NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 13a0593n.06
No. 12-3874 FILED
Jun 21, 2013
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) ON APPEAL FROM THE
v. ) UNITED STATES DISTRICT
) COURT FOR THE NORTHERN
JOHN W. WHITE, ) DISTRICT OF OHIO
)
Defendant-Appellant. )
)
BEFORE: BOGGS and SUHRHEINRICH, Circuit Judges; MURPHY, District Judge.*
PER CURIAM. John W. White, a federal prisoner, appeals his sentence of sixty-six months
of imprisonment, imposed following his guilty plea to two counts of being a felon in possession of
a firearm.
The presentence report prepared in this case calculated a guidelines range of 84 to 105
months of imprisonment. However, at the sentencing hearing, the district court declined to apply
the recommended four-level enhancement to the base offense level for possessing the firearms in
connection with another felony. This resulted in a guidelines range of 57 to 71 months. White also
argued that a two-level enhancement for possession of three firearms, see USSG § 2152.1(b)(1)((A),
should not apply, because he was justified in possessing one of the three firearms. White argued that
*
The Honorable Stephen J. Murphy III, United States District Judge for the Eastern District
of Michigan, sitting by designation.
No. 12-3874
United States v. White
he took the weapon in question from his girlfriend in self-defense, during a domestic dispute. The
district court rejected this argument.
On appeal, White argues that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because the district
court failed to properly calculate the guidelines range when it applied the enhancement for
possessing three weapons. See United States v. Bartee, 529 F.3d 357, 358 (6th Cir. 2008). In this
case, White’s DNA was found on all three weapons, and the district court found that he possessed
the weapons. White does not dispute this, but argues that his possession of one of the weapons was
justified, rendering the enhancement for possessing three weapons procedurally unreasonable.
A district court makes factual findings in a sentencing proceeding by a preponderance of the
evidence. United States v. Sexton, 512 F.3d 326, 329-30 (6th Cir. 2008). We review legal
conclusions regarding the application of the sentencing guidelines de novo. United States v. Hover,
293 F.3d 930, 933 (6th Cir. 2002).
To establish a justification defense, a defendant must present evidence showing: (1) that he
was under an unlawful and present, imminent, and impending threat of such a nature as to induce
a well-grounded apprehension of death or serious bodily injury; (2) that he had not recklessly or
negligently placed himself in a situation in which it was probable that he would be forced to engage
in criminal conduct; (3) that he had no reasonable, legal alternative to violating the law; (4) that a
direct casual relationship can be reasonably anticipated between the criminal action taken and the
avoidance of the threatened harm; and (5) that he did not engage in the illegal conduct any longer
than absolutely necessary. See United States v. Newcomb, 6 F.3d 1129, 1134-35 (6th Cir. 1993).
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No. 12-3874
United States v. White
In this case, White argued that he was justified in possessing one of the three weapons because he
had to confiscate it from his girlfriend during a domestic dispute, stating:
As far as the guns, the girlfriend thing, my long-term girlfriend on Manchester; never
had any drug trade in her life. Me and her got in a fight when she found out I was
messing with some girl, ended up taking the gun off her, took it to my mom’s, and
I went to my house in Struthers. I told her where they were and went to get them, and
sometime during that process, they raided the house and got that gun, too.
White’s vague statements about his possession of one of the weapons were insufficient to
prove that he possessed it only for justifiable reasons. There was no evidence presented to show that
White did not have access to the firearm in question on other occasions, that he did not provoke his
girlfriend into relying on the firearm in their dispute, or that he possessed it only as long as necessary
for his self-defense.
Accordingly, the district court’s judgment is affirmed.
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