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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
3 Plaintiff-Appellee,
4 v. No. 31,976
5 ARTHUR ARAGON,
6 Defendant-Appellant.
7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SAN JUAN COUNTY
8 Thomas J. Hynes, District Judge
9 Gary K. King, Attorney General
10 Santa Fe, NM
11 for Appellee
12 Jacqueline L. Cooper, Chief Public Defender
13 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender
14 Santa Fe, NM
15 for Appellant
16 MEMORANDUM OPINION
17 VIGIL, Judge.
18 Aragon appeals an order revoking his probation. In this Court’s notice of
19 proposed summary disposition, we proposed to affirm. Aragon has responded with
1 a memorandum in opposition, which we have duly considered. As we do not find his
2 arguments persuasive, we affirm.
3 Aragon contends that his due process right to confront the witnesses against him
4 were violated when his San Juan County probation officer testified to the contents of
5 an Albuquerque probation officer’s report. [DS 3-4] In our notice of proposed
6 summary disposition, we proposed to conclude that this issue had not been properly
7 preserved for appeal. In Aragon’s memorandum in opposition, he asserts that the
8 issue was in fact preserved. We will assume, without deciding, that he properly
9 preserved the issue for appeal and address the merits of his arguments.
10 In our notice, we proposed to hold that even if Aragon had preserved his due
11 process argument, the claim of error would not warrant reversal on appeal. In
12 Aragon’s memorandum in opposition, he states that reversal is warranted pursuant to
13 State v. Guthrie, 2011-NMSC-014, 150 N.M. 84, 257 P.3d 904, because the district
14 court did not have good cause to deny him the right to confront the Albuquerque
15 probation officer. [MIO 14] In support of this argument, he states that the primary
16 reasons for revocation discussed at the hearing were his failure to complete the
17 Sobriety House program and his failure to report to his probation officer. [MIO
18 14-15] He points out that the San Juan County probation officer had no first-hand
19 knowledge of either fact. [MIO 14] He asserts that the determinations that he failed
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1 to complete the program and that he failed to make contact with his probation officer
2 required the type of subjective, judgment-based conclusions that demand
3 confrontation. [MIO 14] And he asserts that “much would have been gained” by the
4 live testimony of his Albuquerque probation officer, “because she possessed the key
5 evidentiary information and was the only person with first-hand knowledge of that
6 critical proof.” [MIO 15]
7 We are not persuaded. Pursuant to Guthrie, our inquiry in determining whether
8 good cause existed for not requiring confrontation is “the need for, and utility of,
9 confrontation with respect to the truth-finding process and in light of the particular
10 case at hand, including the specific charge pressed against the probationer.” Id. ¶ 43.
11 Because due process “is flexible and calls for such procedural protections as the
12 particular situation demands[,]” the determination of good cause, “is based on a
13 case-by-case analysis.” Id. ¶ 33 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
14 Under Guthrie, our courts are to consider: (1) whether “the assertion [is] central to the
15 reasons for revocation[] or . . . collateral,” id. ¶ 34; (2) whether “the assertion [is]
16 contested by the probationer, or is the state merely being asked to produce a witness
17 to establish something that is essentially uncontroverted,” id. ¶ 34; (3) whether the
18 assertion is “inherently reliable,” id. ¶ 36; (4) whether the testimony is the sort of
19 testimony that the declarant would only remember by reference to her records even
3
1 if she were to testify in person, id. ¶ 37; and (5) whether the declarant’s observations
2 are subjective or objective. Id. In applying these standards, Guthrie held that
3 confrontation was not required when: (1) the defendant did not contest the state’s
4 allegation that he had failed to complete his treatment at the rehabilitation center; (2)
5 the defendant failed to offer any evidence to mitigate his failure to abide by his
6 probation requirements; (3) the failure to complete residential treatment was an
7 objective, negative, and routine fact; and (4) there was no known motive of the
8 probation officer to fabricate or deceive the court. Id. ¶¶ 45-47.
9 Here, although Aragon contested the assertion that he did not complete the
10 Sobriety House program, he admitted that he did not report to his probation officer for
11 a month after he left the program. Therefore, this basis for revocation was
12 uncontested. Furthermore, we note that it was the failure to report, rather than the
13 failure to complete the program, that was central to the district court’s decision. At
14 the hearing, the district court stated that it needed confirmation from the Albuquerque
15 probation officer that Aragon did not in fact complete the treatment program. [MIO
16 6; RP 93] The district court pointed out that Aragon claimed that the program was
17 only ninety days. [RP 94] Then the State argued that not only did he leave the
18 program early, but he also failed to report to his probation officer for over a month
19 which also constituted a violation. [RP 94] The district court stated that “that sounds
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1 like a violation to me.” [RP 94] When asked by the district court, defense counsel
2 conceded that Aragon did not report for “almost a month.” [RP 94] After this
3 exchange, the district court found that Aragon violated his probation conditions. [RP
4 94] In the district court’s order, it stated that Aragon admitted at the hearing that he
5 violated his conditions of probation. [RP 96] Since Aragon did not admit that he
6 failed to complete the Sobriety House program, but did admit that he failed to contact
7 his probation officer for a month, it was Aragon’s admitted failure to report, rather
8 than the allegation that he failed to complete the program, that was central to the
9 revocation.
10 Aragon did not offer any evidence to mitigate his failure to report. Although
11 his attorney represented that Aragon did not know whom to contact [RP 94], it does
12 not appear that Aragon testified or presented any other evidence that he did not know
13 whom to contact. Furthermore, the fact that he contacted his probation officer after
14 a month had passed suggested that he either did in fact know or reasonably could have
15 discovered whom he was required to contact. Accordingly, we conclude that the
16 district court did not err in refusing to consider the claim that Aragon did not know
17 whom to contact as mitigating evidence under the facts of this case. Aragon’s failure
18 to report was an objective, negative, and routine fact of the kind that a probation
19 officer would likely only remember by reference to her reports, see id. ¶¶ 31, 32, 39
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1 (stating that the failure to report is an objective fact not requiring interpretation and
2 that the failure to be in a particular place is the kind of objective, negative, and routine
3 fact that can generally be demonstrated without confrontation), and there was no
4 known motive of either probation officer to fabricate or deceive the district court.
5 Therefore, under the specific facts of this case, the district court had good cause for
6 not requiring Aragon to cross-examine the Albuquerque probation officer.
7 Accordingly, for the reasons stated in this opinion and in our notice of proposed
8 summary disposition, we affirm.
9 IT IS SO ORDERED.
10 _______________________________
11 MICHAEL E. VIGIL, Judge
12 WE CONCUR:
13 _________________________________
14 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge
15 _________________________________
16 J. MILES HANISEE, Judge
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