A jury convicted appellant Bobby Morris of Class B felony nonsupport and sentenced him to serve forty years in the Arkansas Department of Correction. He argues that the trial court erred in failing to grant his motion to dismiss and his motion for a directed verdict because the statute of limitations for a Class B felony is three years, and he was convicted for arrearages that date back more than three years from the time he was charged with nonsupport. Because the Arkansas Supreme Court has squarely rejected appellant’s arguments, we affirm.
On November 5, 2002, appellant was charged with Class B felony nonsupport. On June 17, 2003, the State filed an amended information, more specifically alleging that appellant owed over $25,000 in child support as a result of not paying support from May 1, 1986, through June 1, 2003. On the morning of his trial, appellant filed a written motion to dismiss the charge, arguing that calculation of the arrearages exceeded the three-year statute of limitations for prosecution of a Class B felony.
Immediately before trial, appellant orally raised his motion to dismiss. He asserted that if arrearages were calculated for the three-year period prior to the filing of the information, he could be charged, at the most, with a Class C felony.1 The State countered that the offense of nonsupport is an ongoing offense. The trial court denied the motion. Appellant later moved for a directed verdict based on the same argument. The trial court denied appellant’s motion and subsequently denied his renewal, which was also based on the same argument. Appellant was convicted of the Class B felony and was ordered to serve forty years at the Arkansas Department of Correction. This appeal followed.
Appellant asserts that the three-year statute of limitations that applies to Class B felonies limits the State to calculating arrearages to those arrearages that occurred no more than three years prior to the date he was charged.2 He asserts that the legislature has carved out no exceptions to the three-year statute of limitations that governs Class B felonies. Thus, he maintains that his charges should have been reduced to a Class C felony. Appellant reasons that classifying nonsupport as a continuing offense allows the State to wait until a person’s arrearages reaches the level of the charging class that the State desires, ranging from a misdemeanor to a Class B felony. He notes that, according to the State’s argument, he could have been charged in 1996 with a Class A misdemeanor, in 1997 with a Class C felony, and in 1998, with a Class B felony.
The State contends that the legislative intent that nonsupport should be considered a continuing offense is seen in the fact that the legislature chose to elevate the class of offense based upon the total amount of arrearages. Otherwise, a person could never be guilty of Class B nonsupport unless they failed to pay a one-time payment of $25,000. Further, the State cites to the Commentary to the Arkansas Code and to dicta in which the Arkansas Supreme Court lists nonsupport as an example of a continuing offense. See Original Comment to Ark. Code Ann. § 5-1-110 (Repl. 1997); see also Hagen v. State, 318 Ark. 139, 883 S.W.2d 832 (1994) (stating in dicta that nonsupport is a continuing offense).
Whether to grant a motion to dismiss a criminal prosecution lies within the discretion of the trial court. Biggers v. State, 317 Ark. 414, 878 S.W.2d 717 (1994). A motion for a directed verdict is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Miles v. State, 350 Ark. 243, 85 S.W.3d 907 (2002). On appeal from the denial of a motion for a directed verdict, this court reviews the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, and affirms if substantial evidence supports the jury verdict; only evidence supporting the guilty verdict need be considered. Id.
Arkansas Code Annotated § 5-26-401(a)(2) (Supp. 2003) provides that a person commits the offense of nonsupport if he fails to provide support to his legitimate child who is less than eighteen years old. This statute further provides that nonsupport is a Class B felony if the person owes more than $25,000 in past-due-child support, and is a Class C felony if the person owes between $10,000 and $25,000 in past-due child support. A prosecution for a Class B or Class C felony must be brought within three years after the felony is committed. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-l-109(b)(2) (Supp. 2003).
For statute of limitations purposes, a single, noncontinuing offense is committed when every element of the crime occurs. Ark. Code. Ann. § 5-l-109(e)(l). However, a continuing offense is committed for statute of limitations purposes at the time a course of conduct or the defendant’s complicity therein is terminated. Ark. Code. Ann. § 5-l-109(e)(l). A continuing offense is seen in the legislative purpose to prohibit a continuing course of conduct. Ark. Code. Ann. § 5-l-109(e)(l). The test to determine if a situation involves a continuing offense is whether the individual acts are prohibited, or whether the prohibited conduct is the course of action which the individual acts constitute. McClennan v. State, 337 Ark. 83, 987 S.W.2d 668 (1999). Ifit is the former, then each act is a separate offense; if it is the latter, the offense is a continuous offense. Id.
The State asserts that the issue of whether nonsupport is a continuing offense is an issue of first impression. However, the Arkansas Supreme Court has recently addressed this issue, and in so doing, has squarely held that nonsupport is a continuing offense. See Hampton v. State, 357 Ark. 473, 183 S.W.3d. 148 (2004). The Hampton defendant filed a motion in limine, seeking to limit the time period in which the State could charge him with nonsupport and seeking to limit the amount of time used to calculate the amount of child support owed. Id. The Hampton defendant argued that, because he was charged with Class D felony nonsupport, and because prosecutions for Class D felonies must be brought within three years of the date the offense is committed, he could only be charged with arrearages dating no earlier than three years prior to the date the information was filed. Id. The State countered that the offense of nonsupport was a continuing offense. The trial court in Hampton denied the defendant’s motion. The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed the trial court’s ruling, holding that nonsupport is a continuing offense, and that the prosecution was timely because the information was filed within three years after the offense was committed. Id.3
The Hampton case compels affirmance in the instant case. The only difference between the Hampton case and this case is the appellant here was charged with a Class B felony instead of a Class D felony. However, the same statute provides a three-year statute of limitations for Class B, C, and D felonies. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-l-109(c). Here, appellant was originally charged on November 5, 2002. An amended information was filed on June 17, 2003, alleging that appellant failed to pay support from May 1, 1986, through June 1, 2003. Therefore, the offense, a continuing offense, was committed as ofjune 1, 2003, and the charge was filed within three years of the date the offense was committed. Accordingly, the trial court did not err in denying appellant’s motion to dismiss or his motion for a directed verdict.
Affirmed.
Neal, J., agrees. Roaf, J., concurs.Appellant states that the appropriate three-year period is June 1999 through June 2002. However, appellant was charged in June 2003, not June 2002. Even if the statute of limitations began when the information was originally charged, in November 2002, the prosecution still began within three years from the date the information was charged, and therefore, was timely.
At trial, appellant also argued in his motion for a directed verdict that the State failed to show that his failure to pay was willful. However, he asserts only the statute-of-limitations argument on appeal.
We note that the Hampton court stated that it held in McClennan v. State, supra, that nonsupport is a continuing offense. This statement appears to be in error, because the statement in McClennan that nonsupport was a continuing offense was dicta. The issue in McClennan was whether three instances of performing a terroristic act should be charged as a single, continuing offense. In stating the law governing continuous offenses, the McClennan court noted that nonsupport under § 5-26-401 was a continuing offense. Therefore, we do not cite McClennan as direct authority that nonsupport constitutes a continuing offense.