Chuck v. Gomes

OPINION OF THE COURT BY

KOBAYASHI, J.

This is an appeal from the decree of the trial court ordering a sale of realty at public auction rather than a partition of the real estate. We affirm.

The real estate is owned equally by nine individuals as tenants in common, each owning an undivided one-ninth (l/9th) interest in fee. An action for partition of the realty or sale thereof was filed by three of the owners against the other owners.

*172The issues are: (1) whether or not evidence adduced at the trial made it appear “that a partition cannot be made without great prejudice to the owners ’ ’, and (2) whether or not the trial court was correct in requiring the sale of the realty at public auction.

The relevant statutes are HRS § 668-1,1 which provides in part:

§ 668-1 Suits for partition. When two or more persons hold or are in possession of real property as joint tenants or as tenants in common, in which one or more of them have an estate in fee, or a life estate in possession, a suit in equity may be brought by any one or more of them in the circuit court of the circuit in which the property is situated, for a partition of the property, according to the respective rights of the parties interested therein, and/or a sale of the same or a part thereof if it appears that a partition cannot be made without great prejudice to the owners [emphasis added] . . .

and HRS § 668-7(6)2 which provides:

§ 668-7 Powers of the court. The court shall have power:
(6) to divide and allot portions of the premises to some or all of the parties and order a sale of the remainder, or to sell the whole, where for any reason partition in kind would be impracticable in whole or in part or be greatly prejudicial to the parties interested, .... (Emphasis added.)

The trial court issued an “Order for Commissioner to Investigate and Report to the Court Re Feasibility of Partition of Property” which provided, inter alia, as follows:

“1. The Court hereby appoints John W. J. Lum, as Commissioner in partition, to investigate and report to the Court as to the feasibility and practicality of the partition of the property described in the Complaint filed herein for a (1) *173one-ninth (l/9th) interest in favor of Antone S. Teixeira, and a (2) eighth-ninth (8/9th) interest in favor of a proposed purchaser or in any other division and to prepare a plan for such division into lots or as to the non-feasibility and impracticality of any physical partition of said property(Emphasis added.)

The trial court’s order was premised on the fact that there was constant bickering and disagreement among the nine owners and upon the further fact that, of the nine persons who owned the fee as tenants in common, only defendant Antone S.Teixeira initially refused to agree to sell the real estate to a proposed purchaser. Mr. Antone Teixeira sought to have his share by way of partition of the realty, or in the alternative, be given the right to purchase the entire property in question.

The filed report of the Commissioner, a registered civil engineer and a land surveyor, gives the following relevant facts:

1. The total area of the property is 178,325 square feet and a one-ninth parcel would be composed of 19,814 square feet;

2. The main portion of the property is approximately 300 feet in width and 500 feet in length:

3. The land rises from approximately 7.5 feet in elevation to 225 feet;

4. In general, the tract is characterized by four strips of fairly uniform slopes. From the southerly boundary the land rises on a 16% slope for 160 feet, followed by a 60% slope for 110 feet, leveling to a 12% slope for 155 feet and ending with a steep 80% slope for the last 50 feet;

5. Access to this land is from Keanu Street over a private 30-foot wide roadway which is a part of the southwesterly segment of this tract. This roadway serves several other parcels of land and may not be closed;

6. The zoning for the property is presently R-6. While the General Plan of the City and County of Honolulu has designated the property for a school site, however, the Department of Education of the State has no present or future plans to develop the property as a school site;

7. It is feasible and practical to partition the property into *174two separate parcels — one parcel would contain 19,814 square feet and the other parcel would contain 158,511 square feet;

8. An exhibit map “A” shows the 19,814 square foot parcel as Parcel A and an alternate Parcel B. Parcel A is contiguous to land owned by defendant Antone S. Teixeira and Marjory Ann Teixeira. Further, Parcel A has the same general topography as the remaining 158,511 square foot parcel. In addition, Parcel A can be consolidated with Antone and Marjory Teixeira’s land into a parcel acceptable to the City’s Planning Department;

9. Parcel B would lengthen and enlarge Antone and Marjory Teixeira’s land. This addition would be in more level land but would be encumbered by a 30-foot right-of-way (2,733 square feet) to the 158,511 square foot parcel. Parcel B would separate the remainder into two parcels and its acceptability to the City’s Planning Department would be in doubt;

10. In conclusion, the Commissioner recommended only the partition in kind creating Parcel A, as shown on Exhibit A, and the eight-ninths (8/9ths) portion.

At the trial the Commissioner, in answer to a question whether or not it was possible to subdivide the realty into nine separate parcels, stated that it was possible to so subdivide but difficult.

Mr. Ray W. Hambleton, a licensed real estate appraiser, testified to the effect that the realty is worth more if partition is not had. He further testified that Parcels A and B are worth less separated from the whole of the realty and that Parcel B is worth more than Parcel A.

Testimony adduced at the trial show clearly that Antone Teixeira rejected Par cel A and further, he was so equivocal in his answer as to Parcel B that the trial court concluded that Antone Teixeira would not accept Parcel B as a proper partition of the realty as his share.

The trial court, in its decree of sale of the realty, held that a partition of the real property into nine individual parcels was not feasible.

The appellants do not contest the trial court’s finding of the lack of feasibility. However, they contend that the record *175herein fails to show that a partition of the realty into nine individual parcels or any other form of partition would be with great prejudice to the owners. We disagree with appellants’ contention. The totality of the proceeding shows that a partition of the realty into nine individual parcels or any other form of partition would be with great prejudice to the owners.

In the instant case Antone Teixeira refused to accept Parcel A or Parcel B in satisfaction of his one-ninth (l/9th) undivided interest in the realty. And neither Antone Teixeira nor the other appellants urged upon the court or adduced evidence regarding a different form of partition of the realty that would be feasible or practical, that is, a partition that would be without great prejudice to the owners.

In addition, the Commissioner, after receipt of the order of the trial court directing him to determine the feasibility of a partition of the realty not only into one one-ninth (l/9th) parcel and one eight-ninths (8/9ths) parcel but also a partition of the realty “in any other division”, concluded that only a partition of the realty into Parcel A or Parcel B and one eight-ninths (8/9ths) parcel was feasible and practical. Implicit in the Commissioner’s conclusion is that any other form of partition of the realty was not feasible or practical and that any other form of partition would be with great prejudice to the owners.

The testimony of the appraiser is also relevant in denying the contention of the appellants.

We are of the opinion that implicit in the trial court’s finding that a partition of the realty into nine individual parcels is not feasible, is the trial court’s conclusion that partition of the realty into nine individual parcels cannot be made without great prejudice to the owners.

The record of the case sustains the trial court in its decree of public sale of the realty in question. Under the provisions of HRS § 668-7(6) the trial court is empowered to order the sale of the realty in question “where for any reason partition in kind would be impracticable in whole or in part or be greatly prejudicial to the parties interested”.

In our opinion the words “not feasible” in the context of the trial court’s finding are synonymous with the word “impracticable”. See People v. Poly, 40 N.Y.S. 990, 992, 17 *176Misc. 162, 164, 11 N.Cr. 346 (1896); Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (unabridged, 1966).

Boyce R. Brown, Jr. (Mattoch, Kemper & Brown of counsel) for defendant-appellant and defendant-intervenor-appellant. Hiroshi Sakai (Richard M. C. Lum with him on the brief) for plaintiffs-appellees.

The other issues raised by the appellants are without merit.

Prior to amendment by Act 90, S.L.H. 1972.

Id.