I believe that Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, which protects the right of the people to be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures, prohibits the type of deceptive practices which were utilized by the police in this case. Therefore, I respectfully dissent.
In February, 1992, police conducted an investigation into a series of burglaries and computer thefts which had occurred at Pennsylvania State University. The investigation resulted in the identification of Leon Gefert as a suspect in the commission of the burglaries and thefts. Gefert was a friend and associate of the Appellant, Eric Reiss. Gefert was arrested and, following his preliminary hearing on charges related to burglary and computer theft, he informed the police that Reiss may have been involved in these crimes.1 Gefert subsequently *163agreed to cooperate with the police in obtaining additional information from Reiss.
On February 12th, the police proceeded with a plan to use Gefert to gain access to Reiss’ apartment in an effort to uncover incriminating evidence against Reiss with regard to the burglaries and computer theft. It was agreed that Officer David Jordan, of the Pennsylvania State University Police, would accompany Gefert on a visit to Reiss’ apartment. It was also agreed that Officer Jordan would be held out to Reiss as Gefert’s cousin “John Stockey.” Officer Jordan was to accompany Gefert into Reiss’ apartment for supposedly three reasons: (1) to provide safety to Gefert, (2) to verify the presence of the stolen computer equipment within Reiss’ apartment, and (3) to insure that Gefert would truthfully and fully relay what had transpired within the apartment since Gefert and Reiss were friends.
Gefert contacted Reiss by telephone and persuaded Reiss to meet him at Reiss’ apartment to discuss a “serious matter.” Upon arriving at Reiss’ apartment with Officer Jordan, Gefert and Officer Jordan were admitted by Reiss, and Gefert introduced Officer Jordan to Reiss as Gefert’s cousin. Reiss then led Gefert and Officer Jordan to his bedroom to discuss Gefert’s concerns. It was at this time that Officer Jordan observed a computer in Reiss’ bedroom which matched the description of the computer which Gefert told police he had sold to Reiss. Officer Jordan also heard Reiss make an incriminating statement. Gefert and Officer Jordan then exited Reiss’ apartment.
After leaving Reiss’ apartment, Officer Jordan immediately related the discovered information to Pennsylvania State University Officer Tom Sowerby and State College Bureau Police Investigator John Wilson, who were waiting outside Reiss’ apartment. Officer Jordan informed Officers Sowerby and Wilson that the computer in Reiss’ bedroom matched the computer described by Gefert as the stolen computer sold by Gefert to Reiss. Following receipt of this information, Officers Sowerby and Wilson went to Reiss’ apartment within five minutes of Gefert’s and Officer Jordan’s departure from the *164apartment and asked to be admitted. Once inside Reiss’ apartment, Officer Sowerby informed Reiss that he and Officer Wilson were there to investigate recent computer thefts at the University and Reiss was asked if he would consent to a search of his apartment.
Reiss consented to a search of his apartment and, in fact, was extremely cooperative with the police. Reiss assisted the police in the search of his apartment by identifying exactly what items had been stolen. The search resulted in such a large number of stolen items that a truck was necessary to transport the stolen property. Reiss now maintains that the initial search by Officer' Jordan, as well- as the subsequent search by Officers Sowerby and Wilson, were violative of this state’s constitutional prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, thereby requiring the suppression of all evidence obtained by Officers Sowerby and Wilson as a result of the search of his apartment.2 I respectfully submit that because the initial search of Reiss’ apartment by Officer Jordan was unconstitutionally deceptive, and, therefore, illegal, all of the evidence obtained as a result of this illegal search should have been suppressed.
Prior to trial, Reiss filed an omnibus pretrial motion challenging the searches of his residence, as well as the statements made subsequent to these searches. The motion was denied and Reiss was convicted by a jury of burglary (three counts), criminal trespass (four counts), theft (four counts), and one count each of criminal mischief and receiving stolen property. Reiss now questions, inter alia, the denial of his suppression motion by the trial court.
When we review an order denying a motion to suppress evidence, we must determine whether the factual findings of the trial court are supported by the evidence of record. Commonwealth v. Donahue, 428 Pa.Super. 259, 278, 630 A.2d *1651238, 1247 (1993) (citations omitted). In making this determination, this court may only consider the evidence of the Commonwealth’s witnesses, and so much of the witnesses for the defendant, as fairly read in the context of the record as a whole, which remains uncontradicted. Id. If the evidence supports the findings of the trial court, we are bound by such findings and may reverse only if the legal conclusions drawn therefrom are erroneous. Id. In addition, we note that “when ruling on suppression motions, the suppression court is required to make findings of fact and conclusions of law as to whether evidence was obtained in violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights.” Commonwealth v. Haynes, 395 Pa.Super. 322, 333, 577 A.2d 564, 570. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 323(i). In this case, the trial court made conclusions of law which, I submit, are erroneous under the current law in Pennsylvania. The trial court concluded, based on the facts previously set forth, that “no ‘search’ was conducted by Officer Jordan” when Officer Jordan surreptitiously entered Reiss’ apartment and viewed evidence and heard statements.
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that “[t]he term ‘search’ as applied to searches and seizures is an examination of an individual’s house, buildings or person, for the purpose of discovering contraband or some evidence of guilt to be used in the prosecution of a criminal action.” Commonwealth v. Gibson, 536 Pa. 123, 128, 638 A.2d 203, 205 (1994) (citing Commonwealth v. Anderson, 208 Pa.Super. 323, 222 A.2d 495 (1966)); see also Commonwealth v. Lemanski, 365 Pa.Super. 332, 529 A.2d 1085 (1987) (holding that a search occurs when an expectation of privacy that society is prepared to consider reasonable is infringed). It is undisputed that the reason Officer Jordan entered Reiss’ apartment was to examine this individual’s home for the purpose of discovering some evidence of guilt to be used in the prosecution of the burglaries and computer thefts. Thus, it is clear that Officer Jordan’s observations within Reiss’ apartment amounted to a search. Gibson, supra 536 Pa. at 131, 638 A.2d 207.
The trial court’s erroneous conclusion that no search was conducted by Officer Jordan is not corrected by the assertion *166that no search occurred because Officer Jordan observed the stolen property in plain view in Reiss’ bedroom. While it is true that evidence within the plain view of police can be seized without a warrant under the plain view exception, it is also true that, in order for that evidence in plain view to be seized without a warrant, there must be a prior valid intrusion. Gibson, 536 Pa. at 131, 638 A.2d at 207; see also Commonwealth v. Black, 365 Pa.Super. 502, 507, 530 A.2d 423, 426 (1987) (holding that “[a] policeman ordinarily need not secure a warrant before confiscating contraband which he observes in plain view; however, he cannot properly seize evidence which he uncovers after entering a place where he has no legal right to be.”) (citations omitted).
In Gibson, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that because the police did not have probable cause to enter the apartment initially, and therefore were not legitimately on the premises when they observed the defendants engaged in underage drinking, the plain view exception to the warrant requirement did not apply. Id. Presently, the police did not have a warrant to enter and search Reiss’ apartment. Furthermore, as in Gibson, the police in the instant case did not have probable cause to enter Reiss’ apartment initially. “Probable cause exists where the facts and circumstances within the officers’ knowledge are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed.” Gibson, 536 Pa. at 130, 638 A.2d at 206. Suspicion is no substitute for probable cause. Id.
The only information available to police at the time Officer Jordan entered Reiss’ apartment was an unsubstantiated rumor that Reiss was involved in the computer thefts and Gefert’s statements that he had sold Reiss a stolen computer and that Reiss had also been involved in the burglaries and thefts. This information hardly amounts to probable cause to search a person’s home. In fact, the Commonwealth admitted in its proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law that:
[cjlearly the information provided by Gefert was stale, given his having been away from the area for a month or more prior to the visit on February 12, 1992, and there was no *167way that a search warrant could have been properly issued on the basis of information available to police prior to this visit of Gefert and Officer Jordan.
In light of the information obtained by police prior to Officer Jordan’s entrance to Reiss’ apartment, it is clear that probable cause did not exist at that time and that the information only supported their suspicions that Reiss may have been engaged in criminal activity. “The seriousness of the criminal activity under investigation, whether it is the sale of drugs or the commission of a violent crime, can never be used as justification for ignoring or abandoning the constitutional right of every person in this Commonwealth to be free from intrusions upon his or her personal liberty absent probable cause.” Commonwealth v. Rodriquez, 532 Pa. 62, 73, 614 A.2d 1378, 1383 (1992). Moreover, “ ‘suspicions’ of criminal activity are not the standard which our constitutional system has chosen to safeguard the rights of citizens against arbitrary intrusions by the government.” Commonwealth v. Schaeffer, 370 Pa.Super. 179, 536 A.2d 354 (1987) (en banc), aff'd by an equally divided Court, Commonwealth v. Schaeffer, 539 Pa. 271, 652 A.2d 294 (1994).
As in Gibson, the police did not have probable cause to enter Reiss’ apartment initially, and, therefore, Officer Jordan was not legitimately on Reiss’ premises when he observed the stolen computer equipment. Consequently, the plain view exception to the warrant requirement does not apply. Gibson, supra. Indeed, the police probably did not attempt to obtain a search warrant prior to the visit by Officer Jordan because they knew that probable cause for a warrant did not exist. Pa. Const, art. I, § 8 (“no warrant to search any place ... shall issue ... without probable cause”).
Since I would find that a search was, in fact, conducted of Reiss’ apartment by Officer Jordan, and that the plain view exception to the warrant requirement does not apply in this case, it must next be ascertained whether the search was unreasonable and, thus, violative of our state constitution. Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution provides:
*168The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers and possessions from unreasonable searches and seizures, and no warrant to search any place or to seize any person or things shall issue without describing them as nearly as may be, nor without probable cause, supported by oath or ¿ffirmation subscribed to by the affiant.
Pa. Const, art. I, § 8.
Courts of this Commonwealth have held that the protection furnished by Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution extends to those areas where one has a “reasonable expectation of privacy,” and that Article I, Section 8 creates an implicit right to privacy in this Commonwealth. Commonwealth v. Blystone, 519 Pa. 450, 463, 549 A.2d 81, 87 (1988). This section of the Pennsylvania Constitution was premised on the belief that great protection must be given to a person’s right to privacy. See generally Schaeffer, supra 370 Pa.Super. at 179, 536 A.2d 354 (discussing our authority to diverge from the United States Supreme Court by recognizing a higher level of protection for individual rights under our state constitution). Moreover, the right to privacy under Article I, Section 8, and hence the right to exclude unreasonable government intrusion, encompasses freedom .from disclosure of personal matters. Schaeffer, supra 370 Pa.Super. 179, 536 A.2d 354.
To determine whether a person’s activities fall within the right to privacy, two questions must be answered: (1) whether that person exhibited an expectation of privacy, and (2) whether that expectation is one that society recognizes as reasonable. Commonwealth v. Brion, 539 Pa. 256, 652 A.2d 287 (1994) (citing Blystone, 519 Pa. at 463, 549 A.2d at 87); accord Commonwealth v. Brundidge, 533 Pa. 167, 620 A.2d 1115 (1993).
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that the right to privacy in one’s home is sacrosanct. Brion, 539 Pa. at 256, 652 A.2d at 287. The Court stated in Brion:
If nowhere else, an individual must feel secure in his ability to hold a private conversation within the four walls of his home. For the right to privacy to mean anything, it must *169guarantee privacy to an individual in his own home. As then-Justice Roberts stated in Commonwealth v. Shaw, 476 Pa. 543, 550, 383 A.2d 496, 499 (1978): “Upon closing the door of one’s home to the outside world, a person may legitimately expect the highest degree of privacy known to our society.” An individual has a constitutionally protected right to be secure in his home.
Brion, 539 Pa. at 256, 652 A.2d at 289. Clearly, Reiss had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his home, his apartment, as society, as well as the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, has recognized this expectation as reasonable.
It is also evident that Reiss exhibited an expectation of privacy. Reiss permitted Gefert and Officer Jordan to enter and remain in his apartment based upon his observation of Officer Jordan in plain clothes and Gefert’s misrepresentation that Officer Jordan was Gefert’s cousin. Reiss closed his apartment door to the outside world. Unaware of this deception, Reiss trusted these men and, based upon their misrepresentations, permitted these men to invade the privacy of his home. Reiss then led Gefert and Officer Jordan into the remote privacy of his bedroom so that he could discuss Gefert’s “serious concerns” outside the earshot of his roommate who was in another room of the apartment. These facts show that Reiss exhibited an expectation of privacy.3
Since Reiss had a reasonable expectation of privacy in his apartment, then his constitutional rights were violated under Article I, Section 8 if the search by Officer Jordan proves to be unreasonable. Given the paramount right of privacy in one’s home, as described by our Supreme Court in Brion as well as this court in Schaeffer, and the deceptive practice utilized by the police in this case, I find Officer Jordan’s search of Reiss’ apartment to be unreasonable and, therefore, *170violative of this state’s constitutional prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Let me be the first to recognize that crime in our society today has reached an intolerable level. The problem does not appear to be getting better, only worse. At times it may even seem that the criminal has all the rights, while the helpless victim has none. It is understood that law enforcement needs all the help they can get, especially in today’s, society with the growing numbers of highly advanced, technically trained and ever-evasive criminals. It is, however, critical to properly balance strong, effective result-oriented law enforcement on the one hand, while preserving the constitutionally guaranteed rights of our citizens on the other hand. In the attempt to protect our families and our property we must not erode those fundamentally protected rights which are so important to all of us. The balancing of these competing interests must be carefully executed, for we, the trustees of justice, walk a fine line between strong, effective enforcement of the laws and destroying our citizens constitutional rights. These concerns were stated ever so eloquently by my former colleague Judge Spaeth:
The problem of defining the limits to be set on the use of police deception is one of the most difficult problems of the criminal law. It may well be that certain sorts of criminals cannot be convicted unless the police are permitted to resort to deception. The question is then presented: Is it worth convicting them? For when the police are permitted to resort to deception, there are losses as well as gains. The gains may be considerable — for example, the detection and elimination of a carefully organized traffic in drugs. But the losses may also be considerable. The law of search and seizure is not concerned with protecting the criminal’s right of privacy but the honest citizen’s right. If we are to be able to enjoy liberty and pursue happiness, we must know what part of our world is real and what part is illusion — that our home is our castle, and not a broadcasting center for hidden police transmission devices; that a repairman is a repairman, a business associate a busi*171ness associate, and not a police agent. Permit the police to make our world illusion, and no one, neither criminal nor honest citizen, will be free. Thus in every case involving police deception the court must balance the gains and losses incident to permitting the deception. Given the difficulty and importance of striking the proper balance, the court should bend every effort to decide each case only on its facts, never going further than it must, and never indulging in broad language that may be misunderstood and so encourage unwholesome practices. I have tried to apply these principles in deciding the present case. Doing so, I have concluded that on its facts, the case presents a use of police deception not at all novel, and within the decided cases. Beyond that, I choose not to go.
Commonwealth v. Morrison, 275 Pa.Super. 454, 471, 418 A.2d 1378, 1386-87 (1980) (Spaeth, J., concurring) (emphasis added). Instantly, I believe the police impermissibly crossed this line in the way that they deceived Reiss into permitting Officer Jordan into his home.
It is true that courts of this Commonwealth have held that consent may be valid despite deception as to an officer’s identity and/or motivation in obtaining a person’s consensual relinquishment of privacy interests. Commonwealth v. Markman, 320 Pa.Super. 304, 313, 467 A.2d 336, 341 (1983) (consent may be deemed voluntary even when procured by a police officer who misrepresents both his identity and purpose in making the search); Ginter, supra (same); Commonwealth v. Schaszberger, 285 Pa.Super. 586, 428 A.2d 200 (1981) (same); Morrison, supra 275 Pa.Super. 454, 418 A.2d 1378 (same). However, it is also true that the courts in these cases arrived at their respective decisions through an interpretation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and not by applying Article I, Section 8 to the facts in those cases.4 *172Therefore, these cases are distinguishable from the present case since Article I, Section 8 is to be applied to the facts of this case.
Like the Fourth Amendment, Article I, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution has been interpreted as protecting those areas where one has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Commonwealth v. Kean, 382 Pa.Super. 587, 595, 556 A.2d 374, 378 (1989) (citing Commonwealth v. DeJohn, 486 Pa. 32, 403 A.2d 1283 (1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1032, 100 S.Ct. 704, 62 L.Ed.2d 668 (1980)). Nevertheless, it is well settled that the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pursuant to Article I, Section 8, has constitutional power to guard individual rights, including the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures, more zealously than the federal government does under the United States Constitution. Commonwealth v. Beauford, 327 Pa.Super. 253, 263, 475 A.2d 783, 788 (1984), appeal dismissed, 508 Pa. 319, 496 A.2d 1143 (1985); accord Commonwealth v. Sell, 504 Pa. 46, 63-64, 470 A.2d 457, 466-67 (1983).
In addition, protections of individual privacy against unreasonable searches and seizures under this state’s constitution are more expansive than those afforded under the Fourth Amendment. Commonwealth v. Parker, 422 Pa.Super. 393, 619 A.2d 735 (1993). “[T]he state has the power to impose standards on searches and seizures higher than those required by the Federal Constitution.” DeJohn, 486 Pa. at 43, 403 A.2d at 1288 (quoting Commonwealth v. Harris, 429 Pa. 215, 219 n. 2, 239 A.2d 290, 292 n. 2 (1968)). Thus, the right to privacy, and consequently the right to prevent unreasonable government intrusion, includes freedom from the disclosure of personal matters. Schaeffer, 370 Pa.Super. at 194, 536 A.2d at 361. Significantly, we have stated:
This court, however, is not bound by fourth amendment precedents when construing claims raised under article 1, section 8. The Pennsylvania Constitution provides broader *173coverage than its federal counterpart, and an expectation of privacy which is deemed unreasonable by federal courts may be recognized as legitimate in this jurisdiction.
Kean, 382 Pa.Super. at 595, 556 A.2d at 378 (citing cases).
In addition, it has also been pointed out that while the substance of these provisions is similar, the protections provided by the two constitutions are not identical. Commonwealth v. Mason, 535 Pa. 560, 569, 637 A.2d 251, 256 (1993); Schaeffer, supra. In Schaeffer, we stated:
[0]ur state constitution offers more protection to the right of privacy than exists in the federal regime, and hence it recognizes a greater right of the individual to exclude unreasonable impositions by government on private communications.
Schaeffer, 370 Pa.Super. at 192, 536 A.2d at 360. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Mason expounded upon this notion:
The history of Article I, Section 8, thus indicates that the purpose underlying the exclusionary rule in this Commonwealth is quite distinct from the purpose underlying the exclusionary rule under the 4th Amendment, as articulated by the majority in [United States v.] Leon[, 468 U.S. 897, 104 S.Ct. 3405, 82 L.Ed.2d 677 (1984) ].
The United States Supreme Court in Leon made clear that, in its view, the sole purpose for the exclusionary rule under the 4th Amendment was to deter police misconduct ....
sH ❖ * sH & *
This reinterpretation differs from the way the exclusionary rule has evolved in Pennsylvania ... [as] ... a steady line of case-law has evolved under the Pennsylvania Constitution, making clear that Article I, Section 8 is unshakably linked to a right of privacy in this Commonwealth.
Mason, 535 Pa. at 569-70, 637 A.2d at 256 (quoting Commonwealth v. Edmunds, 526 Pa. 374, 394-98, 586 A.2d 887, 897-98, 899 (1991)).
*174The law of this Commonwealth, therefore, unquestionably permits this court to scrutinize the deceptive police practice utilized in this case more arduously than if we were to examine such practices under the Fourth Amendment. Similarly, I believe we should protect the privacy rights provided by our constitution more zealously than we might under the Fourth Amendment. As a result, I submit that the deception used to enable Officer Jordan to enter Reiss’ apartment crosses over that line from effective law enforcement to dissolution of individual rights.5 We stated this very proposition in Schaeffer, supra 370 Pa.Super. 179, 536 A.2d 354:
[T]he recent trend of decisions in Pennsylvania shows a marked refusal by our courts to accept the United States Supreme Court’s premise that one gives up all constitutional rights to privacy in certain matters merely by disclosing them to selected other persons.
Schaeffer, 370 Pa.Super. at 197, 536 A.2d at 363. For these reasons, I believe that, this time, the police have gone too far. See Morrison, 275 Pa.Super. at 454, 418 A.2d at 1386 (Judge *175Spaeth opining that deception by police would be unconstitutional in a case such as the present one where “an undercover agent enters a suspect’s home under the pretense of conducting lawful business, and during the visit, while within the bounds of the suspect’s invitation to enter the home, observes evidence the suspect had reason to believe would not be observed.”) (Spaeth, J. concurring).
The remedy for an illegal search is to exclude all evidence derived from the illegal search. Gibson, 536 Pa. at 131, 638 A.2d at 206-07. Since Officer Jordan’s search of Reiss’ apartment was unreasonable, and, therefore, illegal under Article I, Section 8 of our constitution, then all evidence derived from this illegal search must be excluded. Gibson, supra 536 Pa. at 131, 638 A.2d 206. I do not accept the contention that Reiss’ subsequent consent eradicates the effect of Officer Jordan’s illegal search.
This court has held that if the deceptive practice is collateral to the consent which was given, then the deceptive practice is permissible. Haynes, 395 Pa.Super. at 337, 577 A.2d at 572. If, however, the deception pertains to the consent itself, then the deceptive practice is not acceptable and the police have exceeded the scope of their authority. See id. In this case, Officer Jordan’s unconstitutional search of Reiss’ apartment preceded Reiss’ consent to Officers Sowerby and Wilson by no more than five minutes. Reiss’ consent, therefore, was tainted by Officer Jordan’s illegal search. Surely, Reiss could surmise that, when Officers Sowerby and Wilson came to his apartment immediately after Officer Jordan’s departure, there was probably some connection between Officers Sowerby and Wilson and the plain-clothed Jordan. Reiss could gather from the circumstances that Officers Sowerby and Wilson came to his apartment after speaking with Officer Jordan. Indeed, the short span of time between Officer Jordan’s exit and the other officers’ entrance probably “forced” Reiss into believing that he had no choice but to consent to the search. I believe that the deception pertained to the consent itself and, consequently, all evidence seized, and all statements made by Reiss, were tainted by the unconstitutional deception. Haynes, supra 395 Pa.Super. 322, 577 A.2d 564; Gibson, supra 536 Pa. at 131, 638 A.2d 206.
*176Accordingly, I would reverse Reiss’ judgment of sentence and remand for a new trial without the use of the seized evidence and Reiss’ statements.
. Gefert informed the police that he had sold one of the stolen computers to Reiss for $1200.00 and that Reiss had been involved in a number of other burglaries and thefts of computer equipment on his own. The only other information that police had at that point which connected Reiss to these crimes was a rumor provided by Gerald Dyke who did not claim to have any personal knowledge as to the rumor he communicated to police.
. Since Reiss has alleged a violation of his constitutional rights under the Pennsylvania Constitution, and not under the Federal Constitution, our analysis of Reiss’ constitutional claim is, therefore, confined to Pennsylvania law. See Commonwealth v. Friedman, 411 Pa.Super. 628, 636 n. 4, 602 A.2d 371, 375 n. 4 (1992).
. It is important to note that Reiss invited these men into his apartment for non-criminal reasons. This is significant because some courts which have held deceptive practices to be permissible have done so where the undercover agent posed as a willing participant in the unlawful transaction. See Commonwealth v. Ginter, 289 Pa.Super. 9, 432 A.2d 1024 (1981)
. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
*172U.S. Const, amend. IV. The fact that this court has not had occasion under our state constitution to assess the limits on the use of police deception was specifically noted in Morrison, supra. Morrison, 275 Pa.Super. at 470 n. 5, 418 A.2d at 1386 n. 5 (Spaeth, J., concurring).
. One cannot help but question whether police deception is proper in a case such as this since this court has held that, where police use deception to execute a valid search warrant in order to gain access to a person’s home, such deception is permissible to initiate execution of a search warrant only where it is followed by an announcement of authority and purpose and by peaceful entry. Commonwealth v. Ceriani, 411 Pa.Super. 96, 105, 600 A.2d 1282, 1286 (1991), appeal denied, 532 Pa. 641, 614 A.2d 1138 (1992) (holding police violated "knock and announce” rule when executing warrant when officers staged automobile accident in front of residence, knocked on front door and ran past child who answered the door while simultaneously announcing their identity and purpose); see also Commonwealth v. Kitchener, 351 Pa.Super. 613, 506 A.2d 941 (1986) (holding that, absent exigent circumstances, a police officer executing a warrant must give notice of identity and announce his purpose prior to entering a private residence); Commonwealth v. Riccardi, 220 Pa.Super. 72, 283 A.2d 719 (1971) (finding that suspect's rights were violated where police did not give notice of their identity and announce that they were in possession of a warrant but gained entrance to suspect’s apartment as a result of a ruse sending maintenance man to door).
It seems strange that a person would have fewer rights, and less protection against police deception, where the police did not have a warrant, as opposed to when the police did have a warrant and a detached magistrate had already authorized the police's admission into the person's home.