People v. Kelly

CRAIL, P. J.

This is an appeal from a judgment of conviction of the crime of bigamy and from an order denying defendant’s motion for a new trial.

The defendant was married to Louise J. Sinclair and without obtaining a divorce married Virginia Roszkowski and lived with her as man and wife in the State of California.

The defendant’s first contention is that the trial court erred in sustaining objections to certain testimony directed to the proposition that defendant had erroneously assumed that he was divorced from the complaining witness prior to the time he contracted the marriage alleged to be bigamous. There is no merit in this contention. A second marriage under an erroneous assumption that the first marriage has been annulled or dissolved is not a defense to a charge of bigamy. (People v. Hartman, 130 Cal. 487 [62 Pac. 823]; People v. Priestley, 17 Cal. App. 171, at 177 [118 Pac. 965]; People v. Glab, 13 Cal. App. (2d) 528, at 535 [57 Pac. (2d) 588].) Although there is a conflict in the decisions in other jurisdictions, the California cases are in line with the greater weight of authority. (10 C. J. S. 367; State v. Hendrickson, 67 Utah, 15 [245 Pac. 375, 57 A. L. R. 792].)

*626The defendant’s next contention is that the court erred in excluding the testimony of the witness George Trotter that he had heard the prosecuting witness tell the defendant that she had divorced the defendant. This evidence was offered for the purpose of showing that the defendant was not married to the prosecuting witness, and for such purpose it was inadmissible and hearsay under People v. Hartman, supra. (See, also, 8 Cal. Jur. 84.) It was not offered for impeachment. No effort was made by the defendant to lay a foundation of time, place and persons present in order to impeach the prosecuting witness. The point is untenable.

The defendant next contends that the court erred in limiting the cross-examination of the witness Roszkowski. In this behalf the defendant sets forth that in an effort to show bias and prejudice on the part of the witness, the witness was asked the following questions: “You don’t love the defenddant?” “You did not love the defendant when you married him?” “He spent quite a lot of money on you, didn’t he?” The answers sought to be elicited would not have shown bias or prejudice on the part of the witness.

The defendant next contends that the court erred in restricting cross-examination of the prosecuting witness to exclude contradictory statements made by her in which she stated she had divorced the defendant. This testimony was not offered for the purpose of impeaching the witness, but for the purpose of proving the facts contained in the answers. No foundation of time, place and persons was attempted to be laid. (8 Cal. Jur. 84.) However, a reading of the transcript discloses that defendant finally managed to get into the record without objection all the evidence which he contends was improperly excluded. There is no merit in this contention.

The defendant's next contention is that the court erred in granting a continuance during the course of the trial. During the redirect examination of the prosecuting witness she testified that she was uncertain as to whether or not she had ever been divorced from one George Martin. It also appeared that she had not disclosed to anyone connected with the prosecution the fact of her previous marriage to George Martin. As a result of this uncertainty the prosecution requested a continuance and one was granted for a few days, *627during which time a duly exemplified copy of a decree of divorce from George Martin was obtained and was received in evidence, and the trial resumed. No showing is made by the defendant that he was in any manner prejudiced by this continuance.

The defendant’s next contention is that the court erred in refusing to give certain of defendant’s requested instructions and in modifying one of the instructions which he did give. Defendant does not take the trouble to set out these instructions in his brief, and it is not necessary for us to comment upon them in detail. They cover largely the same questions which have heretofore been discussed and found to be without merit. In our view there is no reversible error in the instructions of the court.

Finally, the defendant contends that the court erred in refusing to grant a motion for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence. As a basis for his motion for a new trial defendant filed an affidavit wherein, in substance, he recites that his true name is Leonard Kelly; that on the 31st day of March, 1921, he married one Ella Miller in Louisville, Kentucky; that on two occasions he gave Ella Miller money with which to procure a divorce. But the affidavit is silent as to whether Ella Miller ever actually obtained a divorce, but inferentially it appears from the affidavit that he was not divorced from the said Ella Miller at the time of his marriage to the witness Louise Sinclair. He did not inform his counsel of these facts until after the trial was completely over and a verdict of guilty had been returned. The reason for not so informing his counsel of the facts was because of his total ignorance of the materiality thereof. The defendant now contends that this constitutes newly discovered evidence which would change the result of the trial on the ground that if it should appear that the marriage charged in the information as being the first marriage was itself bigamous, there could be no conviction except upon a new prosecution based on the valid marriage. The facts narrated in the affidavit do not constitute new evidence which would entitle the defendant to a new trial. To entitle a party to a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence, it must appear that the evidence and not merely its materiality be newly discovered. (People v. Sut*628ton, 73 Cal. 243 [15 Pac. 86]; People v. Urquidas, 96 Cal. 239 [31 Pac. 52].)

Judgment and order affirmed.

Wood, J., concurred.