State v. Sanders

This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Appellate Reports. Please see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does not include the filing date. 1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. NO. 31,945 5 GARY MAYLON SANDERS, 6 Defendant-Appellant. 7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OTERO COUNTY 8 William H. Brogan, District Judge 9 Gary K. King, Attorney General 10 Margaret McLean, Assistant Attorney General 11 Santa Fe, NM 12 for Appellee 13 Gary Sanders 14 Las Cruces, NM 15 Pro Se Appellant 16 MEMORANDUM OPINION 17 VANZI, Judge. 1 Defendant, Gary Maylon Sanders, appearing pro se, appeals from the district 2 court’s denial of his motion to reconsider sentence. The district court concluded it 3 lacked jurisdiction to consider the motion because it was not timely filed pursuant to 4 Rule 5-801(B) NMRA. We affirm. 5 BACKGROUND 6 Pursuant to a plea and disposition agreement dated June 19, 2006, Defendant 7 pled no contest to multiple offenses and admitted to having a prior felony conviction. 8 He was sentenced on October 6, 2006, to a term of 20 years’ imprisonment. 9 Defendant filed an amended petition for writ of habeas corpus on June 23, 2009, 10 which the district court denied on September 15, 2011. Defendant filed a petition for 11 writ of certiorari with the New Mexico Supreme Court, which the Supreme Court 12 denied on October 25, 2011. On November 18, 2011, Defendant filed a motion to 13 reconsider sentence in the district court pursuant to Rule 5-801. The State argued 14 Defendant’s motion was untimely pursuant to Rule 5-801(B). The district court 15 denied Defendant’s motion, concluding that the motion was untimely, and it therefore 16 lacked jurisdiction. Defendant challenges this determination on appeal. 17 DISCUSSION 2 1 “We review de novo the legal question of whether a trial court has jurisdiction 2 in a particular case.” State v. Torres, 2012-NMCA-026, ¶ 11, 272 P.3d 689, (internal 3 quotation marks and citation omitted), cert. granted, 2012-NMCERT-003, ___ P.3d 4 ___. 5 We apply the same rules of construction to procedural rules adopted by 6 the Supreme Court as we do to statutes. According to those rules of 7 construction, our overarching goal is to determine the underlying intent 8 of the drafters, and we begin that task by parsing the plain language of 9 the rule. 10 Id. ¶ 12 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). 11 The district court determined it lacked jurisdiction to consider Defendant’s 12 motion for reconsideration under Rule 5-801(B). This rule states, in pertinent part: 13 A motion to reduce a sentence may be filed within ninety (90) days after 14 the sentence is imposed, or within ninety (90) days after receipt by the 15 court of a mandate issued upon affirmance of the judgment or dismissal 16 of the appeal, or within ninety (90) days after entry of any order or 17 judgment of the appellate court denying review of, or having the effect 18 of upholding, a judgment of conviction. 19 Rule 5-801(B) (emphasis added). Defendant contends that his motion to reconsider 20 sentence was timely because it was filed within ninety days of the Supreme Court’s 21 order denying his petition for writ of certiorari, which is “any order” within the 22 meaning of Rule 5-801(B). The State contends the motion was untimely because the 23 Supreme Court’s order denying Defendant’s petition for writ of certiorari is not an 3 1 “order . . . denying review of, or having the effect of upholding, a judgment of 2 conviction.” We agree with the State. 3 An order of the Supreme Court denying a petition for a writ of certiorari from 4 a habeas corpus petitioner is not an order triggering the Rule 5-801(B) clock. The 5 phrase “any order” in Rule 5-801(B) cannot be read independently from the clause in 6 which it is contained. This phrase is qualified by the language “denying review of, 7 or having the effect of upholding, a judgment of conviction” and must be read in 8 conjunction with that language. Rule 5-801(B). Thus, as relevant here, the triggering 9 event for the Rule 5-801(B) clock is the “entry of any order or judgment of the 10 appellate court denying review of, or having the effect of upholding, a judgment of 11 conviction.” An order denying a petition for writ of certiorari in a habeas proceeding 12 is neither an order denying review of a judgment of conviction, nor an order having 13 the effect of upholding a judgment of conviction. 14 This interpretation is bolstered by our review of Rule 5-801(B) as a whole. The 15 rule identifies two additional events triggering the Rule 5-801(B) clock: imposition 16 of sentence and “receipt by the court of a mandate issued upon affirmance of the 17 judgment or dismissal of the appeal[.]” Rule 5-801(B). These two events are clearly 18 tied to a defendant’s sentence and direct appeal; they do not extend to a habeas corpus 4 1 petition. We believe the drafters intended for this entire rule, including the “any order 2 or judgment” language relied upon by Defendant in this case, to limit a defendant to 3 seeking modification of his sentence within a time frame triggered by events relating 4 to his original sentence and his direct appeal. 5 Defendant cites State v. Ervin, 2002-NMCA-012, 131 N.M. 640, 41 P.3d 908, 6 in support of his reading of Rule 5-801(B). In Ervin, we declined to consider the 7 defendant’s argument that the sex offender registration requirement imposed on him 8 was unconstitutional and noted that the defendant could still raise the issue in the 9 district court pursuant to Rule 5-801(B). Ervin, 2002-NMCA-012, ¶ 25. Ervin 10 involved a direct appeal, not a petition for habeas corpus, see id. ¶ 1, and thus is 11 inapposite. The fact that the defendant in Ervin may have had recourse under Rule 5- 12 801(B) does not mean Defendant is entitled to recourse here. Under the plain 13 language of Rule 5-801(B), Defendant’s motion to reconsider sentence was not timely 14 filed and, therefore, the district court lacked jurisdiction to consider it. 15 CONCLUSION 16 We affirm the district court’s denial of Defendant’s motion to reconsider 17 sentence. 18 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 1 __________________________________ 2 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge 3 WE CONCUR: 4 _________________________________ 5 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge 6 _________________________________ 7 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge 6