the District Court abused its discretion when it denied its motion
to amend based upon Stanford v. Rosebud County (1992), 254 Mont. 474, 839 P.2d 93,
because it is distinguishable from the case at hand. For instance, it maintains that the District
Court did not make any pretrial orders mandating that all the parties set forth all claims and
defenses, whereas in Stanford, the court had clearly mandated a statement of all claims at the
outset of the litigation. Furthermore, MID argues that the amended petition raised no new
factual issues, rather, it raised a constitutional defense to the filed petitions. Finally, the MID
states that its constitutional claim cannot be barred by res judicata because it did not raise
this constitutional issue previously.
¶21 RSG Holdings highlights the length of this proceeding, and suggests that the MID
brought this new constitutional argument only after the dissent brought it to their attention.
See Geil I, ¶¶ 72-91 (Trieweiler, J., dissenting). They further state that the MID is barred by
res judicata and collateral estoppel because Geil I decided the MID’s constitutional claim.
We agree.
¶22 While Rule 15, M.R.Civ.P., requires that a district court grant leave to file
amendments to pleadings freely in accordance with the liberality doctrine, it is within the
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discretion of a district court to also deny such motions to amend pleadings “when justice so
requires.” Stanford, 254 Mont. at 476, 839 P.2d at 94. This Court will uphold a district
court’s denial of a motion to amend the pleadings absent an abuse of discretion. Here, the
numerous petitioners filed their claims by the statutory deadline of December 1998. The
MID responded and numerous years of litigation ensued. This Court ruled on MID’s original
appeal in 2002. Only after this Court decided Geil I and Justice Trieweiler wrote his dissent
did this constitutional claim occur to the MID. The MID does not cite to any case law to
support its assertion that under Rule 15, M.R.Civ.P., and the liberality doctrine it is entitled
to amend their pleadings. We are unpersuaded by their arguments. Therefore, we conclude
that the District Court did not abuse its discretion when it denied the MID’s motion to
amend. We affirm.
¶23 To summarize, we affirm Issues One and Three and reverse the District Court’s
determination as to Issue Two.
/S/ JIM REGNIER
We Concur:
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ JIM RICE
/S/ JOHN WARNER
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