November 4 2009
DA 09-0095
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2009 MT 373N
JOHN RONALD PRICE,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Sixth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Park, Cause No. DV 08-48
Honorable Wm. Nels Swandal, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Daniel Donovan; Attorney at Law; Great Falls, Montana
For Appellee:
Hon. Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General; John Paulson,
Assistant Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Brett D. Linneweber; Park County Attorney; Livingston, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: September 10, 2009
Decided: November 3, 2009
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice W. William Leaphart delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2006, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme
Court, and its case title, Supreme Court cause number, and disposition shall be included
in this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and
Montana Reports.
¶2 John Price appeals the District Court’s order dismissing his petition for
postconviction relief. We affirm.
¶3 In the underlying case, the State charged Price with assault with a weapon for
cutting the throat of William Yocom at Price’s Livingston house one bibulous evening in
April 2004. That evening, three people were in the house: Yocom, Price, and Frank
Fouse, who was living at Price’s house at that time and who had been previously
acquainted with Yocom. Yocom did not see his assailant, but alleged that at one point in
the evening while he was talking with Fouse, Price walked up behind him and cut his
throat with a knife. Price said Fouse did it. In his interactions with medical personnel
and police that evening, Yocom did not immediately identify who cut his throat. But
after conferring with Fouse, Yocom fingered Price.
¶4 The District Court held a two-day jury trial, for which Kevin Brown was Price’s
appointed defender. Price’s defense was that Fouse did it. In his opening statement,
Brown stated that Fouse had a motive to attack Yocom because Fouse and Yocom had
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engaged in aggressive wrestling the evening of the assault. Brown intended to have Mike
Francell testify about Fouse’s violent character. In anticipation of such testimony, the
State presented testimony by Fouse, Fouse’s ex-wife, and Fouse’s ex-girlfriend, each of
whom testified that Fouse was not violent when he drank. The next day, the District
Court decided sua sponte to limit Francell’s testimony to Fouse’s behavior when he
drinks. Brown then made an offer of proof that Francell would testify that Fouse had
boasted about being a trained killer, had attacked Francell from behind, and had tended to
act violently when drinking. In closing argument, Brown mentioned Fouse’s violent
character when he drinks and his behavior the night of the assault. Brown submitted no
proposed jury instructions. After nine hours of deliberation, the jury convicted Price of
assault with a weapon, and the District Court sentenced him to twenty years in prison
without eligibility for parole.
¶5 In July 2007 Price petitioned for postconviction relief, alleging denial of his right
to present a defense and ineffective assistance of counsel. Price eventually moved for
summary judgment, which he supported with the affidavit of attorney William F. Hooks.
In his affidavit, Hooks attested that Brown’s performance had been deficient. The State
opposed Price’s motion. The District Court denied the motion for summary judgment
and later dismissed Price’s petition. Price timely appealed.
¶6 We review the findings of fact in a district court’s denial of a petition for
postconviction relief for clear error, and the conclusions of law for correctness. Whitlow
v. State, 2008 MT 140, ¶ 9, 343 Mont. 90, 183 P.3d 861. We review ineffective
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assistance of counsel claims de novo. Whitlow, ¶ 9. Our review of issues involving
constitutional law is plenary. City of Missoula v. Cox, 2008 MT 364, ¶ 5, 346 Mont. 422,
196 P.3d 452.
¶7 On appeal, Price presents three arguments. First, the District Court in the original
case denied Price his constitutional right to present a complete defense by sua sponte
excluding the testimony of Francell about Fouse’s character. Second, Brown was
ineffective because he submitted no jury instructions on third-party guilt or Price’s failure
to testify, and failed to challenge the constitutionality of the District Court’s exclusion of
Francell’s testimony. Third, the District Court erred by denying Price’s motion for
summary judgment, which he supported with unrebutted testimony.
¶8 We do not find Price’s arguments convincing. Price’s first argument challenging
the constitutionality of the exclusion of character evidence about Fouse could reasonably
have been raised on direct appeal. Consequently, it may not be raised in his petition for
postconviction relief. Section 46-21-105(2), MCA. The procedural bar aside, a district
court’s exclusion, under Rule 404(b), M. R. Evid., of character evidence offered to
support a propensity inference does not violate a criminal defendant’s right to present a
complete defense. See State v. Giddings, 2009 MT 61, ¶¶ 86, 90, 93, 349 Mont. 347, 208
P.3d 363.
¶9 Price’s second argument also lacks merit. To prevail on a claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel, a criminal defendant must prove (1) that his counsel’s performance
was objectively deficient and (2) that he suffered resulting prejudice. Whitlow v. State,
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2008 MT 140, ¶ 10, 343 Mont. 90, 183 P.3d 861. If a defendant does not make a
sufficient showing regarding one element of the test, then it is unnecessary to address the
other element. Whitlow, ¶ 11. Here, Price has presented no evidence that he was
prejudiced by his counsel’s performance. Brown’s failure to request an instruction on
third-party guilt did not prevent him from presenting his theory to the jury in his opening
and closing arguments and in his examination of witnesses. Moreover, the District Court
instructed the jury on the State’s general burden of proof. Further, Brown’s not
requesting a jury instruction on Price’s failure to testify may have been a tactical decision
to not draw the jury’s attention to his constitutionally protected silence. Finally, given
that we find Price’s constitutional arguments unpersuasive, we cannot find that Brown’s
failure to raise them on direct appeal was prejudicial.
¶10 Price’s third argument is also without merit. Given the preceding conclusions, it
follows that Price was not entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. As regards
Hooks’s affidavit, the District Court, as the trier of fact, was not bound by expert
testimony in resolving Price’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim. Bone v. State, 284
Mont. 293, 305, 944 P.2d 734, 741 (1997), overruled on other grounds, Whitlow, ¶¶ 18
n. 4, 20.
¶11 We have decided to determine this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(i) of
our 1996 Internal Operating Rules, as amended in 2006, which provides for
memorandum opinions. It is manifest on the record before us that the District Court did
not err in its disposition of this matter.
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¶12 We therefore affirm.
/S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART
We concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ PATRICIA O. COTTER
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
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