FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT June 5, 2013
Elisabeth A. Shumaker
Clerk of Court
GORDON TODD SKINNER,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v. No. 12-5152
(D.C. No. 4:11-CV-00382-CVE-TLW)
MIKE ADDISON, Warden, (N.D. Okla.)
Respondent-Appellee.
ORDER DENYING CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY*
Before BRISCOE, Chief Judge, McKAY and O’BRIEN, Circuit Judges.
Gordon Todd Skinner, an Oklahoma state prisoner proceeding pro se, seeks a
certificate of appealability (COA) to appeal from the district court’s order denying
his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition for habeas relief. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
§§ 1291 and 2253(a), and we deny a COA for substantially the same reasons
identified by the district court in its order denying habeas relief.
BACKGROUND
Skinner was convicted of kidnapping, conspiracy to commit kidnapping, and
assault and battery with a dangerous weapon, all after a former felony conviction,
*
This order is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the
case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its
persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
“for his violent and sadistic actions against Brandon Green in July of 2003.” Skinner
v. State, 210 P.3d 840, 851 (Okla. Crim. App. 2009). The evidence at trial
established that Skinner repeatedly injected various substances “into Green’s penis,
testicles, buttocks, and other parts of his body, with the apparent dual purpose of
permanently disabling and disfiguring Green sexually and of keeping him in a
prolonged state of unconsciousness.” Id. at 843. In addition, Skinner “brutally
punched and kicked Green in the genitals, lifted Green’s unconscious body up off the
bed by grabbing him at the base of his genitals, and wrapped a phone cord about
Green’s penis, put his foot on Green’s stomach, and jerked until he heard the
cartilage snap.” Id. (footnote and quotation omitted).
Skinner was sentenced to life plus ninety years’ imprisonment. The Oklahoma
Court of Criminal Appeals (OCCA) affirmed his convictions and sentences on direct
appeal, and it affirmed the trial court’s subsequent denial of postconviction relief.
In federal court, Skinner filed a § 2254 habeas petition raising twenty-three
grounds of error.1 The district court denied the petition and declined to issue a COA.
DISCUSSION
“A COA is a prerequisite to appellate jurisdiction in a habeas action,” Lockett
v. Trammel, 711 F.3d 1218, 1230 (10th Cir. 2013), and is available “only if the
1
In his request for a COA, Skinner devotes argument to only seven grounds.
Consequently, the grounds unaccompanied by argument are waived. See
Abercrombie v. City of Catoosa, 896 F.2d 1228, 1231 (10th Cir. 1990) (holding that
failure to argue issue waives the issue).
-2-
applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right,”
28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This standard requires “a demonstration that . . . includes
showing that reasonable jurists could debate whether (or, for that matter, agree that)
the [application] should have been resolved in a different manner or that the issues
presented were adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed further.” Slack v.
McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000) (quotation omitted).
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA) provides
that when a claim has been adjudicated on the merits in a state court, a federal court
can grant habeas relief only if the applicant establishes that the state-court decision
was “contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established
Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States,” or “was
based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented
in the State court proceeding.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1), (2). “AEDPA’s deferential
treatment of state court decisions must be incorporated into our consideration of a
habeas petitioner’s request for [a] COA.” Dockins v. Hines, 374 F.3d 935, 938
(10th Cir. 2004).
Skinner first claims that his prosecution violated an immunity agreement he
had with the federal government in an unrelated narcotics and money-laundering
case. The OCCA determined that Skinner’s immunity claim, brought under Kastigar
-3-
v. United States, 406 U.S. 441 (1972),2 was not applicable “to a prosecution for
offenses that are alleged to have been committed by the immunized witness entirely
after the grant of immunity, when the alleged offenses are also totally unrelated to
the topic(s) of the immunized testimony.” Skinner, 210 P.3d at 851.
The district court agreed with the OCCA’s resolution of the immunity claim,
stating, “[c]learly, the grant of federal immunity in the drug and money laundering
case did not provide a free pass to [Skinner] to commit future unrelated crimes
without fear of prosecution.” R. at 4310. We conclude that the district court’s
determination is not debatable.
Skinner also argues that his appellate counsel was ineffective because he
(1) failed “in drafting [the] [appellate] reply brief to articulate the ‘subsequent
meetings’ clause of the immunity contract”; and (2) failed “to competently show the
fact that [Skinner] met with DEA agents after the alleged kidnapping and assault, but
prior to Tulsa Police investigation and prior to Tulsa District Attorney filing
charges.” Id. at 145. Neither the Oklahoma postconviction court nor the OCCA
directly addressed this argument.
The federal district court expressly rejected the argument, reiterating that
Skinner had not “connect[ed] the crimes he committed [against Green] to the
2
In Kastigar, the Supreme Court held that when a witness is compelled to give
incriminating testimony under a grant of statutory immunity and is thereafter
prosecuted for any matter related to the compelled testimony, the government bears
the “heavy burden of proving that all of the evidence it proposes to use was derived
from legitimate independent sources.” 406 U.S. at 461-62.
-4-
information he provided during the drug and money laundering case or to the
‘subsequent meetings,’ as relevant to the prior criminal case.” Id. at 4314. Thus, the
district court concluded that Skinner had “not demonstrated that the result of his
appeal would have been different had appellate counsel raised this [ground].” Id.
We agree with the district court’s resolution of this argument.
Skinner next claims that his appellate counsel was ineffective because he “was
dishonest, deceitful, uncommunicative and unresponsive, and thoroughly
incompetent.” Id. at 130. He notes that the Oklahoma Supreme Court had suspended
counsel from the practice of law in 2010 for two years and a day due to multiple
instances of misconduct in cases involving other clients.
The OCCA found the suspension “troubling,” but observed that Skinner failed
to “establish that his appellate counsel committed unprofessional errors that affected
the outcome of his appeal.” Id. at 1721. Specifically, the OCCA concluded that
[Skinner’s] jury convicted him based upon ample, detailed, compelling
and consistent testimony given by multiple witnesses. [Skinner’s]
appellate counsel raised cogent and complicated issues in his direct
appeal. Lack of success is not the proper measure for determining the
adequacy of legal representation, especially in light of the facts of this
case. In this post-conviction proceeding, [Skinner] merely gestures at
propositions of error, but does not explain or establish how any of the
alleged errors could have changed the outcome of [Skinner’s] appeal.
Id. (citations omitted).
The district court agreed, stating that “[i]n light of the facts of this case, the
Court finds that [Skinner] has failed to satisfy the prejudice prong of” Strickland v.
-5-
Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984).3 R. at 4314. Because Skinner has failed to
identify any debatable point in regard to the district court’s handling of this ground,
he is not entitled to a COA.
Skinner further argues that his appellate counsel was ineffective in challenging
the enhancement of his sentence with the prior felony conviction from New Jersey.
According to Skinner, the prior conviction was outside the ten-year window allowed
for enhancement. See 21 Okla. Stat. Ann. § 51.1(A) (providing enhanced punishment
for “any crime after [a prior] conviction[ ] within ten (10) years of the date following
the completion of the execution of the [prior] sentence”).
The OCCA on direct appeal observed that Skinner’s New Jersey conviction
was for conspiracy to distribute a controlled substance, and that his “sentence was
fully discharged on July 17, 1993.” Skinner, 210 P.3d at 854. Skinner’s crimes
against Green occurred between July 4, 2003, and July 11, 2003. Thus, the OCCA
concluded that “[a]lthough the[ ] crimes [against Green] were committed close to the
end of the ten-year enhancement window, they were clearly within this window.” Id.
In postconviction proceedings, Skinner argued that an order for the early
termination of his probation in the New Jersey case placed his crimes against Green
beyond the ten-year window. The OCCA declined to allow Skinner to supplement
3
In Strickland, the Supreme Court held that in order to prevail on an ineffective
assistance claim, the defendant must show that counsel’s performance was deficient
and that prejudice resulted. 466 U.S. at 692. Strickland provides “the proper
standard for assessing a claim of ineffectiveness of appellate counsel.” McGee v.
Higgins, 568 F.3d 832, 838 (10th Cir. 2009) (brackets and quotation omitted).
-6-
the postconviction record with a copy of the order because he had not provided the
order to the state district court. And the OCCA commented that the order did not
indicate that the execution of Skinner’s sentence, rather than his probation, was
terminated early.
In his federal habeas petition, Skinner again argued that the New Jersey order
rendered his crimes against Green outside the ten-year window, and he added that a
presentence investigation report that he had attached to his postconviction application
in the state district court showed that his probation had been terminated early. The
federal district court emphasized that the early termination of probation did not
necessarily demonstrate early sentence termination, and the court concluded that it
could not consider the New Jersey order because it was not part of the postconviction
appeal record. See Cullen v. Pinholster, 131 S. Ct. 1388, 1401 (2011) (stating that
“[f]ederal courts sitting in habeas are not an alternative forum for trying facts and
issues which a prisoner made insufficient effort to pursue in state proceedings”
(quotation omitted)).
We conclude that a COA is not warranted on this issue. As explained by the
district court, Skinner failed to include in the state postconviction record any
document indicating that the execution of his sentence was terminated early.
Finally, Skinner maintains that appellate counsel failed to argue that William
Hauck, who had testified against Skinner at trial, committed perjury. The OCCA did
not specifically address this ground. The district court rejected it, however, stating
-7-
that (1) Skinner failed to specify the portions of Hauck’s testimony that constituted
perjury; and (2) Hauck’s inconsistent statements to police were revealed on
cross-examination and did not rise to the level of perjury. We agree with the district
court’s resolution of this issue.
CONCLUSION
For substantially the same reasons given by the district court, we deny a COA
and dismiss this appeal.
Entered for the Court
Monroe G. McKay
Circuit Judge
-8-