FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
FEB 8 2023
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
AARON RAISER, No. 21-56158
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No.
3:19-cv-00751-GPC-KSC
v.
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO; DOES, 1-20; MEMORANDUM*
Inclusive,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of California
Gonzalo P. Curiel, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted February 6, 2023**
Before: WALLACE, FERNANDEZ, and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges
Aaron Raiser appeals from the judgment entered in favor of the defendants
in his civil rights action arising out of investigatory stops made by three different
San Diego County detectives in 2017 and 2018. We have jurisdiction pursuant to
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review summary judgment de novo, First Resort, Inc. v.
Herrera, 860 F.3d 1263, 1271 (9th Cir. 2017), and affirm.
Summary judgment was proper for the defendants. All three stops were
supported by reasonable suspicion that Raiser might be committing a crime. See
Reynaga Hernandez v. Skinner, 969 F.3d 930, 937 (9th Cir. 2020) (holding that an
investigatory stop is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances
if the objective facts and reasonable inferences allow the officer to suspect that the
person is or has engaged in criminal activity). During the stops, which lasted from
2 to 14 minutes, the detectives focused on the reasons for the stops and then
allowed Raiser to leave. See United States v. Torres-Sanchez, 83 F.3d 1123, 1129
(9th Cir. 1996) (holding that an investigatory stop is reasonable in length and scope
if “the officers diligently pursued a means of investigation that was likely to
confirm or dispel their suspicions quickly . . .”) (internal quotation marks omitted).
Raiser waived his claim against the county by not amending his complaint
after the district court dismissed with leave to amend. Herrera, 860 F.3d at 1274.
The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying the motion for
reconsideration of the deposition and sanction orders. Raiser did not offer newly
discovered evidence or establish clear error or an intervening change in controlling
2
law. See Carroll v. Nakatani, 342 F.3d 934, 945 (9th Cir 2003) (setting forth the
standard and standard of review).
To the extent that Raiser appeals from the underlying orders, the district
court did not abuse its discretion by denying Raiser’s request to conduct
depositions without a deposition officer who met the requirements of Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure 30(b) and 28. Contrary to Raiser’s assertion, he could not act as
the deposition officer. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 28(c) (“A deposition must not be taken
before a person. . . who is financially interested in the action.”). Nor did Raiser
demonstrate that he could have the deposition certified as required by Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 30(f)(1). Moreover, absent the qualified officer’s certification,
the deposition transcript would not be admissible at summary judgment. See Orr
v. Bank of America, NT & SA, 285 F.3d 764, 774 (9th Cir. 2002) (holding that an
extract from a deposition that lacks the reporter’s certification is inadmissible at
summary judgment).
The district court did not abuse its discretion by holding that: (1) the
defendants’ refusal to attend depositions without a qualified officer was
substantially justified; (2) an award of expenses would be unjust; and (3)
terminating sanctions were not appropriate. See Legal Voice v. Stormans Inc., 738
F.3d 1178, 1184 (9th Cir. 2013) (setting forth the standard of review for discovery
3
sanctions); Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(d)(3) (setting forth the standard for sanctions); Payne
v. Exxon Corp., 121 F.3d 503, 507 (9th Cir. 1997) (holding that terminating
sanctions may be granted only for “willfulness, fault, or bad faith”) (internal
quotation marks omitted).
The mere fact that the court ruled against Raiser did not establish bias.
Leslie v. Grupo ICA, 198 F.3d 1152, 1160 (9th Cir. 1999).
AFFIRMED.
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Aaron Raiser v. County of San Diego
Combined Opinion