McDonald v. State

Smith, Presiding Judge.

Richmond McDonald was indicted on charges of child molestation and criminal attempt to commit aggravated child molestation. He was convicted on the child molestation charge. McDonald’s motion for new trial, as amended, was denied, and he appeals, raising several enumerations of error. Because we conclude that the trial court admitted pornographic materials unconnected with the crimes with which McDonald was charged in violation of the rule set out in Simpson v. State, 271 Ga. 772 (523 SE2d 320) (1999), we reverse.

The 12-year-old victim in this case alleged that McDonald molested her while she and Laura Scott, who is her cousin and also McDonald’s girlfriend, spent the night at McDonald’s apartment. McDonald testified, denying the allegations.

The State introduced extensive documentary evidence, including printouts of e-mail messages and portions of e-mail messages exchanged between McDonald and the victim, who resided in Florida. Those messages alluded to the events that may have occurred on the night of the alleged molestation. But while these messages were inculpatory to some extent, standing alone, they did not clearly show that McDonald had committed the offenses charged in the indictment.

1. Over McDonald’s objection, the State also introduced, and the trial court admitted, several graphic pornographic images retrieved and copied from Scott’s computer. The admission of these images con*2stitutes one subject of McDonald’s appeal. Many of the images did not depict children but instead depicted sexual activity involving adult women. Other images were referred to as “banners,” defined by expert testimony as an advertisement across the top or bottom of the computer screen “like a commercial on the internet.” And some of the images were referred to as “thumbnails.” One expert stated that “thumbnails” are sometimes found on web pages and defined the term as “a smaller picture of a picture” that, if clicked on, would “download a larger version of the picture.” According to this expert, if only the “thumbnail” image appeared on a hard drive, this would indicate that no one ever clicked on the small image to download the larger one.

We agree with McDonald that many of the pornographic materials were erroneously admitted. The images were not relevant and were not admissible simply to show his lustful disposition. In Simpson, supra, the Supreme Court of Georgia limited the admissibility of sexual materials or paraphernalia found within a defendant’s possession. The Court held that such evidence is

inadmissible unless it shows defendant’s lustful disposition toward the sexual activity with which he is charged or his bent of mind to engage in that activity. Under this rule, sexually explicit material cannot be introduced merely to show a defendant’s interest in sexual activity. It can only be admitted if it can be linked to the crime charged.

Id. at 774 (1).

Here, several images depicting sexual activity involving adults were introduced for the sole purpose of showing McDonald’s lustful disposition and were not linked to the crimes for which he was charged. The images were not shown to the victim, nor were they emailed to her. Under the rule set out in Simpson, the admission of such images was error. See also Tyson v. State, 241 Ga. App. 288, 291-292 (2) (526 SE2d 603) (1999) (full concurrence as to Division 2); Frazier v. State, 241 Ga. App. 125, 126-127 (1) (524 SE2d 768) (1999). And while the State did present inculpatory evidence against McDonald, we cannot conclude that the error in admitting the images was harmless. As in Frazier, supra, no physical evidence was. offered. Also, McDonald

waived his constitutional right not to testify on his own behalf and denied having committed the charged acts. Thus, the jury was required to decide between the credibility of the State’s inculpatory evidence and the credibility of [his] exculpatory testimony. As a matter of Georgia law, the harm*3less error or overwhelming evidence analysis does not apply under these circumstances.

(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Id. at 127. Because we cannot conclude with any certainty that the admission of the images had no prejudicial effect, McDonald is entitled to a new trial.

On retrial, pornographic images related to the crime for which McDonald is charged may be admissible under Simpson, provided the State lays a proper foundation. Some question did exist during the trial of this case as to whether the State properly showed a connection between McDonald and the pornographic materials. It is not clear, for example, whether the “thumbnails” and “banners” admitted info evidence were ever opened or downloaded by McDonald. And evidence also was introduced that at least one other person, Scott’s former husband, had access to the computer before Scott and McDonald began dating. Scott’s ex-husband had purchased the computer in October 1995, and McDonald testified that he did not have access to the computer before February 1998.

We find no merit in the State’s argument that Simpson should not be applied retroactively to this case. The Supreme Court in Simpson modified a rule of evidence, which was procedural, and the new rule therefore may be applied retroactively. “[A] new rule of criminal procedure . . . will be applied to all cases then on direct review or not yet final.” (Citation and footnote omitted.) Taylor v. State, 262 Ga. 584, 586 (3) (422 SE2d 430) (1992). See also Smith v. State, 268 Ga. 860, 861 (2) (494 SE2d 322) (1998). While this case was not on direct review when Simpson was decided, the case was not yet final at that time. Simpson was decided after McDonald was convicted but before he was sentenced and before he was required to file a notice of appeal. The rule announced in Simpson is applicable to this case.

2. We address here other arguments raised by McDonald that are likely to recur on retrial. He correctly contends that the State was erroneously permitted to ask the victim questions concerning her previous sexual experience. Over McDonald’s objection, the victim testified that before her experience with McDonald, no one had ever placed his hands underneath her shirt and felt her breasts or performed any of the other acts allegedly performed by McDonald. Such testimony was not admissible. See Herndon v. State, 232 Ga. App. 129, 132 (2) (499 SE2d 918) (1998).

3. McDonald argues that the State failed to comply with OCGA § 24-9-83 when it cross-examined him about a recorded conversation he had with an investigator. It is not disputed that the conversation was transcribed into a 22-page transcript. The State asked McDonald numerous questions concerning statements he made during the conversation without showing the statements to McDonald or read*4ing the statements in his hearing, in contravention of OCGA § 24-9-83. That Code section requires that if a witness is to be impeached by a previous contradictory statement and the statement is in writing and in existence, it “shall be shown to him or read in his hearing.”

4. Finally, we address McDonald’s contention that the trial court erred in refusing to allow expert testimony concerning the creation of “false memories” in children. We note simply in this regard that such testimony may be permissible, provided that the party seeking to present the testimony shows that the expert’s opinion is based on facts within his or her personal knowledge or other facts admitted into evidence. Barlow v. State, 270 Ga. 54, 55-56 (507 SE2d 416) (1998). Compare Lane v. State, 223 Ga. App. 740, 744 (7) (479 SE2d 350) (1996) (proffered testimony not based on expert’s personal knowledge or facts admitted in evidence and trial court did not abuse discretion in excluding testimony).

5. We are unable to discern whether McDonald’s remaining enumerations will recur on retrial, and we therefore do not address them here.

Judgment reversed.

Johnson, P. J., and Phipps, J., concur.