The question is whether, pursuant to K.R.S. 403.220, a trial court may award an attorney’s fee to an attorney who represented the wife pro bono publico in a divorce action.
K.R.S. 403.220 provides:
“The court from time to time after considering the financial resources of both parties may order a party to pay a reasonable amount for the cost to the other party of maintaining or defending any proceeding under this chapter and for attorney’s fees, including sums for legal services rendered and costs incurred pri- or to the commencement of the proceeding or after entry of judgment. The court may order that the amount be paid directly to the attorney, who may enforce the order in his name.”
It is stipulated that the wife, Julie Ann Hale, at all times relevant herein, was unemployed, received welfare assistance in the form of Aid For Dependent Children benefits for a minor child, resided at government owned or subsidized housing, and received food stamps and medicaid benefits.
Attorney Richard Born agreed to represent her without charge in a divorce action and in a post-judgment proceeding for clarification of the judgment as it related to division of a small amount of personal property consisting largely of household furniture. On motion of attorney Born, the trial court allowed him an attorney fee pursuant to K.R.S. 403.220. It is stipulated that at all times a financial imbalance existed between Julie Hale and her husband Ernest Hale, and no objection is raised concerning the amount of the fee.
On appeal, the Court of Appeals held, as a matter of law, that K.R.S. 403.220 does not authorize the allowance of an attorney fee to counsel serving pro bono and reversed the orders of the trial court which *629allowed the fee. We granted discretionary review.
The contention of the respondent is that K.R.S. 403.220 is solely for the benefit of the client and not the attorney; that its purpose is simply to permit recovery of a part or all of the expenses incurred in a divorce case by a party suffering from an unfavorable financial imbalance. Respondent contends that since the services were performed by attorney Bom pro bono, the wife has not incurred any expense for attorney’s fee, and consequently she is not entitled to recover any amount therefor.
Respondent relies upon Sullivan v. Levin, Ky., 555 S.W.2d 261 (1977), in which the parties in a divorce action had reconciled, and the court allowed the attorney for the wife a fee against the husband and wife jointly. This court reversed the allowance insofar as it went against the wife on the ground that the court did not have authority to allow an attorney in a divorce case a fee against his own client.
Further, this court reversed the allowance of the fee against the husband because the record did not indicate any financial imbalance in the positions of the parties as required by K.R.S. 403.220 for the allowance of a fee. In the opinion this court also said:
“It is readily apparent that the authority of the court to order the payment of an attorney’s fee in a divorce action does not exist for the protection of the attorney, but is strictly for the benefit of the client.
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“We reiterate, the right to have a fee assessed against the other party belongs exclusively to the client. It is not a choice that may be exercised by counsel himself.”
In Sullivan v. Levin, supra, the parties had reconciled, and the wife as well as the husband objected to the allowance of a fee to her attorney. In this case, there is no objection by the wife to the allowance of a fee against her former husband.
The original authority for the allowance of attorneys’ fees in divorce cases was enacted by Chapter 49, § 17 of the Acts of the Kentucky General Assembly of 1891-93. It was continued in force until 1972, by codification as § 900 of the Kentucky statutes until it was renumbered as K.R.S. 453.120. It provided:
“In actions for alimony and divorce the husband shall pay the costs of each party unless it appears in the action that the wife is in fault and has ample estate to pay her costs.”
Under this statute an attorney fee was allowed for the wife’s attorney as part of the court costs. Sometimes this fee was allowed to the attorney for the wife by name and sometimes it was allowed to the wife to be taxed as costs.
This court has uniformily held that any question concerning the fee of counsel directed to be paid to counsel by name pursuant to K.R.S. 453.120 cannot be reviewed unless the attorney to whom the specific allowance was granted is made a party to the appeal. McDowell v. McDowell, Ky., 378 S.W.2d 814 (1964); Flood v. Flood, 302 Ky. 167, 194 S.W.2d 166 (1946).
In Tyler v. Bryant, Ky., 394 S.W.2d 454 (1965), an attorney’s fee was not awarded to the attorney by name but was awarded to the wife and ordered to be included as an item of court costs. After recognizing a distinction between a fee allowed to an attorney by name and a fee allowed to the wife to be taxed as costs, this court held:
“We conclude the attorney should be made a party in either instance. Although the fee for the services performed was not adjudged to be paid directly to him; nevertheless, the award was made for his benefit, with the result that he is the real party in interest as regards the allowance.
“We therefore are adopting the rule in all future appeals to this Court wherein the fee is made to the wife instead of to the attorney, the latter will be deemed a necessary party.”
Id. at 455.
It is apparent, then, that although the allowance of an attorney’s fee was an element of costs under K.R.S. 453.120, the allowance to an attorney by name, or to the *630wife to be taxed as cost, was an allowance for the benefit of the attorney, and he was the real party in interest in any contest of fee on appeal and was a necessary party to the appeal.
K.R.S. 453.120 was repealed in 1972, and in its place we now have K.R.S. 403.220, which provides for the payment by one party of the reasonable costs of the other party and for attorneys’ fees. This statute does not include the allowance of an attorney’s fee as an element of cost of the auction, nor does it refer to the allowance of attorneys’ fees as an allowance to one of the parties to the action. It specifically provides that the court may order that the amount allowed be paid directly to the attorney who may enforce the order in his name.
We think that representation of a client “pro bono” can fairly be said to be representation of the client without charge to the client. There are many instances, divorce cases being among them, in which the attorney for one party is entitled, under certain circumstances, to an allowance of a fee from the adverse party.
It seems to be settled that nonprofit and legal aid society attorneys who, as a matter of course, represent their indigent clients without fee are permitted, nevertheless, to recover a fee for their services from other sources when authorized by law. Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 104 S.Ct. 1541, 79 L.Ed.2d 891 (1984). The recovery of a fee in such cases goes to the treasury of the organization and allows it to expand its services to the needy.
We see no sufficient reason to deny the allowance of such fees to private attorneys. See, Save Our Cumberland Mountains, Inc. v. Hodel, 857 F.2d 1516 (D.C.Cir.1988). The provision of legal services to the poor and indigent is to be encouraged as a matter of public policy. As a matter of economics most private attorneys can devote only a percentage of their time to needy persons without any prospect of remuneration. The allowance of fees in cases such as this will make it feasible for competent attorneys to represent, free of charge to their client, a needy or indigent person who otherwise would find it difficult, if not impossible, to obtain representation in legal matters.
In our view, K.R.S. 403.220, which authorizes the court in certain divorce cases to order one party to pay a reasonable amount for attorney’s fees of the other party, is broad enough to authorize the payment of a fee to an attorney who has accepted representation of an indigent client under an express agreement that he would not charge his client any fee for his services.
The decision of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
All concur.
LEIBSON, J., concurs by a separate concurring opinion in which STEPHENS, C.J., and GANT and LAMBERT, JJ., join.