January 29 2013
DA 12-0217
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2013 MT 21
GYME KELLY,
Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
STATE OF MONTANA,
Respondent and Appellee.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Twentieth Judicial District,
In and For the County of Lake, Cause No. DC 10-42
Honorable Deborah Kim Christopher, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Gyme A. Kelly, self-represented; Deer Lodge, Montana
For Appellee:
Timothy C. Fox, Montana Attorney General; C. Mark Fowler, Assistant
Attorney General; Helena, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: October 30, 2012
Decided: January 29, 2013
Filed:
__________________________________________
Clerk
Justice Jim Rice delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Gyme Kelly (Kelly) appeals from the order of the Twentieth Judicial District
Court dismissing his petition for postconviction relief. We affirm and address the issue:
¶2 Did the District Court err by dismissing Kelly’s postconviction relief petition as
insufficiently pled?
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
¶3 On February 22, 2010, Polson Police Officer William Cleveland pulled Kelly over
for speeding. Officer Cleveland ultimately arrested Kelly for Driving Under the
Influence (DUI). Based on his previous DUI convictions, the State charged Kelly with
felony DUI and also petitioned to revoke the suspended sentence Kelly was serving for a
previous DUI conviction.
¶4 On November 18, 2010, Kelly appeared before the District Court to enter a guilty
plea to the felony DUI charge and to admit that he had violated the terms of his
suspended sentence. He pled guilty to the felony DUI charge without entering a plea
bargain agreement with the State. The District Court accepted Kelly’s guilty plea and
also revoked Kelly’s suspended sentence. At a later sentencing hearing, the State made
recommendations and the District Court sentenced Kelly to the Montana State Prison for
a term of 40 years with 25 years suspended for the felony DUI, and to a term of 15 years
on the previous DUI for which Kelly’s suspended sentence had been revoked. The court
ordered these sentences to run consecutively.
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¶5 On December 30, 2011, Kelly filed a petition for postconviction relief, asserting
that he received ineffective assistance of counsel in these proceedings. He alleged that
“just prior to sentencing,” his court-appointed attorney told him for the first time that the
State had made a more favorable plea offer before he changed his plea to guilty that
would have resulted in “a lesser amount of time to be served.” The State responded by
asking that Kelly’s petition be dismissed because it failed to provide any factual support
for these allegations—i.e., Kelly did not provide affidavits, record evidence, or other
evidence. The District Court agreed and summarily dismissed Kelly’s petition for failing
to provide factual support for his claim.
¶6 Kelly appeals. Attached to Kelly’s opening brief on appeal is a one-page affidavit
in support of his claim. It avers, in toto:
1. I am the appellant in the above entitled matter.
2. My Counsel at the District Court level was inadequate and failed to
inform me in a timely fashion of my choice of alternatives to accepting the
plea he presented me.
3. After I signed the plea in its present form, I was informed by my
counsel that there was a less harsh plea available but if I were to take it, I
would forfeit my chance at Sentence Review.
4. Had I been informed as to the existence of a less harsh plea by my
counsel I would have persued [sic] that course of action.
5. If my counsel had informed me as to my legal rights upon any
adjudication of guilt being allowed the right to sentence review, I would
have persued [sic] a different course of action than I did.
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STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶7 When a district court dismisses a petition for postconviction relief as a matter of
law, we review that legal conclusion for correctness. Herman v. State, 2006 MT 7, ¶ 13,
330 Mont. 267, 127 P.3d 422.
DISCUSSION
¶8 Kelly challenges the District Court’s determination that his claim was
insufficiently pled and offers that his legal resources were restricted due to his
incarceration. He also argues the merits of his claim by citing to Missouri v. Frye, ___
U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. 1399 (2012), a recent U.S. Supreme Court case addressing
ineffective assistance of counsel at the plea-bargaining stage. He states that, “[i]n Frye,
as in this case, the defendant was misinformed of the availability of a plea offer by his
court appointed counsel, that would have resulted in doing less prison time. . . . Since the
2 cases are so similar, it must also stand to reason this appellant has had his 6th
Amendment rights violated, and is due relief from the violation.” The State argues that
the District Court properly dismissed the petition on procedural grounds and asks that we
not consider the affidavit attached to Kelly’s brief because it was not presented to the
District Court.
¶9 We have explained that “[u]nlike civil complaints, the postconviction statutes are
demanding in their pleading requirements.” Ellenburg v. Chase, 2004 MT 66, ¶ 12, 320
Mont. 315, 87 P.3d 473. Section 46-21-104, MCA, enumerates the mandatory contents
of a petition for postconviction relief. It provides, in pertinent part:
(1) The petition for postconviction relief must:
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(a) identify the proceeding in which the petitioner was convicted,
give the date of the rendition of the final judgment complained of, and
clearly set forth the alleged violation or violations;
. . .
(c) identify all facts supporting the grounds for relief set forth in the
petition and have attached affidavits, records, or other evidence
establishing the existence of those facts.
Section 46-21-104, MCA (emphasis added); Ellenburg, ¶ 12. We have thus explained
that “a petition for postconviction relief must be based on more than mere conclusory
allegations. It must ‘identify all facts supporting the grounds for relief set forth in the
petition and have attached affidavits, records, or other evidence establishing the existence
of those facts.’” Ellenburg, ¶ 16 (quoting State v. Wright, 2001 MT 282, ¶ 9, 307 Mont.
349, 42 P.3d 753 (quoting § 46-21-104(1)(c), MCA)). Regarding ineffective assistance
of counsel, we have held that such claims “must be grounded upon facts which appear in
or are easily deduced from the record and which go beyond the mere conclusory
allegations in the defendant’s affidavit.” State v. Lewis, 177 Mont. 474, 485, 582 P.2d
346, 352-53 (1978) (overruled on other grounds, Fjelstad v. State Through Dept. of
Highways, 267 Mont. 211, 220, 883 P.2d 106, 111 (1994)); accord State v. Hulbert, 232
Mont. 115, 120, 756 P.2d 1110, 1113 (1988) (“a claim of ineffective counsel must be
grounded in facts found in the record, not on ‘mere conclusory allegations.’”); State v.
McColley, 247 Mont. 524, 527, 807 P.2d 1358, 1360 (1991); State v. Hagen, 2002 MT
190, ¶ 19, 311 Mont. 117, 53 P.3d 885.
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¶10 These requirements are consistent with federal precedent requiring a defendant to
bring forward more evidence than a “self-serving statement.” See Turner v. Calderon,
281 F.3d 851, 881 (9th Cir. 2002) (“Turner’s self-serving statement, made years later,
that [his lawyer] told him that ‘this was not a death penalty case’ is insufficient to
establish that Turner was unaware of the potential of a death verdict.”); Cuppett v.
Duckworth, 8 F.3d 1132, 1139 (7th Cir. 1993) (en banc) (rejecting defendant’s ineffective
assistance claim because the only evidence submitted by the defendant was a “self-
serving affidavit in support of this allegation.”).
¶11 The only facts offered to support the claim are contained in the short affidavit
from Kelly, attached to his opening brief on appeal. Kelly’s affidavit is not properly
before this Court because it was not submitted to the District Court. See State v. J.C,
2004 MT 75, ¶ 25, 320 Mont. 411, 87 P.3d 501 (“On appeal, we consider only the district
court record. . . . ‘Parties on appeal are bound by the record and may not add additional
matters in briefs or appendices.’” (citation omitted)). However, even if the affidavit had
been properly submitted, its conclusory statements are insufficient as a matter of law to
support a postconviction claim under the precedent discussed above. From Kelly, the
affidavit is self-serving, but beyond that, it falls short of identifying “all facts supporting
the grounds for relief” and providing the necessary detail and evidence to establish the
factual foundation for the claim. Section 46-21-104(1)(c), MCA. Kelly’s incarceration,
as he asserts, may well have hampered his efforts to marshal this information, but these
pleading standards must nonetheless be satisfied, and, in fact, have been satisfied by other
postconviction claimants who are incarcerated.
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¶12 In Frye, the prosecutor sent Frye’s counsel a letter offering Frye a choice between
two plea bargains.1 Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S. Ct. at 1404. The letter stated that the
offers would expire in a little over a month. Frye’s lawyer received the letter but never
told Frye about it. Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S. Ct. at 1404. Frye eventually pled guilty
without a plea agreement and was sentenced to a substantially harsher sentence than was
recommended in the plea offers. Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S. Ct. at 1404-05. Frye filed
postconviction relief proceedings in state court. The Missouri Court of Appeals
determined that Frye’s counsel had rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by failing
to inform Frye of the plea offers. Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S. Ct. at 1405. As a
remedy, the Missouri Court deemed Frye’s plea as withdrawn. Frye, ___ U.S. at ___,
132 S. Ct. at 1405. After the State of Missouri sought review, the U.S. Supreme Court
granted certiorari and affirmed, holding “as a general rule, defense counsel has a duty to
communicate formal offers from the prosecution to accept a plea on terms and conditions
that may be favorable to the accused.” Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S. Ct. at 1408.
Applying the standards under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052
(1984), the Supreme Court determined that Frye’s counsel’s representation “fell below an
1
The prosecutor’s letter, sent on November 15, 2007, stated, in pertinent part:
My recommendation is as follows: 3 and defer, on the felony with 10 days
“shock” in the Boone County Jail; OR 90 days to serve on an amended
misdemeanor in the Boone County Jail.
I am going to subpoena witnesses for the preliminary hearing on January 4, 2008.
I will need to know if Mr. Frye will be waiving to preserve the offer by noon on
December 28, 2007.
Joint Appendix, Missouri v. Frye, 2011 U.S. S. Ct. Briefs LEXIS 469 at *50.
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objective standard of reasonableness” under the first prong of Strickland, and remanded
the case for further proceedings to determine whether Frye had been prejudiced under the
second prong, noting “there is strong reason to doubt the prosecution and the trial court
would have permitted the plea bargain to become final.” Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S.
Ct. at 1411. Unlike Frye, where the existence of bona fide plea offers and defense
counsel’s failure to communicate the offers were undisputed, there is here no record
evidence of a formal plea offer or of Kelly’s lawyer’s failure to inform him of a plea
offer, other than Kelly’s insufficient affidavit.
¶13 Frye does not override Montana law governing pleading requirements in a
postconviction proceeding. The Supreme Court clarified that states are permitted to
adopt measures to “help ensure against late, frivolous, or fabricated claims, after a later,
less advantageous plea offer has been accepted or after a trial leading to conviction with
resulting harsh consequences.” Frye, ___ U.S. at ___, 132 S. Ct. at 1409. That is
precisely what the above-discussed Montana law does.
¶14 Affirmed.
/S/ Jim Rice
We concur:
/S/ Mike McGrath
/S/ Michael E Wheat
/S/ Beth Baker
/S/ Brian Morris
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