State v. Justice

1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please see
2 Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please
3 also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other
4 deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the
5 filing date.
6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO

7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,

8 Plaintiff-Appellee,

9 v. NO. 30,177

10 BRIAN JUSTICE,

11 Defendant-Appellant.

12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF BERNALILLO COUNTY
13 Charles W. Brown, District Judge

14 Gary K. King, Attorney General
15 Santa Fe, NM

16 for Appellee

17 Hugh W. Dangler, Chief Public Defender
18 Josephine H. Ford, Assistant Appellate Defender
19 Albuquerque, NM

20 for Appellant

21 MEMORANDUM OPINION

22 FRY, Chief Judge.

23 Defendant appeals from his jury conviction for DWI and careless driving in

24 metropolitan court. Defendant asserts the metropolitan court judge improperly denied

25 his motion to suppress and challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. We issued a
 1 calendar notice proposing to affirm and Defendant has filed a timely memorandum in

2 opposition. We remain unpersuaded and affirm.

3 Officer Sedillo came upon Defendant when he responded to a dispatch call

4 concerning a possible accident and reports of a driver doing “doughnuts.” [RP 162;

5 DS 1] Defendant was found standing alone, approximately three feet from the

6 vehicle, holding a half-full bottle of beer. [RP 162; DS 1-2; MIO 7] The keys were

7 still in the ignition of the running truck, and the truck’s left front tire was damaged.

8 [Id.] There were circular skid marks in the street as though someone had been doing

9 doughnuts in the street. [DS 7; MIO7] An officer from the DWI unit, Officer Chavez,

10 was called to the scene to take over the investigation. [DS 3]

11 Both officers testified Defendant admitted he had been drinking, and that

12 Defendant had bloodshot, watery eyes, slurred speech, and an odor of alcoholic

13 beverages. [DS 2, 3, 9; MIO 7, 9] Officer Chavez testified he asked Defendant if

14 Defendant had any medical conditions which might hinder his performance on the

15 standardized field sobriety tests (SFSTs). Upon Defendant apparently answering in

16 the negative, Officer Chavez administered field sobriety tests. [DS 10]

17 Defendant apparently failed to satisfactorily perform on the field sobriety tests.

18 [DS 10-13; RP 163-164; MIO 11] Thereafter, Defendant was arrested and taken to

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 1 the prisoner transport center, where he was given a breath test. [DS 11] The breath

2 test result was 0.06/0.06. [DS 11; MIO 11]

3 Defendant was found guilty of DWI and careless driving by a jury in

4 metropolitan court, after the metropolitan court judge denied Defendant’s motion to

5 suppress based on lack of probable cause to arrest. [DS 1; RP 159] Defendant

6 appealed to the district court, which affirmed by memorandum opinion. [RP 158, 159]

7 In determining whether an officer had probable cause for an arrest, we look at

8 the facts and circumstances within the officer’s knowledge and determine whether

9 they would cause a reasonable, cautious officer to believe that a criminal offense was

10 being committed. State v. Hawkins, 1999-NMCA-126, ¶ 17, 128 N.M. 245, 991 P.2d

11 989. We will not disturb a trial court’s denial of a motion to suppress on appeal if it

12 is supported by substantial evidence, unless it appears that the determination was

13 incorrectly premised. State v. Jacobs, 2000-NMSC-026, ¶ 34, 129 N.M. 448, 10 P.3d

14 127. We look to whether the law was correctly applied to the facts and review the

15 evidence in the light most favorable to support the decision reached below, resolving

16 all conflicts and indulging all inferences in support of that decision. Id. Substantial

17 evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to

18 support a conclusion.” State v. Salgado, 1999-NMSC-008, ¶ 25, 126 N.M. 691, 974

19 P.2d 661 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

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 1 Here, Defendant continues to argue insufficiency of the evidence to support

2 arrest, asserting that Defendant had an underlying medical condition which would

3 affect his performance on the field sobriety tests which the officer failed to take into

4 account. [MIO 15] We are unpersuaded.

5 First, we note, as did the district court, there is no evidence in the record to

6 indicate Defendant actually suffers from Graves disease. [See RP 163] State v. Garcia,

7 83 N.M. 794, 795, 498 P.2d 681,682 (Ct. App. 1972) (explaining where the record

8 does not establish a fact asserted by a defendant, the trial court’s judgment is

9 presumed to be correct). While Defendant continues to insist he suffers from said

10 condition and that he told the officers of that fact, he failed to introduce any evidence

11 at trial that would support this contention.

12 Second, given Defendant’s behavior, it was reasonable for the officers to

13 believe Defendant committed the criminal offenses of DWI and careless driving.

14 Defendant appears to have: (1) admitted he was drinking; (2) had bloodshot, watery

15 eyes; (3) smelled of alcohol; (4) had an open bottle of beer in his hand; (5) had been

16 involved in an accident; (6) admitted he had been doing doughnuts in the street; (7)

17 admitted he had driven to his girlfriend’s house; and, (8) failed the field sobriety tests.

18 [RP 162-164]

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 1 While Defendant challenges the validity of some of the testimony establishing

2 these facts, the weighing of the officers’ credibility is a matter for the fact finder, not

3 a matter for the appellate court. See State v. Salas, 1999-NMCA-099, ¶ 13, 127 N.M.

4 686, 986 P.2d 482 (recognizing it is for the fact finder to resolve any conflict in the

5 testimony of the witnesses and to determine where the weight and credibility lay).

6 Under these circumstances, we hold the officers’ testimony established probable cause

7 for Defendant’s arrest. See State v. Sanchez, 2001-NMCA-109, ¶ 2, 131 N.M. 355,

8 36 P.3d 446 (holding that the officer had probable cause where the driver had

9 bloodshot and watery eyes, smelled of alcohol, admitted drinking, and refused FST’s

10 thereby inferring a consciousness of guilt, but exhibited no erratic driving); State v.

11 Hernandez, 95 N.M. 125, 126, 619 P.2d 570, 571 (Ct. App. 1980) (holding that the

12 officer had probable cause to arrest the defendant for DWI after the officer observed

13 the defendant driving, smelling of alcohol, and speaking with slurred speech). We

14 therefore affirm the metropolitan court’s denial of the motion to suppress.

15 Defendant also contends insufficient evidence supports the jury verdict. [MIO

16 18] We disagree and affirm.

17 “In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we must view the evidence in the

18 light most favorable to the guilty verdict, indulging all reasonable inferences and

19 resolving all conflicts in the evidence in favor of the verdict.” State v. Cunningham,

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 1 2000-NMSC-009, ¶ 26, 128 N.M. 711, 998 P.2d 176. A sufficiency of the evidence

2 review involves a two-step process. Initially, the evidence is viewed in the light most

3 favorable to the verdict. The appellate court must then make a legal determination of

4 “whether the evidence viewed in this manner could justify a finding by any rational

5 trier of fact that each element of the crime charged has been established beyond a

6 reasonable doubt.” State v. Apodaca, 118 N.M. 762, 766, 887 P.2d 756, 760 (1994)

7 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “The reviewing court does not weigh

8 the evidence or substitute its judgment for that of the fact finder as long as there is

9 sufficient evidence to support the verdict.” State v. Mora, 1997-NMSC-060, ¶ 27, 124

10 N.M. 346, 950 P.2d 789. Even though contrary evidence or alternative explanations

11 for the evidence might exist, the fact finder is free to reject Defendant’s version of the

12 facts. See State v. Rojo, 1999-NMSC-001, ¶ 19, 126 N.M. 438, 971 P.2d 829 (filed

13 1998).

14 For a conviction of DWI, the State was required to prove Defendant was driving

15 or otherwise in control of a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol for the DWI

16 charge. NMSA 1978, Section 66-8-102(A) (2008). “[U]nder the influence” means

17 the defendant was less able to the slightest degree, either mentally or physically, or

18 both, to exercise the clear judgment and steady hand necessary to handle a vehicle

19 with safety to the defendant and the public. Sanchez, 2001-NMCA-109, ¶ 6.

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 1 Applying the standards described above, we must therefore determine whether the

2 evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the State, was sufficient to establish

3 Defendant drove a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.

4 We hold the officers’ testimony that Defendant had admitted he had driven

5 over to his girlfriend’s house and that he knew he should not have been driving was

6 sufficient to establish Defendant was driving or otherwise in control of a vehicle. See,

7 e.g., State v. Greyeyes, 105 N.M. 549, 552, 734 P.2d 789, 792 (Ct. App. 1987)

8 (permitting a defendant’s statements to be used to prove that he or she was the driver);

9 see also State v. Soliz, 80 N.M. 297, 298, 454 P.2d 779, 780 (Ct. App. 1969) (noting

10 that the testimony of a single witness is sufficient to support a conviction). With

11 respect to the influence of alcohol on Defendant’s driving ability, as previously

12 discussed, the testimony established that Defendant: (1) admitted he was drinking;

13 (2) had bloodshot, watery eyes; (3) smelled of alcohol; (4) had an open bottle of beer

14 in his hand; (5) had been involved in an accident; (6) admitted he had been doing

15 doughnuts in the street; (7) admitted he had driven to his girlfriend’s house; and, (8)

16 failed the field sobriety tests.

17 We hold that this evidence is sufficient to establish that Defendant was under

18 the influence of alcohol. See, e.g., State v. Notah-Hunter, 2005-NMCA-074, ¶ 24, 137

19 N.M. 597, 113 P.3d 867 (holding evidence that the defendant smelled of alcohol, had

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 1 slurred speech, admitted to drinking alcohol, failed field sobriety tests, and was

2 driving erratically was sufficient to uphold a conviction for driving while intoxicated);

3 Greyeyes, 105 N.M. at 552, 734 P.2d at 792 (upholding a conviction for DWI based

4 on evidence that the defendant smelled of alcohol, failed field sobriety tests, and

5 admitted drinking and driving into a rail); City of Portales v. Shiplett, 67 N.M. 308,

6 309, 355 P.2d 126, 126 (1960) (upholding a conviction for DWI based on the officer’s

7 testimony that the defendant smelled of alcohol, staggered when walking, and had

8 difficulty using a telephone and talking). See generally State v. Dutchover, 85 N.M.

9 72, 73-74, 509 P.2d 264, 265-66 (Ct. App. 1973) (observing that DWI may be

10 established through evidence that the defendant’s ability to drive was impaired to the

11 slightest degree).

12 We decline Defendant’s invitation to address the admissibility of the testimony

13 about probabilities based on SFSTs, as this issue was not preserved at trial. [MIO 19]

14 On appeal, the reviewing court will not consider issues not raised in the trial court

15 unless the issues involve matters of jurisdictional or fundamental error, neither of

16 which have been argued by Defendant. In re Aaron L., 2000-NMCA-024, ¶ 10, 128

17 N.M. 641, 996 P.2d 431.

18 As to Defendant’s conviction for careless driving, it appears this issue may have

19 been abandoned by Defendant in his memorandum in opposition. Regardless, the

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 1 jury instructions for NMSA 1978, Section 66-8-114 (1978) require the State prove

2 Defendant operated the motor vehicle on a highway in a careless, inattentive or

3 imprudent manner without due regard for the width, grade, curves, corners, traffic,

4 weather, road conditions and all other attendant circumstances. UJI 14-4505 NMRA.

5 We hold the officers’ testimony regarding Defendant’s admissions that he had been

6 driving and that he had been doing doughnuts, coupled with the damaged tire and skid

7 marks on the curb, were sufficient to support a finding of guilt.

8 CONCLUSION

9 Accordingly, we affirm.

10 IT IS SO ORDERED.

11
12 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Chief Judge

13 WE CONCUR:

14
15 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge

16
17 ROBERT E. ROBLES, Judge

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