December 4 2012
DA 12-0016
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2012 MT 280N
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
STEVEN TODD COLVIN,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Second Judicial District,
In and For the County of Silver Bow, Cause No. DC 09-193
Honorable Brad Newman, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jennifer A. Giuttari, Montana Legal Justice, PLLC, Missoula, Montana
For Appellee:
Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General; Tammy A. Hinderman, Assistant
Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Eileen Joyce, Silver Bow County Attorney; Kelli Fivey, Deputy County
Attorney, Butte, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: October 17, 2012
Decided: December 4, 2012
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Michael E Wheat delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating
Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not serve
as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this Court’s
quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana Reports.
¶2 Steven Todd Colvin (Colvin) appeals from a judgment entered by the Second Judicial
District Court, Silver Bow County, denying his motion for a new trial. We affirm.
¶3 On December 11, 2009, Colvin was charged by Information with two counts of felony
assault on a peace officer, two counts of misdemeanor assault with a bodily fluid, one count
of misdemeanor assault, and one count of resisting arrest. The charges all stemmed from an
altercation with two police officers and a private security guard on November 10, 2009.
Colvin pled not guilty and a jury trial was held on June 6-8, 2011.
¶4 Prior to the trial, John Pierce, the security guard involved in the incident, filed a civil
action against several defendants, including Colvin, for an injury he allegedly sustained
during the altercation with Colvin. Colvin, in turn, filed a counterclaim against Pierce. Two
of the expert witnesses who were retained for the civil case also testified for Colvin during
the criminal trial. During the trial, the State pointed this out several times in its closing and
rebuttal arguments.
¶5 The jury convicted Colvin of four of the six counts, acquitting him of one count of
felony assault and one count of assault with a bodily fluid. On July 8, 2011, Colvin filed a
motion for a new trial or, in the alternative, for judgment of acquittal. He argued, in part,
that the State made comments in its closing and rebuttal arguments that amounted to
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prosecutorial misconduct. Specifically, he complained that the State misrepresented the
status of the civil action arising from the incident and unfairly referred to Colvin’s expert
witnesses as “hired guns,” suggesting that Colvin paid them to testify in a specific way.
¶6 The court held a hearing on the motion on August 18, 2011. The court denied the
motion, determining that Colvin’s failure to make a timely objection at trial concerning the
alleged prosecutorial misconduct constituted a waiver of the objection. Colvin timely
appeals.
¶7 We review a district court’s denial of a motion for a new trial for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Parrish, 2010 MT 212, ¶ 14, 357 Mont. 477, 241 P.3d 1041. As a
general rule, parties may raise on direct appeal only those issues and claims that were
properly preserved by timely objection in the trial court. State v. West, 2008 MT 338, ¶ 16,
346 Mont. 244, 194 P.3d 683. This Court may invoke the plain error doctrine “only in
situations that implicate a defendant’s fundamental constitutional rights when failing to
review the alleged error may result in a manifest miscarriage of justice, leave unsettled the
question of the fundamental fairness of the proceedings, or compromise the integrity of the
judicial process.” State v. Lacey, 2012 MT 52, ¶ 14, 364 Mont. 291, 272 P.3d 1288 (citing
State v. Thorp, 2010 MT 92, ¶ 23, 356 Mont. 150, 231 P.3d 1096). We apply plain error
review sparingly. Lacey, ¶ 14 (citing Thorp, ¶ 23).
¶8 On appeal, Colvin points to five specific statements the State made during its closing
and rebuttal arguments that he argues amount to prosecutorial misconduct. Although he
never objected to any of these statements during the State’s closing or rebuttal arguments, he
claims he made a continuing objection during the State’s cross-examination of one of the
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expert witnesses that carried over into the closing arguments. The objection was made
during a line of questioning regarding a doctor’s evaluation of Colvin after the incident.
Specifically, the following discussion occurred:
PROSECUTOR: Is it your testimony today that [the doctor] was in error?
EXPERT: If it’s going to be one or the other, one of the best neurologists in
the country and myself are right.
PROSECUTOR: And so would this be like kind of malpractice on his part
then or something?
EXPERT: Oh—oh, no. Just a difference in professional judgment. And I’m
sure he’s a fine doctor, just a difference in point of view and perhaps history
taking and what information he had. And I’m in no way saying anything
negative about him. It’s a difference of opinion based on information, you
know, that we had and he had.
PROSECUTOR: So Mr. Colvin should include him in his counterclaims
against everybody?
DEFENSE COUNSEL: Objection, Your Honor.
COURT: Sustained.
¶9 Colvin argues that this objection is a continuing objection to a mischaracterization of
the civil case.
¶10 In determining whether an objection made at an earlier phase of a trial constitutes a
continuing objection that carries over into a later phase, we look at how divergent the
objections are in time and subject matter. See State v. Campbell, 241 Mont. 323, 787 P.2d
329 (1990). Here, Colvin did not request that his objection made during cross-examination
of the expert be continuing, nor did he even provide any basis for the objection. Given its
context, the District Court’s order sustaining the objection could have been based on grounds
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that had nothing to do with a mischaracterization of the civil case, such as that it was
argumentative. Colvin’s generic objection was not sufficient to constitute a continuing
objection that carried over into the closing arguments.
¶11 Colvin further argues that even if he did not properly preserve his objection for
appeal, we should review the State’s statements for plain error in the interest of protecting
his constitutional right to a fair trial. He claims the State’s remarks characterized Colvin and
his experts as liars motivated by money, and that such a characterization created a danger
that the jury would adopt the State’s views and not exercise their own judgment. “[A]
prosecutor is entitled to some latitude in his argument about a witness’s credibility.” State v.
Green, 2009 MT 114, ¶ 34, 350 Mont. 141, 205 P.3d 798. And, while it is generally
improper for a prosecutor to offer personal opinions on the credibility of the accused or the
witnesses, it is permissible “to comment on conflicts and contradictions in testimony, as well
as to comment on the evidence presented and suggest to the jury inferences which may be
drawn therefrom.” Green, ¶ 33. After reviewing the State’s remarks made during its closing
and rebuttal arguments, we do not believe Colvin’s right to a fair trial was implicated. We
therefore decline to exercise plain error review.
¶12 For the reasons stated above, we conclude the District Court did not abuse its
discretion when it denied Colvin’s motion for a new trial. We have determined to decide this
case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d), of our Internal Operating Rules, which provides
for noncitable memorandum opinions.
¶13 Affirmed.
/S/ MICHAEL E WHEAT
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We Concur:
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ JIM RICE
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS
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State v. Colvin
Combined Opinion