DA 06-0277
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2007 MT 225
JOHN WILLIAM ANDERSON,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Ninth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Toole, Cause No. 05-DV-029
Honorable Marc G. Buyske, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jeremy S. Yellin, Attorney at Law, Havre, Montana
For Respondent:
Honorable Mike McGrath, Attorney General; C. Mark Fowler,
Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Merle Raph, County Attorney, Shelby, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: April 4, 2007
Decided: September 11, 2007
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Jim Rice delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Appellant John William Anderson (Anderson) was arrested for driving under the
influence of alcohol (DUI). Anderson was convicted of DUI in the Ninth Judicial
District Court, Toole County, then filed a petition seeking reinstatement of his driver’s
license, pursuant to § 61-8-403(1), MCA. Anderson asserted that his refusal to submit to
a breathalyzer test could not be the basis for the State’s seizure of his driver’s license
because the implied consent advisory was read to him incorrectly. The District Court
entered an order denying Anderson’s petition. We affirm.
¶2 Did the District Court err in denying Anderson’s petition to reinstate his driver’s
license given that Anderson was read the consequences a nonresident motorist would face
after refusing a breath test, rather than the consequences Anderson, a Montana resident,
would face?
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶3 On April 28, 2005, Anderson was arrested for DUI and transported to the Toole
County Safety Facility for processing. Toole County Deputy Sheriff Mark Pattison read
Anderson an implied consent advisory before asking Anderson to submit to a breath test.
Deputy Pattison instructed Anderson that, in accordance with Montana law, a person
operating a motor vehicle in Montana impliedly consents to a breath or blood test for the
presence of alcohol or drugs in the person’s body. Deputy Pattison also read to Anderson
that a nonresident driver who refused to take the test would have his driving privileges
suspended for a minimum of six months. Anderson was further informed that he could
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contest any action taken against his driver’s license and could obtain an independent test
of his breath or blood as well.
¶4 However, despite the fact that Anderson was a Montana resident, he was not read
that portion of the implied consent advisory specifically directed to Montana residents.
Identical to a nonresident’s refusal, a Montana resident’s refusal to submit to a blood
alcohol test also results in a suspension of driving privileges for a minimum of six
months. Anderson refused to submit to the breath test after being read the advisory, and
his driver’s license was seized.
¶5 On February 17, 2006, Anderson filed a brief in support of his petition to reinstate
his driver’s license, arguing that law enforcement’s failure to advise him of the
consequences he, as a Montana resident, would face for refusing a breath test rendered
his subsequent refusal invalid. On March 9, 2006, the District Court issued its order
denying Anderson’s petition, concluding that Anderson presented no evidence that
Deputy Pattison’s reference to nonresident drivers confused Anderson regarding the
consequences of his own refusal to take the breath test. Anderson appeals the District
Court’s denial of his petition.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶6 We review a district court’s denial of a petition for reinstatement of a driver’s
license to determine whether the court’s findings of fact are clearly erroneous and its
conclusions of law are correct. Ellenburg v. Mont. Dept. of Justice, 280 Mont. 268, 270,
929 P.2d 861, 863 (1996).
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DISCUSSION
¶7 Did the District Court err in denying Anderson’s petition to reinstate his driver’s
license given that Anderson was read the consequences a nonresident motorist would face
after refusing a breath test, rather than the consequences Anderson, a Montana resident,
would face?
¶8 Pursuant to § 61-8-403(4)(a), MCA, the District Court reviewed Anderson’s
petition for reinstatement of his driver’s license to determine whether Anderson refused
to submit to a breath test as required by § 61-8-402, MCA. Anderson argues his refusal
to submit to the breath test was invalid because, although he was advised that a
nonresident would have his or her driver’s license suspended, he was unaware that his
own license could also be suspended. In response, the State maintains that the informed
consent advisory is meant to inform a person suspected of DUI of the potentially serious
consequences of refusal, not necessarily of all the specific ramifications. Accordingly,
the State contends that the advisory given to Anderson accomplished that objective
without misleading him.
¶9 Under Montana law, a person who operates a motor vehicle on roads of this state
is deemed to have consented to a blood or breath test to determine the presence of alcohol
or drugs in his or her body. Section 61-8-402(1), MCA. If an arrested driver carries a
Montana driver’s license and refuses testing, the investigating officer must seize the
person’s driver’s license and forward it to the Department of Justice, along with a report
stating the basis for the testing request and the fact of refusal. Section 61-8-402(4),
MCA. The Department is then authorized to suspend the license for six months if it is
that driver’s first refusal, or to revoke the license for one year if it is a second or
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subsequent refusal. Section 61-8-402(4), MCA. Similarly, the Department is authorized
to suspend or revoke nonresident driving privileges in Montana for a minimum of six
months by seizing the driver’s license and forwarding it to the licensing authority of the
nonresident’s home state, along with a report of the nonresident’s refusal to submit to one
or more blood alcohol tests. Section 61-8-402(7), MCA.
¶10 This Court has previously held that persons arrested for DUI need not be made
aware of the specific ramifications of refusing to consent to a blood alcohol test. In State
v. Simmons, 2000 MT 329, 303 Mont. 60, 15 P.3d 408, we stated:
Montana’s implied consent statutes do not specifically require an officer to
provide information to an arrested motorist as to the ramifications of refusal
to take the requested test. In fact, a driver is not entitled to be informed that
he or she may refuse the test. The purpose of the Implied Consent
Advisory is to inform an apparently intoxicated driver of the potentially
serious consequences of refusing to submit to a blood alcohol test and of
his due process protections such as rights to independent testing and post-
testing hearings.
Simmons, ¶ 17 (citations omitted).
¶11 In the District Court, Anderson argued that Deputy Pattison’s error in reading the
advisory left him with the impression that refusing the test would not result in his
Montana driver’s license being seized or suspended. The District Court found that
Anderson presented no evidence indicating that Deputy Pattison’s reference to
nonresident drivers confused Anderson, or led him to believe that his driver’s license
would not be seized should he do so.
¶12 Anderson now argues that “there is no requirement that he show confusion,” but,
rather, that the incorrect advisory language itself constituted error as a matter of law.
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Anderson maintains that he was never informed of the “potentially serious consequences”
of refusing the breath test because he was only told the consequences a nonresident driver
would face upon refusing such a test.
¶13 “The purposes of Montana’s implied consent advisory forms are to put an
apparently intoxicated driver on notice of the potentially serious consequences of
refusing a blood alcohol test, and to alert him to his due process protections germane to
independent testing and post-testing hearings.” City of Missoula v. Fergunson, 2001 MT
69, ¶ 11, 305 Mont. 36, ¶ 11, 22 P.3d 198, ¶ 11 (citing Simmons, ¶ 17). Anderson was
put “on notice” that refusing to take a blood test has potentially serious consequences.
After being advised that a “nonresident driver” would lose his driving privileges for six
months if he refused testing, Anderson was notified of his due process rights to obtain
independent blood testing. Deputy Pattison also advised Anderson that he could contest
any action taken against his driver’s license if he chose not to submit to the requested
testing—an obvious indication that there could be consequences if he refused the breath
test. Anderson was informed that he had a right to a post-test hearing in court. Anderson
was not misled by the State and was sufficiently advised to be on notice of the potentially
serious consequences of refusing the test. This situation is not dissimilar to the one we
faced in Simmons, wherein we rejected a nonresident’s argument that information read to
him regarding the consequences to a resident driver had invalidated the advisory.
Simmons, ¶ 18.
¶14 We agree with the District Court that the information provided to Anderson met
the requirements of Simmons: Anderson was informed that a refusal to submit to a breath
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test would have serious consequences, and he was informed of the due process
protections available to him. The District Court’s findings are not clearly erroneous and
its conclusions of law are correct. We therefore affirm the District Court’s denial of
Anderson’s petition for reinstatement of his driver’s license.
¶15 Affirmed.
/S/ JIM RICE
We concur:
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ JOHN WARNER
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS
Chief Justice Karla M. Gray, dissenting.
¶16 I respectfully dissent from the Court’s opinion. I have no quarrel with the Court’s
quotes from Simmons and Fergunson. It is my view, however, that neither case supports
the Court’s action here.
¶17 The present case involves a Montana driver arrested for DUI, advised of the
ramifications to a nonresident driver upon refusal to submit to a breath test and advised
he could obtain an independent test as well. Anderson also was advised that he could
contest any action taken against his driver’s license. Anderson refused the test, and later
challenged the seizure of his driver’s license via a petition to reinstate.
¶18 In Simmons, the arrestee was a nonresident driver who was advised his license
would be seized and suspended for six months upon refusal to take the test. Stated
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differently, he was given the so-called “Montana resident” form of the implied consent
advisory. He submitted to the test and later—during the proceedings on his DUI
charge—moved the district court to suppress the test results on the basis he was given
erroneous and misleading information about the ramifications of taking or refusing the
test. These facts bear no resemblance to those in the present case. We concluded in
Simmons that the arrestee was provided with “sufficiently accurate information as to the
ramifications of a refusal to submit to testing[,]” because the information he was given
was technically correct.
¶19 The facts in Fergunson were much like those in Simmons: nonresident driver,
given the advisory about the consequences of failing to take the test, submitted to the test
and moved to suppress the test results during the DUI proceeding. The only significant
factual difference between Simmons and Fergunson is that, in the latter case, the
nonresident driver was given both the resident and nonresident advisories. Fergunson, ¶
3. Again, very different facts from those presently before us. We concluded, relying
heavily on Simmons, that the arrestee was “put . . . on notice of the potentially serious
consequences of refusing a blood alcohol test.” Fergunson, ¶ 11.
¶20 I realize, of course, that the Court relies on these cases for the law and not for the
facts. In my opinion, the law does not support the Court either. It is true, as quoted from
Simmons, that the implied consent statutes do not specifically require notice to an arrested
motorist about the ramifications of refusal to take the requested test. It is equally true,
however, that our long-standing jurisprudence, including Simmons and Fergunson, states
that the purpose of the advisory is to inform “an apparently intoxicated driver of the
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potentially serious consequences of refusing to submit to a blood alcohol test.” Simmons,
¶ 17.
¶21 In the present case, Anderson was not informed that his Montana driver’s license
would be seized and suspended. Thus, he was not informed of the potentially serious
consequences of refusing the test. Informing an apparently impaired driver that he could
contest “any action taken” against his license if he refused the test is not at all—at least to
me—equivalent to informing him of what kind of action would be taken upon refusal.
The “potentially serious consequence[] of refusing the test” is the seizure and suspension
of the driver’s license. While the Court apparently thinks advice that Anderson could
contest “any action” is “an obvious indication” that there could be consequences if he
refused, I am not persuaded that a driver supposedly impaired by alcohol who is stopped
after leaving a bar and traveling some distance in his vehicle without headlights at 1:55
a.m., would think the indication was so obvious. Nor am I convinced that advising there
“could” be consequences—when the law requires seizure and suspension of the driver’s
license—is sufficient.
¶22 I dissent from the Court’s opinion. I would reverse the District Court.
/S/ KARLA M. GRAY
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