In re A.F.

[Cite as In re A.F., 2022-Ohio-4614.]

COURT OF APPEALS
TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JUDGES:
IN THE MATTER OF: Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., P.J.
Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J.
Hon. John W. Wise, J.
A. F.
Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027

Neglected/dependent child
OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas,
Juvenile Division, Case No. 20 JN 00219

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 19, 2022

APPEARANCES:

For Appellant Mother For Appellee TCJFS

LISA CALDWELL JEFFREY M. KIGGANS
ASSISTANT PUBLIC DEFENDER TCJFS
153 North Broadway 389 16th Street, SW
New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663

Guardian Ad Litem

KAYLA MASZCZAK
401 Tuscarawas Street West, Suite 201
Canton, Ohio 44702
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 2

Wise, John, J.

{¶1} Appellant-Mother D.F. appeals the August 15, 2022, Judgment Entry

entered by the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which

terminated her parental rights, privileges and responsibilities with respect to her minor

child, A.F., and granted permanent custody of the child to Appellee Tuscarawas County

Job and Family Services.

{¶2} This case comes to us on the expedited calendar and shall be considered

in compliance with App R. 11.2(C).

STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS

{¶3} Appellant-Mother D.F. is the biological parent of A.F. (dob 9/11/2020). At

the birth of A.F. the biological father was thought to be N.L. It was later learned the father

of A.F. is J.G. Father chose not to participate in this case, and he is not a party to this

appeal.

{¶4} On September 16, 2020, A.F. was removed and placed in the custody of

TCJFS due to Mother's use of amphetamines and methamphetamines prior to the child's

birth.

{¶5} On September 17, 2020, a Shelter Care hearing was held to determine

whether the child should be held in substitute care. TCJFS alleged that there were

reasonable grounds to hold the child in substitute care, and that the best interest of the

child would be served by this placement. There were concerns of Mother's use of

amphetamine and methamphetamine and her lack of prenatal care. It was determined at

the hearing that Mother's drug screen was negative for all substances, and she was given

supervised visitation with the child at TCJFS.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 3

{¶6} On September 18, 2020, Tuscarawas County Job and Family Services

(TCJFS) filed a Complaint alleging abuse, dependency and neglect as to the minor child,

A.F.

{¶7} On October 7, 2020, Mother tested positive for amphetamines and

methamphetamines. A case plan was approved with the goal of reunification. Mother was

to maintain safe and appropriate housing and sufficient income, complete a psychological

assessment and follow all recommendations, complete a parenting program, complete a

drug and alcohol assessment, submit to random drug screens, and sign all necessary

releases.

{¶8} On November 9, 2020, an adjudication hearing was held. Mother stipulated

to the Complaint as written, and the court accepted her stipulation finding A.F. to be

neglected and dependent. It was ordered that A.F. be placed in the temporary custody of

TCJFS pursuant to R.C. §2151.353(A)(2). The matter proceeded to immediate

disposition.

{¶9} The case plan presented by TCJFS was adopted and made an order of the

court. It was further ordered that a home study for the residence of Coretta H., Mother's

sister, be conducted in the state of New York and to furnish those results to the court.

{¶10} The home evaluation of Coretta H. took place on January 25, 2021 and was

conducted by New York Social Worker Rita Martinez. Ms. Martinez determined that the

home was an appropriate placement for child, and Coretta H. was more than willing to

have her niece, A.F., in her home.

{¶11} On April 26, 2021, the home study on Coretta H. was completed and filed

with the court.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 4

{¶12} On May 24, 2021, a hearing was held on TCJFS’ Motion to Request Review

of the Home Study and to Modify Disposition. TCJFS moved the court to review the home

study of Coretta H. and to place A.F. into her temporary custody under the protective

supervision of TCJFS.

{¶13} The court found it was in the best interest of the child to grant the Motion to

Modify Prior Disposition and ordered A.F. to be placed in the Temporary Custody of

Coretta H. under Protective Supervision pursuant to R.C. §2151.353(A)(1) and amended

the Case Plan. Mother agreed with this placement. The matter was set for an Annual

Review on September 13, 2021.

{¶14} On August 16, 2021, TCJFS filed a Motion to Extend the case for a six-

month period. In support of their request, TCJFS stated "the child has been placed into

the temporary custody of maternal aunt Coretta [H.] in New York in June of this year. This

additional time is needed to monitor this placement." Further, the Motion stated "Mother

[D.F.] has struggled with maintaining her sobriety during this case. [D.F.] has moved to

New York as well recently. Obviously, it will be very difficult to monitor [D.F.’s] sobriety

while she resides in New York."

{¶15} On September 13, 2021, the matter came for Annual Review and hearing

on the Motion to Extend. Mother appeared at the hearing via the court's video

conferencing system, as she was now living in Brooklyn, New York to be near A.F. The

court found it was in the best interest of A.F. to grant the Motion to Extend. A.F. remained

in the temporary custody of Coretta H. under the protective supervision of TCJFS. It was

further ordered that Mother have visitation with A.F. supervised by the custodian, as

acceptable to custodian. The court also made the following finding of fact regarding
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 5

reasonable efforts made by TCJFS pursuant to Ohio Revised Code 2151.419(B): "TCJFS

has been unable to confirm that [D.F.] has been drug free."

{¶16} On October 28, 2021, TCJFS moved the Court for an Emergency Ex Parte

Pick Up Order of Child when Coretta H. informed TCJFS that she could no longer care

for A.F., as she had not been employed for two months. Coretta H. asked for TCJFS to

return A.F. to Ohio to the previous foster parents. At that time, Mother was visiting with

A.F. at Coretta H.’s residence. TCJFS requested the court to order New York law

enforcement and child welfare to aid in its execution of the Order, and it was so Ordered.

{¶17} On October 29, 2021, a Shelter Care hearing was ordered to determine

whether A.F. should be held in substitute care pending further order of the Court. Mother

did not attend this hearing, as TCJFS was not able to contact her. Also, there was no

known phone number for Mother in the Agency's record.

{¶18} In the Judgment Entry dated November 2, 2021, the court found emergency

circumstances existed at the time of removal of A.F., and that the best interests of the

child were served by the decision. It was further ordered that there would be no visitation

or contact between Mother and A.F. until further court order.

{¶19} In February, 2022, TCJFS filed a Motion to Modify Prior Disposition to

Permanent Custody. The motion stated "Since [Mother] has been in NY there has been

no updates on her progress." Mother was told by TCJFS she would need to get back into

a drug and alcohol program since her last screen with the Agency on 04-08-2020 was

positive. Mother told the Agency she could not find a drug and alcohol program and asked

her caseworker to find one for her.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 6

{¶20} The caseworker did not have an address on file for Mother, despite her

requests for Mother to provide her with address information and services progress.

Mother reported she was drug screened at her place of employment, but the caseworker

was not provided information of where Mother was working. TCJFS concluded that

Mother had not alleviated the concerns that led to A.F.’s removal; her sobriety was

unknown, it was unknown whether she was employed and financially able to take care of

A.F., and it was unknown whether Mother had safe and appropriate housing. The hearing

for the motion filed by TCJFS was scheduled for April 14, 2022.

{¶21} On April 13, 2022, Mother filed a Motion to Extend Temporary Custody to

TCJFS, asserting that her communications to TCJFS regarding her personal information

and progress was not being clearly communicated to the Agency. Mother's motion was

scheduled to be heard on April 14, 2022, at the same hearing as the motion for permanent

custody filed previously by TCJFS.

{¶22} On April 14, 2022, the trial court found the hearing set for TCJFS Motion to

Modify Prior Disposition to Permanent Custody could not go forward as Mother had not

been properly served. Subsequently, Mother's Motion to Extend Temporary Custody to

TCJFS was denied. A new hearing date was ultimately scheduled for August 11, 2022.

{¶23} On August 11, 2022, a hearing on the Motion for Permanent Custody went

forward with the court hearing testimony from one witness: Erica Dalton, the ongoing

caseworker in this matter. Also present in the courtroom were Attorney Gerald Latanich

and Attorney Lisa Caldwell, representing Appellant-Mother, who was not present;

Guardian ad Litem, Attorney Kayla Maszczak; and Attorney Jeffrey Kiggans for TCJFS.

{¶24} At the hearing, Ms. Dalton testified the facts as set forth above.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 7

{¶25} By Judgment Entry issued August 15, 2022, the trial court granted

permanent custody of A.F. to TCJFS

{¶26} It is from this entry Appellant-Mother appeals, assigning the following as

error:

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

{¶27} "I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN AWARDING

PERMANENT CUSTODY TO TUSCARAWAS COUNTY JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES

AS THE AGENCY FAILED TO PROVE BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE

THAT CHILD COULD NOT BE PLACED WITH MOTHER WITHIN A REASONABLE

TIME WHEN IT FAILED TO TAKE THE REASONABLE EFFORTS REQUIRED BY LAW

TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITY OF TRANSFERRING TEMPORARY CUSTODY TO

THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY IN MOTHER'S COUNTY OF RESIDENCE IN

BROOKLYN, NEW YORK."

I.

{¶28} In her sole assignment of error, Appellant-Mother contends the trial court

erred in finding her minor child could not be placed with her in a reasonable amount of

time and failed to make reasonable efforts to transfer temporary custody to a New York

agency. We disagree.

{¶29} R.C. §2151.414 sets forth the guidelines a trial court must follow when

deciding a motion for permanent custody. R.C. §2151.414(A)(1) mandates the trial court

schedule a hearing and provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody

of a child by a public children services agency or private child placing agency that has

temporary custody of the child or has placed the child in long-term foster care.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 8

{¶30} Following the hearing, R.C. §2151.414(B) authorizes the juvenile court to

grant permanent custody of the child to the public or private agency if the court

determines, by clear and convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to grant

permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply: (a) the child is not

abandoned or orphaned, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child's parents

within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child's parents; (b) the child is

abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of the child who are able

to take permanent custody; or (d) the child has been in the temporary custody of one or

more public children services agencies or private child placement agencies for twelve or

more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period ending on or after March 18,

1999.

{¶31} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,

R.C. §2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,

but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with

the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any

other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child as

expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard

for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; and (4) the child's need

for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be

achieved without a grant of permanent custody.

{¶32} Therefore, R.C. §2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial

court must apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, the trial

court will usually determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 9

§2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding

the best interest of the child.

{¶33} If the child is not abandoned or orphaned, the focus turns to whether the

child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable period of time or should not

be placed with the parents. Under R.C. §2151.414(E), the trial court must consider all

relevant evidence before making this determination. The trial court is required to enter

such a finding if it determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that one or more of the

factors enumerated in R.C. §2151.414(E)(1) through (16) exist with respect to each of the

child's parents.

{¶34} As set forth in our statement of the facts and case, supra, we find there was

competent, credible evidence Appellant-Mother failed to remedy the problems which

caused the removal of A.F. from the home, those problems being drug and alcohol use

and lack of stability of housing and employment. Appellant-Mother also failed to appear

at the permanent custody hearing.

{¶35} With regard to the first prong of R.C. §2151.414, the trial court found by

clear and convincing evidence that the Father, J.G., has abandoned A.F. He has stated

that he does not want to be involved in the life of the child. He has not visited or contacted

the child. R.C. §2151.414 (E)(4) and R.C. §2151.414 (E)(10).

{¶36} The trial court also found that Mother has failed to remedy the conditions

that caused the removal of A.F. despite reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by

Tuscarawas County Job and Family Services. R.C. §2151.414(E)(1). Further, Mother has

not had any contact with the child since late October, 2021, to the present. The court

found that such demonstrates a lack of commitment to this child. R.C. §2151.414 (E)(4).
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 10

{¶37} With respect to the best interest finding, the evidence revealed the child was

removed at birth and over a two-year period neither parent has had custody or care of the

child. A.F. has no bond with either parent. There are no relatives willing to accept custody

and neither parent can provide a legally secure placement. The child is not yet two years

old and cannot disclose her wishes. A.F. is in need of a legally secure, permanent

placement. A.F. has a strong bond with foster care givers who wish to adopt this child.

The Guardian ad Litem recommends permanent custody.

{¶38} Based upon the foregoing, we find the trial court's findings that A.F. could

not be placed with Mother within a reasonable time and an award of permanent custody

was in the child's best interest, were not against the manifest weight of the evidence and

were based upon sufficient evidence. We further find the trial court did not abuse its

discretion in granting permanent custody to TCJFS.

Reasonable Efforts

{¶39} Mother also argues that the trial court erred in finding that the Agency made

reasonable efforts “to explore the possibility of transferring temporary custody to the

appropriate agency in Mother’s county of residence in Brooklyn, New York.”

{¶40} Pursuant to R.C. §2151.419, the agency that removed the child from the

home must have made reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of the child from the

child's home, eliminate the continued removal of the child from the home, or make it

possible for the child to return home safely. The statute assigns the burden of proof to the

agency to demonstrate it has made reasonable efforts.

{¶41} However, R.C. §2151.419 does not apply in a hearing on a motion for

permanent custody filed pursuant to R.C. 2151.413 and 2151.414. In re C.F., 113 Ohio
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 11

St.3d 73, 81, 2007-Ohio-1104, 862 N.E.2d 816, (Citation omitted). Therefore, the trial

court was not required to make a specific finding that GCCS had made reasonable efforts

to reunify the family. In In re C.F., supra, the court also stated that this does not mean

that the agency is relieved of the duty to make reasonable efforts,

At various stages of the child-custody proceeding, the agency may

be required under other statutes to prove that it has made reasonable efforts

toward family reunification. To the extent that the trial court relies on

2151.414(E)(1) at a permanent custody hearing, the court must examine

the reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist

the parents' when considering whether the child cannot and should not be

placed with the parent within a reasonable time.

{¶42} Id. at paragraph 42.

{¶43} The Ohio Supreme Court has held that the trial court is not obligated by

R.C. 2151.419 to make a determination that the agency used reasonable efforts to reunify

the family at the time of the permanent custody hearing unless the agency has not

established that reasonable efforts have been made prior to that hearing. See In re C.F.,

113 Ohio St.3d 73, 2007–Ohio–1104, 862 N.E.2d 816, ¶¶ 41; 43. See, also, R.C.

2151.419. The trial court is only obligated to make a determination that the agency has

made reasonable efforts to reunify the family at “adjudicatory, emergency, detention, and

temporary-disposition hearings, and dispositional hearings for abused, neglected, or

dependent children, all of which occur prior to a decision transferring permanent custody

to the state.” In re C.F., ¶ 41.
Stark County, Case No. 2022 AP 09 0027 12

{¶44} A review of the record indicates at multiple review hearings, the trial court

found that the Agency utilized reasonable efforts to reunify the family. No objections were

raised to these findings. Therefore, the showing of reasonable efforts was not required to

be proven by the state or found by the trial court during the permanent custody hearing.

In re J.J.F., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2009-CA-00133, 2009-Ohio-4736, ¶ 26.

{¶45} Further, we find no evidence in the record that Mother ever made a request

for such at transfer.

{¶46} Appellant-Mother’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

{¶47} The judgment of the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,

Tuscarawas County, Ohio, is affirmed.

By: Wise, John, J.

Wise, Earle, P. J., and

Gwin, J., concur.

JWW/ kw 1214