No. 05-295
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2006 MT 265
_____________________________________
SECURITY ABSTRACT & TITLE COMPANY,
Plaintiff,
v.
SMITH LIVESTOCK, INC.,
Defendant and Respondent,
and
VX RANCH, INC.,
Defendant and Appellant.
_____________________________________
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Sixteenth Judicial District,
In and for the County of Custer, Cause No. DV 02-100,
The Honorable Joe L. Hegel, Presiding Judge.
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Kyle A. Gray, James L. Jones and Jason S. Ritchie, Holland & Hart, LLP,
Billings, Montana
For Respondent:
A. Lance Tonn, Lucas and Tonn, Miles City, Montana
_____________________________________
Submitted on Briefs: May 10, 2006
Decided: October 17, 2006
Filed:
____________________________________________
Clerk
Justice John Warner delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 VX Ranch, Inc., appeals a judgment entered in the Sixteenth Judicial District
Court, Custer County, in favor of Respondent Smith Livestock, Inc., ordering the Clerk
of the District Court to pay Smith Livestock a $100,000.00 earnest money deposit
interplead by Security Abstract and Title Co., and awarding attorney fees and costs to
Security Abstract and Smith Livestock.
¶2 This dispute arises between two corporations that entered into an agreement for
the sale and purchase of ranch property. The District Court, after considering the
evidence, held that the agreement in question was not subject to a contingency that VX
Ranch obtain a loan to finance the transaction and thus Smith Livestock was entitled to
the earnest money deposit.
¶3 Alternatively, the District Court found as a matter of fact that VX Ranch did not
make reasonable efforts to obtain financing, and thus the result would be the same if there
had been a financing contingency in the agreement. While the District Court’s alternate
holding is a determination of fact that is supported by substantial evidence in the record,
and thus not clearly erroneous, discussion of this issue is not required as we agree with
the District Court that the agreement was not subject to a condition precedent that VX
Ranch obtain third party financing.
¶4 On December 7, 2001, VX Ranch sent a written offer to Smith Livestock titled
“Buy-Sell Agreement.” The document is a standard form contract developed by the
Montana Association of Realtors. The blank portions of the form applicable to this
transaction were filled in by a licensed real estate agent.
2
¶5 Under the original Buy-Sell Agreement, VX Ranch was to pay a total of $10.3
million for the properties. Included in this amount was $100,000 in earnest money to be
placed in escrow. The remaining $10.2 million was to be an “additional cash payment,
payable on or before closing.” The relevant portions of the Buy-Sell Agreement appear
as follows:
[Line 33] PURCHASE PRICE AND TERMS:
[Line 34] Total Purchase price is Ten million three hundred thousand U.S. Dollars
[Line 35] ($ 10,300,000) payable as follows:
[Line 36] $ 100,000 earnest money to be applied at closing.
[Line 37] $ 10,200,000 as additional cash payment, payable on or before closing.
[Line 38] $ balance of the purchase price will be financed as follows:
[Line 39] Conventional Other Financing Seller Financing Assumption Home equity
[Line 40] ______________________________________________________________________
[Line 41] ______________________________________________________________________
[Line 42] ______________________________________________________________________
[Line 43] ______________________________________________________________________
[Line 44] ______________________________________________________________________
[Line 45] ______________________________________________________________________
[Line 46] Buyer’s offer is contingent upon obtaining the financing specified herein. If financing
cannot be obtained within the time
[Line 47] set forth in the TIME FOR COMPLETION section, this offer is terminated and the
earnest money will be refunded to the
[Line 48] Buyer.
(Italicization indicates handwriting).
¶6 After several counteroffers, the two parties came to an agreed price of eleven
million dollars. Except for several modifications not relevant to this appeal, 1 all terms
and conditions listed in the Buy-Sell Agreement were incorporated in the final counter
offer executed by both VX Ranch and Smith Livestock. Together, the documents
represent the final sale “Agreement.” 2 Pursuant to the Agreement, VX Ranch deposited
1
For example, the handwritten portions of lines 34, 35, and 37, were modified to reflect
the final sale price. However, lines 36 and 38-45 were not modified.
2
The Buy-Sell Agreement, counter offers, and addendum will hereinafter be referred to
together as the “Agreement.”
3
the $100,000 earnest money with Security Abstract & Title Company. Under the
Agreement, the closing date for the transaction was March 1, 2002.
¶7 On March 15, 2002, both parties signed an “Addendum to Buy/Sell Agreements
and Counter Offers” (“Addendum”), extending the closing date to April 4, 2002. The
Addendum stated, in its entirety:
WHEREAS, SMITH LIVESTOCK INC[.], as “SELLER” and VX
Ranch, Inc., as “PURCHASER”, have entered into a Buy/Sell Agreement
involving the sale and purchase of property commonly referred to as Trail
Creek Ranch in Custer and Carter Counties, Montana, and Cohagen Ranch
in Garfield [County], Montana, and
WHEREAS there has been a delay in obtaining the financing due to
no fault of either party, and
WHEREAS both parties agree to extend the closing date on Line 57
of the Agreement to April 4th, 2002 in order to allow for a reasonable
amount of time to complete the financing.
NOW THEREFORE, it is mutually understood and agreed as
follows:
1. The foregoing recitals are made a part hereof.
2. The SELLER and the PURCHASER agree that the date of closing
shall be April 4th, 2002.
3. All other provisions of the Buy/Sell agreement shall remain in
effect as if the new closing date were part of the original writing.
DATED March 15, 2002.
(Italicization indicates handwriting).
¶8 Despite the extension of the closing date, the purchase of the ranch properties was
not completed. Smith Livestock and VX Ranch each demanded the earnest money, and
Security Abstract and Title Company filed this action in interpleader.
¶9 VX Ranch has contended at all times during this litigation that the Agreement
included a condition precedent that it obtain a loan from a third party lender to finance
some unspecified part of the purchase price prior to the Agreement becoming effective.
4
However, the District Court held that the Agreement did not contain a financing
contingency. VX Ranch now appeals, claiming that the District Court erred in this
conclusion.
¶10 As a preliminary matter, VX Ranch argues that the issue of whether the
Agreement contained a financing contingency was not pled, and the District Court,
therefore, should not have considered whether there was a financing contingency. 3 To
support this notion, VX Ranch cites H-D Irrigating v. Kimble Properties, 2000 MT 212,
301 Mont. 34, 8 P.3d 95, in which this Court stated, “A district court does not have
jurisdiction to grant relief outside of the issues presented by the pleadings[.]” H-D
Irrigating, ¶ 22 (quoting Ryan v. City of Bozeman, 279 Mont. 507, 511, 928 P.2d 228,
230 (1996) (citing Old Fashion Baptist Church v. Mont. Dept. of Rev., 206 Mont. 451,
457, 671 P.2d 625, 628 (1983))). 4
¶11 A court may determine that a party has waived its right to assert a legal theory or
factual issue where that theory or issue is not specified in the pleadings or pretrial order.
Plath v. Schonrock, 2003 MT 21, ¶ 55, 314 Mont. 101, ¶ 55, 64 P.3d 984, ¶ 55.
However, the pretrial order should be liberally construed to permit any issues at the trial
that are embraced within the language. Bell v. Richards, 228 Mont. 215, 217, 741 P.2d
788, 790 (1987). Even where unspecified, the district court may still allow a theory or
3
VX Ranch argues the District Court had “jurisdiction” to decide only whether it made a
reasonable attempt to obtain financing for the purchase.
4
The language in H-D Irrigating and subsequent cases, to the extent they say that a court
loses “jurisdiction” over an issue that is not specified in the pleadings or pretrial order, is
incorrect. To clarify this mischaracterization we look to the more recent case law
discussed herein.
5
issue to be introduced into the litigation where the theory or issue can be implied from the
pleadings or pretrial order. Plath, ¶¶ 50, 55 (citing Nentwig v. United Industry, Inc., 256
Mont. 134, 139, 845 P.2d 99, 102-103 (1992)). As stated in Plath:
[W]hile the pre-trial order may be the beginning, it is never the end of a
matter of this sort. It normally controls the subsequent course of the action,
but not if it is modified at the trial to prevent manifest injustice. The
judicial function does not terminate upon discovery that an issue is
unspecified, but extends to a determination as to whether the ends of justice
implore that the issue nonetheless be introduced into the litigation. This
frequently involves a delicate balance of competing considerations, variable
from case to case, in order that the decision may be soundly made. And
absent perceptible irregularity in a process so largely discretionary, we are
loath to disturb the result.
Plath, ¶ 50 (quoting Nentwig, 256 Mont. at 139, 845 P.2d at 102-103) (internal quotation
omitted). Thus, where a legal theory or factual issue is at least implicitly included in the
pretrial order, the district court may allow the introduction of evidence to support the
theory or issue. 5 Plath, ¶ 55.
¶12 We conclude the District Court acted within the scope of the pleadings when it
considered whether a financing contingency was included in the Agreement. Smith
Livestock did not waive its right to assert the theory that there was no financing
contingency. In its answer to Security Abstract and Title Company’s complaint, Smith
Livestock stated that the District Court should “declare that Smith Livestock is entitled to
the earnest money together with accrued interest.” This statement alone put VX Ranch
on notice that entitlement to the escrow money was in dispute and thus, by implication,
the terms and conditions in the controlling Agreement would inevitably be at issue in this
5
This is a discretionary power of the district court, separate from that granted under Rule
15(a), M.R.Civ.P., to allow a party to formally amend its pleadings.
6
case. In the District Court’s pretrial order, which was signed and filed the same day that
the District Court denied VX Ranch’s motion for summary judgment, Smith Livestock
again contended that “it should be entitled to keep the earnest money pursuant to the
terms of the Buy-Sell Agreement.” Thus, at a minimum, it can be implied from the
pleadings and pretrial order that the interpretation of the Agreement and whether it
contained an express financing contingency was preserved for the District Court’s
consideration. See Plath, ¶¶ 50-51; see also H-D Irrigating, ¶ 23 (pleadings and pretrial
order, although not expressly referencing constructive fraud, gave parties sufficient notice
of the issue, and the district court, therefore, did not err in considering the issue).
¶13 Further, a review of the District Court transcript shows that evidence of the
parties’ intent in creating the Agreement, specifically whether it was contingent upon VX
Ranch obtaining third party financing, was presented throughout the trial. VX Ranch
made no contemporaneous objection to the evidence concerning whether the Agreement
was contingent upon its obtaining this financing.
¶14 During the course of the litigation, VX Ranch filed a motion for summary
judgment claiming that the Agreement was subject to a contingency that it obtain
financing from a third party, and thus it was entitled to the return of its earnest money
deposit as a matter of law. Smith Ranch, in opposition to the motion for summary
judgment, argued that a material issue of fact was present as to whether VX Ranch used
reasonable efforts to obtain financing. The District Court agreed with Smith Ranch, and
denied VX Ranch’s motion for summary judgment. The dissent would seem to say that
because Smith Livestock did not argue that there was no financing contingency in the
7
Agreement in its opposition to VX Ranch’s motion for summary judgment, it was
somehow precluded from making this an issue at trial. However, the denial of a motion
for summary judgment does not settle or even tentatively decide anything about the
merits of the claim. Such a denial is a pretrial order that decides only that the case should
go to trial. Switzerland Cheese Assn., Inc. v. E. Horne’s Market, Inc., 385 U.S. 23, 25, 87
S. Ct. 193, 195 (1966).
¶15 Contrary to the dissent’s statement at ¶ 32, the issue whether the Agreement
contained a condition precedent that VX Ranch obtain third party financing, was an
integral part of the trial. This Court has previously held that when evidence and issues
extrinsic to the pleadings are admitted at trial without objection, the failure to object is an
implicit consent to the litigation of those issues. Glacier Nat. Bank v. Challinor, 253
Mont. 412, 417, 833 P.2d 1046, 1049 (1992). Thus, VX Ranch waived any right to claim
the alleged contingency was not at issue by failing to object to Smith Livestock’s
introduction of evidence refuting any such contingency. Lemley v. Bozeman Community
Hotel Co., 200 Mont. 470, 476, 651 P.2d 979, 981-982 (1982).
¶16 VX Ranch next argues that the District Court erred in finding that the Agreement
did not include a contingency that VX Ranch obtain third party financing. The
construction and interpretation of a written contract is a question of law. Where a
contract has been reduced to writing, the intention of the parties is to be ascertained, if
possible, from the writing alone. Section 28-3-303, MCA; Wurl v. Polson School Dist.
No. 23, 2006 MT 8, ¶ 16, 330 Mont. 282, ¶ 16, 127 P.3d 436, ¶ 16. Thus, where a
8
contract’s terms are clear and unambiguous, a court must apply the language as written.
Wurl, ¶ 16.
¶17 The initial determination of whether an ambiguity exists in a contract is a question
of law for the court. An ambiguity exists where the language of a contract, as a whole, is
reasonably subject to two different interpretations. When a contract is ambiguous, the
intent of the parties in creating the contract becomes a question of fact for the court to
decide in a case that is tried without a jury. Wurl, ¶ 17.
¶18 To support its argument that the Agreement is subject to the contingency that it
obtain third party financing, VX Ranch repeatedly quotes the following language:
Buyer’s offer is contingent upon obtaining the financing specified herein.
If financing cannot be obtained within the time set forth in the TIME FOR
COMPLETION section, this offer is terminated and the earnest money will
be returned to the Buyer.
¶19 VX Ranch claims that this language is clear and unambiguous in conditioning the
Agreement upon financing. However, as noted by the District Court, this language
conditions the Agreement upon the “financing specified herein.” (Emphasis added). As
evidenced by the excerpt from the Agreement noted in ¶ 5 above, the Agreement does not
specify any financing. Those parts of the Agreement that were applicable to financing
(e.g., lines 38-45) were simply left blank. At no point does the Agreement indicate that
payment of the balance of the purchase price (after applying the earnest money) required
that VX Ranch obtain third party financing. To the contrary, line 37 specified that the
balance would be made as an “additional cash payment, payable on or before closing.”
¶20 The dissent, at ¶ 33, posits that the form language stating that the “offer is
9
contingent on obtaining the financing specified herein,” clearly and unambiguously
establishes that financing was required, and assumes that “financing” refers to some type
of third party financing, even though none was specified. However, the form contract
does provide boxes to specify the type of financing required, and also spaces to specify
the particular financing, all of which are left blank.
¶21 The dissent goes on to state that the language which predicates the termination of
the Agreement, and the refund of the earnest money, on obtaining financing within the
time set forth in the Agreement’s TIME FOR COMPLETION section, makes it clear that
obtaining financing was a condition precedent to completing the sale. However, to the
contrary, the TIME FOR COMPLETION section of the Agreement bolsters the
conclusion that no third party financing was contemplated in the original Agreement.
Such section states:
TIME FOR COMPLETION: If third party financing of the type specified
herein is required by the terms of this Agreement (includes assumptions,
contracts for deed, and lender financing), the closing shall occur on the date
specified or as soon thereafter as financing is completed, but no later than
30 days after the stated closing date.
(Emphasis added). The TIME FOR COMPLETION clause of the Agreement begins with
the word “If,” and the condition is that there be a type of financing specified. Of course,
no type of third party (lender) financing is specified. Thus, by its plain terms, the TIME
FOR COMPLETION section is not applicable, and by reference neither is that section
that makes VX Ranch’s offer contingent on its obtaining financing.
¶22 The Agreement further states at lines 67-70:
10
FINANCING CONDITIONS AND OBLIGATIONS: BUYER’S
REPRESENTATION OF FUNDS: Buyer represents that they have
sufficient funds for the down payment and closing costs to close the sale in
accordance with this Agreement and are not relying upon any contingent
source of such funds unless otherwise expressly set forth herein.
(Emphasis added). This is the third section of the form agreement that provides that
unless some type of third party financing is set out in the Agreement, it is not contingent
on the VX Ranch obtaining such. In the Agreement, VX Ranch, the buyer, represented
that it had sufficient funds to close the sale and was not relying on any contingent
sources. Because no financing is specified in the Agreement, and VX Ranch represented
that it had sufficient funds to close the sale, we must conclude that this portion of the
Agreement is unambiguous in that it requires the buyer to have “sufficient funds for . . .
closing costs” without any “contingent sources” of financing.
¶23 Also, as noted by the District Court, the printed form agreement contains a section
entitled “Loan Application” which provides that if the buyer, VX Ranch in this instance,
fails to make a written application for financing and pay a lender any required fees by a
time to be inserted in the form, the buyer would be in breach of the Agreement. The
blank for insertion of the time by which this must be done is marked “N/A.” This is a
further indication that VX Ranch was not going to apply for a loan and thus there was to
be no lender financing.
¶24 VX Ranch argues, however, that the Addendum portion of the Agreement, set
forth at ¶ 7 above, supports its argument that the Agreement was from the beginning
conditioned upon its obtaining financing. As it was executed by both parties, the
Addendum was made a part of the Agreement and the entire Agreement, including the
11
Addendum, must be analyzed to determine if it required third party financing as VX
Ranch contends. Section 28-2-1602, MCA.
¶25 The relevant portion of the Addendum states:
[T]here has been a delay in obtaining the financing due to no fault of
either party, and
. . . both parties agree to extend the closing date on Line 57 of the
Agreement to April 4th, 2002 in order to allow for a reasonable amount of
time to complete the financing.
(Italicization indicates handwriting). Thus, the closing of the transaction was extended to
allow for more time to complete “the financing.” According to Random House Webster’s
Unabridged Dictionary 719 (2nd ed., Random House 1987), the term “financing” means:
1. the act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a purchase or
enterprise. 2. the funds so obtained.
VX Ranch was obviously required to pay for the property in question--that is, to obtain
the necessary financing. Nowhere in the Agreement, including the Addendum, is it
specified that completing the financing means that VX Ranch must obtain a loan from
some third party. Simply extending the closing date to allow for more time for VX
Ranch to come up with the necessary funds does not add such a contingency. It would
have been a simple matter for VX Ranch to insert in its offer to buy the property, or in the
Addendum, a statement that the sale was contingent on its being able to secure a loan for
all or a portion of the purchase price. It did not do so, and thus such a condition
precedent was not a part of the Agreement.
¶26 When VX Ranch requested an extension to obtain financing, it was in Smith
Livestock’s best interest to agree. Smith Livestock had changed its position in reliance
12
on the Agreement. It had sold fifty semi-trailer loads of its cattle, as well as much of its
machinery. These actions answer the dissent’s question posed at ¶ 33, of why Smith
Livestock agreed to a 30-day extension of the closing date to preserve the sale, even
though the Agreement was not subject to a condition precedent that VX Ranch obtain
third party financing.
¶27 David Smith, the President of Smith Livestock, testified that VX Ranch’s request
to extend the closing date was the first knowledge he had that VX Ranch was seeking a
loan. When asked why he agreed to extend the closing date, Smith testified:
Basically I felt at that time that they were still sincere and that, you know,
they just needed just a little more time to wrap this thing up. That’s the
story they gave me.
This is consistent with the language of the Addendum, which does not expressly
condition closing upon VX Ranch’s ability to obtain financing. Although Smith
Livestock’s officers were made aware of VX Ranch’s intention to seek a loan when VX
Ranch asked to extend the closing date, the Addendum does not say that Smith Livestock
agreed to condition the completion of the sale on VX Ranch securing third party
financing.
¶28 We therefore conclude that the District Court did not err in holding as a matter of
law that the Agreement was not contingent upon the ability of VX Ranch to obtain a loan
to make the final payment.
¶29 Affirmed.
/S/ JOHN WARNER
13
We Concur:
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
/S/ JIM RICE
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS
Justice Patricia O. Cotter dissents.
¶ 30 I dissent. I would conclude that the Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and
Judgment of the District Court are intrinsically inconsistent, and that the District Court
erred in its analysis and conclusions. I would reverse and remand with instructions to
enter judgment for VX Ranch.
¶ 31 The Court notes at the outset of its Opinion that the District Court made alternative
findings: either the Agreement between the parties was not subject to a financing
condition, or—if it was—VX Ranch did not make reasonable efforts to obtain such
financing. The Court then proceeds to dismiss the latter alternative altogether, in favor of
the former. ¶ 3. In arriving at this conclusion, the Court selectively ignores what actually
happened prior to and at trial, as well as the clear language of the contracts.
14
¶ 32 Prior to trial, VX Ranch moved for summary judgment. In denying its motion, the
District Court concluded that a disputed issue of fact existed for resolution at trial—i.e.,
whether VX Ranch used reasonable efforts to obtain financing. In fact, the court said in
its order denying summary judgment that “The [c]ourt interprets the phrase in the second
sentence [of the paragraph from the Buy/Sell Agreement quoted by the Court at ¶ 18]
‘[i]f financing cannot be obtained’ as implying a requirement that VX use at least
reasonable efforts to obtain the required financing.” Thus, the District Court clearly
acknowledged that financing was contemplated, and that there was a triable issue of fact
as to whether VX Ranch used reasonable efforts to secure the required financing.
However, the District Court then inexplicably recanted this conclusion in its Findings of
Fact and Conclusions of Law. For the reasons set forth below, it erred in doing so.
¶ 33 The Buy/Sell Agreement, together with the Addendum, clearly establishes the
existence of a financing contingency. If the failure to check one “form of financing” box
or another in the Buy/Sell form raised any genuine question, it was effectively refuted by
the retention of the form language below to the effect that “If financing cannot be
obtained within the time set forth in the TIME FOR COMPLETION section, this offer is
terminated and the earnest money will be returned to the Buyer.” And if the inclusion of
this language was not enough to dispel any ambiguity, then surely the Addendum—a
contract prepared and signed by both parties (as opposed to a form document)
specifically to address financing—puts the issue to rest. The Addendum, the language of
which is set forth verbatim in ¶ 7 of the Court’s Opinion, references the Buy/Sell and
then states as a preamble: “WHEREAS there has been a delay in obtaining the financing
15
due to no fault of either party,” and “WHEREAS both parties agree to extend the closing
. . . in order to allow for more time to complete the financing.” (Emphasis added). If
there was no financing condition, then why sign an Addendum delaying the closing until
it could be obtained?
¶ 34 The Court attempts to explain away the Addendum at ¶ 25, in effect saying, that
the phrase “to allow for more time to complete the financing” really means “to allow
more time for the Buyer to come up with the necessary funds from his own pocket.”
Respectfully, this interpretation is a stretch, especially when read against the District
Court’s own pre-trial conclusion that the parties contemplated that the Buyer would use
reasonable efforts “to obtain the required financing” (see ¶ 32), and in light of the
substantial relevant evidence admitted at trial as to the efforts undertaken by VX Ranch
to secure outside financing. See ¶ 36. The Court’s reading of the phrases “obtaining the
financing” and “complete the financing” as set forth in the Addendum simply cannot, in
my view, be reconciled with the words chosen by the parties for the Addendum;
moreover, it flies in the face of § 1-4-101, MCA, (we are to ascertain and declare what is
in substance contained in the instrument); § 1-4-102, MCA, (we are to construe an
instrument in accordance with the circumstances under which it is made so that the judge
is “placed in the position of those whose language he is to interpret”); § 1-4-103, MCA,
(where general and particular provisions are inconsistent, the latter are paramount); and,
especially, § 1-4-105, MCA, (where an instrument consists partly of written words and
partly of printed words and the two are inconsistent, the former controls the latter) and
§ 28-3-205, MCA, (where the purely original language and the printed form are
16
repugnant, “the latter must be so far disregarded”). If we simply read the words the
parties selected, and do so in accordance with our law on the construction of instruments,
the conclusion that financing was contemplated as a condition of the contract is
inescapable. The District Court’s and this Court’s conclusion to the contrary is patent
error, in my judgment.
¶ 35 The Court also errs in reading more into the language of the Agreement than it
should. At ¶ 19, the Court notes that line 37 of the Agreement specified that the balance
of the purchase price would be by way of “cash payment,” payable at closing. This
language does not support the Court’s conclusion that no financing was contemplated,
because, whether there is outside financing or not, there is always a cash payment at
closing from some entity. Similarly, at ¶ 22, the Court misconstrues the import of the
language at lines 67-70 of the Agreement. The language italicized by the Court does not
suggest there would be no outside sources of financing; rather, this paragraph means only
what it says—i.e., Buyer has sufficient funds for the down payment and closing costs, and
is not relying upon contingent sources for payment of these items.
¶ 36 I would conclude both that financing was clearly contemplated as a condition of
the contract, and that VX Ranch used reasonable efforts to obtain it. The evidence at trial
established that VX contacted a number of lenders, it negotiated with Farm Credit
Services down to the wire, and indicated its willingness to collateralize the purchase with
securities in addition to the property. This being the case, and under the terms of the
Buy/Sell as extended by the Addendum, the contract terminated and the earnest money
should have been returned to VX Ranch.
17
¶ 37 Based upon the foregoing, I would reverse and direct the District Court to enter
judgment for VX Ranch. I dissent from our refusal to do so.
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
Chief Justice Karla M. Gray and Justice James C. Nelson join in the dissenting Opinion
of Justice Patricia O. Cotter.
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
18