March 6 2012
DA 11-0149
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2012 MT 50
STATE OF MONTANA,
Plaintiff and Appellee,
v.
LIONEL SCOTT ELLISON,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Yellowstone, Cause No. DC 10-281
Honorable Susan P. Watters, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Lionel Scott Ellison (self-represented litigant); Billings, Montana
For Appellee:
Steve Bullock, Montana Attorney General; Sheri K. Sprigg,
Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana
Scott Twito, Yellowstone County Attorney, Julie Mees,
Deputy County Attorney, Billings, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 11, 2012
Decided: March 6, 2012
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Chief Justice Mike McGrath delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Lionel Ellison (Ellison) was convicted in Yellowstone County Justice Court of
misdemeanor Partner or Family Member Assault (PFMA) pursuant to § 45-5-206, MCA.
He appealed the conviction to the District Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District,
Yellowstone County. Ellison now appeals from an order from the District Court, denying
his motion to supplement the record and denying his issues on appeal. We affirm.
¶2 Ellison claims that the District Court erred when it declined to consider on appeal
evidence that he alleges was withheld by the prosecution in violation of his due process
rights according to Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194 (1963), and § 46-15-
322, MCA. We state the dispositive issue as follows:
¶3 Did the District Court err in denying Ellison’s motions, which were based upon
the State’s alleged withholding of exculpatory information, in violation of his right to due
process?
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶4 Ellison and his wife, Rhonda, were arguing near the front door of their home on
September 19, 2009, when Ellison grabbed her by the arms, put his foot behind her leg,
and pushed her into a post supporting the handrail. She called 911 shortly thereafter, and
a Montana Highway Patrol trooper responded. Observing a fresh minor injury to
Rhonda’s arm, the trooper concluded there was probable cause to arrest Ellison. A
second trooper arrived and took Rhonda’s statement, along with photographs of her
injury and the handrail post.
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¶5 Ellison denied having any physical contact with Rhonda during the argument, and
testified that he had been working on a horse pen when a tool jumped and possibly struck
Rhonda’s arm. He claimed that it was not until later in the day that the trooper
unexpectedly arrived and he was arrested.
¶6 A week after Ellison’s arrest, Rhonda filed a petition for an order of protection.
While both the PFMA charge and the order of protection petition were pending, Ellison
was separately charged with witness tampering. In investigating this latter case, law
enforcement collected two pieces of evidence that constitute the basis for the alleged
Brady violations. The first piece of evidence is the transcript of an undated interview of
Rhonda by a police detective, where she states that, on the day of the PFMA incident, she
had ingested a Lexipro antidepressant, cough medicine, energy drinks, and some diet
pills. She stated that this cocktail made her “really jittery” and gave her the “shakes.” In
this interview she also states, “I thought that they should be aware of that because Lionel
also felt that they should be aware of that.” The second piece of evidence that Ellison
claims was withheld are text messages found on his cell phone, which was seized in the
witness tampering investigation two months after the PFMA incident. The messages,
which Ellison claims were from Rhonda, were received from the address
“anonymous@textem.net,” and read as follows:
Oct. 4, 2009: “I L Y 4vr 2. scared of you tho.”
Oct. 5, 2009: “do you want me dead?”
Oct. 6, 2009: “psswrd 4 ur mail is sillybear”
Oct. 6, 2009: “all ur passwords are sillybear Crgslist + email”
Oct. 6, 2009: “Honey I went 2 C attny 2 day told em truth Manic attack like
AK I know you not hurt only tryn 2 protect ILY PLEASE forgive
PLEASEEE!!! ILY”
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¶7 Both of these pieces of evidence were provided to Ellison’s attorney in the witness
tampering case approximately one month before the PFMA trial. However, Ellison’s
District Court appeal counsel asserted that the evidence should have been provided to the
attorneys in both cases.
STANDARDS OF REVIEW
¶8 Upon Ellison’s appeal from Justice Court, the District Court functioned effectively
as an intermediate appellate court. See §§ 3-5-303 and 3-10-115, MCA. We review the
case as if the appeal originally had been filed in this Court. Stanley v. Lemire, 2006 MT
304, ¶ 26, 334 Mont. 489, 148 P.3d 643. We examine the record independently of the
district court’s decision, reviewing the trial court’s findings of fact under the clearly
erroneous standard, its discretionary rulings for abuse of discretion, and its legal
conclusions and mixed questions of law and fact under the de novo standard. Stanley, ¶
26. We will affirm the district court when it reaches the right result, even if it reaches the
right result for the wrong reason. City of Billings v. Staebler, 2011 MT 254, ¶ 9, 362
Mont. 231, 262 P.3d 1101.
DISCUSSION
¶9 In this case, the District Court found that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction to
provide a ruling on the claims alleged by Ellison because the scope of the court’s
appellate review was limited to the record from the Justice Court. Ellison argues that §
46-20-701(2)(b), MCA (commonly referred to as the plain error rule), constitutes a
statutory exception that should have allowed the District Court to consider his new
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evidence. The State argues that § 46-20-701(2)(b), MCA, simply constitutes an
exception to the rule that failure to make a timely objection constitutes waiver, but that it
does not excuse the need for a record with which to conduct appellate review.
¶10 A district court’s power to review justice court decisions is provided by Montana
law, reading in pertinent part:
(1) A party may appeal to district court a judgment or order from a
justice’s court of record. The appeal is confined to review of the record and
questions of law, subject to the supreme court’s rulemaking and
supervisory authority.
. . .
(3) The district court may affirm, reverse, or amend any appealed
order or judgment and may direct the proper order or judgment to be
entered or direct that a new trial or further proceeding be had in the court
from which the appeal was taken.
Section 3-10-115(1), (3), MCA. Accordingly, “[w]hen a District Court exercises its
power of appellate review, it must refrain from deciding issues not properly raised or
objected to in the court below.” City of Missoula v. Robertson, 2000 MT 52, ¶ 26, 298
Mont. 419, 998 P.2d 144; see also State v. Mix, 239 Mont. 351, 361, 781 P.2d 751, 757
(1989) (“We have long held to the principle that an appellate court in reaching its
decision will only consider material ascertainable from the record.”).
¶11 On the other hand, § 46-20-701(2), MCA, which provides for statutory plain error
review, governs claims that arise on appeal due to suppression of evidence and newly
discovered facts or rights. City of Missoula, ¶ 26; see also State v. Finley, 276 Mont.
126, 915 P.2d 208 (1996), overruled in part on other grounds by State v. Gallagher, 2001
MT 39, ¶ 21, 304 Mont. 215, 19 P.3d 817. The statute reads in relevant part:
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(2) Any error, defect, irregularity, or variance that does not affect
substantial rights must be disregarded. A claim alleging an error affecting
jurisdictional or constitutional rights may not be noticed on appeal if the
alleged error was not objected to as provided in 46-20-104, unless the
convicted person establishes that the error was prejudicial as to the
convicted person’s guilt or punishment and that:
. . .
(b) the prosecutor, the judge, or a law enforcement agency
suppressed evidence from the convicted person or the convicted person’s
attorney that prevented the claim from being raised and disposed of[.]
Section 46-20-701(2)(b), MCA.
¶12 This Court has adopted the rationale in Brady v. Maryland and cases therein, and
we have previously reviewed Brady claims not contained within the record below under
the plain error authority of § 46-20-701(2)(b), MCA. See e.g. State v. Arlington, 265
Mont. 127, 151-152, 875 P.2d 307, 321-322 (1994). Obviously, a defendant alleging that
the prosecution withheld exculpatory information in violation of Brady would be unable
to object at trial if he was unaware that the information had not been disclosed. In this
case, the District Court had two options. First, the District Court could have reviewed
Ellison’s Brady claims on their merits pursuant to § 46-20-701(2)(b), MCA. Second, § 3-
10-115(3), MCA, allows a district court to “direct that a new trial or further proceeding
be had in the court from which the appeal was taken.” In this instance, the District Court
could have ordered the Justice Court to conduct a hearing on the allegation. We hold that
it was error for the District Court not to exercise one of the above options.
¶13 The State contends that Ellison should have either moved for a new trial at the
justice court level, or sought post conviction relief. While the prior option was viable
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given the circumstances, the latter imposes several impediments. First, § 46-21-101(2),
MCA, provides that “[i]f the sentence was imposed by a justice’s, municipal, or city
court, the petition may not be filed unless the petitioner has exhausted all appeal remedies
provided by law.” Thus, having either missed or declined his opportunity to move for a
new trial at Justice Court, Ellison was required to appeal to the District Court as he did.
He would then be entitled to petition for postconviction relief, but face the additional
pitfall of no guarantee to appointed counsel. See § 46-8-104, MCA.
¶14 As noted above, the District Court should have reviewed Ellison’s Brady claim
pursuant to § 46-20-701(2)(b), MCA. However, because we review appeals from the
district court acting in an appellate capacity de novo, we will consider Ellison’s claim on
its merits.
¶15 Under Brady, the State must disclose any evidence that is material to a defendant’s
guilt or punishment. State v. Field, 2005 MT 181, ¶ 22, 328 Mont. 26, 116 P.3d 813; §
46-15-322(1)(e), MCA. The prosecutor also has a continuing duty to promptly disclose
any additional, discoverable evidence pursuant to § 46-15-327, MCA. The State’s failure
to properly release exculpatory, material evidence to a defendant is a violation of the
defendant’s Fourteenth Amendment guarantee of due process, regardless of the
prosecutor’s good faith. State v. Hatfield, 269 Mont. 307, 311, 888 P.2d 899, 901-902
(1995) (citing Brady, 373 U.S. at 87, 83 S. Ct. at 1196-1197).
¶16 “There are three components of a true Brady violation: The evidence at issue must
be favorable to the accused, either because it is exculpatory, or because it is impeaching;
that evidence must have been suppressed by the State, either willfully or inadvertently;
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and prejudice must have ensued.” State v. St. Dennis, 2010 MT 229, ¶ 47, 358 Mont. 88,
244 P.3d 292. In this case, Ellison fails to establish a prima facie Brady violation.
¶17 The evidence that provides the basis for Ellison’s Brady claim is arguably
favorable to his case. However, Ellison has not established that his defense was
prejudiced under these facts.
¶18 Ellison was aware of this information before he went to trial. The State did not
suppress the evidence. The evidence was produced to Ellison’s counsel in the witness
tampering case because it was collected in connection with the investigation of that
charge. Significantly, the text messages that Ellison claims were suppressed by the
prosecution were received on Ellison’s own phone well before the device was seized.
Moreover, as Rhonda noted during the interview with the police detective, she was there
at the behest of Ellison who thought that law enforcement should know about her nervous
condition on the day of the incident. Finally, he claims the information that explains
Rhonda’s “mental and physical state at the pertinent time of the alleged offense” and the
text messages constitute material that he could have used to impeach her as a witness at
trial. However, a review of the record indicates that defense counsel not only elicited
extensive testimony from Rhonda regarding her medications and mental health at the
time of the incident, but that multiple witnesses testified as to Rhonda’s inconsistent
stories regarding the incident. Moreover, nothing precluded the defense from using the
text messages for impeachment purposes.
¶19 Ellison claims that he was entitled to assume that the State would produce this
evidence. To the contrary, “[t]here is no Brady violation when the accused or his counsel
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knows before trial about the allegedly exculpatory information and makes no effort to
obtain its production.” St. Dennis, ¶ 51 (quoting U.S. v. Valera, 845 F.2d 923, 927-928
(11th Cir. 1988)). Moreover, evidence is only material within the meaning of Brady
“when there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed, the result of
the proceeding would have been different.” Smith v. Cain, ___ U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 627,
630, 2012 U.S. LEXIS 576 at *5 (January 10, 2012). We are not persuaded that any of
the evidence in question would have produced a different result in this case. The court
was presented with ample evidence of Ellison’s guilt of PFMA at the bench trial, and the
disputed evidence is not material within the meaning of Brady and its Montana progeny.
¶20 As noted above, we will affirm a district court when it reaches the right result,
even if it reaches such a result for the wrong reasons. The District Court dismissed
Ellison’s Brady claims because it found that they were not ripe for appellate review.
While we disagree with the District Court’s reasoning, we agree with the ultimate
conclusion.
CONCLUSION
¶21 For the foregoing reasons, Ellison’s conviction is affirmed.
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
We concur:
/S/ BETH BAKER
/S/ JAMES C. NELSON
/S/ PATRICIA COTTER
/S/ BRIAN MORRIS
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