Raney v. Gunn

Grieein Smith, Chief Justice.

Plaintiffs and defendants each own eighty acres, forty having a common boundary. A road, constructed over half a century ago, entered defendants’ property from a country road on defendants’ southboundary describing an arc across defendants’ property and passing a dwelling on plaintiffs’ land.

In August, 1951, defendants closed gates on the road and attempted to extinguish it. Plaintiffs sought injunctive relief as members of the public entitled to benefits of prescriptive right to the road. The Chancellor denied the petition, finding that the public had abandoned.

Appellants contend that Act 666, 1923, (Ark. Stat’s 37-109, 110) prevents private control or possession of a public thoroughfare from ripening into title.

Witnesses testified that the road had been in public use prior to 1926, for an indeterminate period. At that time defendants’ property was owned by a predecessor.

There was evidence that the road was laid out more than 62 years ago, and that it was formerly used as a mail route.

In 1928 two gates were erected on the portion of the road crossing defendants’ land. These were maintained by defendants or their predecessors. The wife of a former owner, — an owner who erected the gates — testified that they were built to exclude stock from a pasture. Plaintiff likewise testified that the gates were used for the purpose of keeping cattle and stock from “mixing up.”

There is no dispute that the gates have been maintained since 1928 and that they restricted the hitherto permissive right of the public to use the road. The question is whether Act 666 made it legally impossible for the prescriptive right to be lost by abandonment.

Our decisions adhere to the view that such rights can be lost by non-use, and that the owner of the fee may reenter and acquire the fee after lapse of the statutory period for adverse possession. Whether this rule is changed, in circumstances here present, by Act 666, is the issue. This Act has not been construed.

Appellant argues that abandonment, if present here, resulted in nothing but adverse possession by defendants, which under Act 666 could not effect a reinvestiture of title.

It should be noted that Act 666 prevents acquisition of title to a public thoroughfare by adverse occupancy. Being in derogation of the common-law rule, a strict construction is required. Applying this exactitude of construction, we are not able to say it was the intention of the General Assembly to prevent title to an abandoned thoroughfare, created by prescription, from reverting to the owner of the fee after lapse of the statutory period.

The public’s use of this road was based on its passage over the property, not by dedication through a governmental or quasi-governmental agency. When the landowner restricted such use by erecting gates- in 1928 and maintaining them subsequently, members of the general public ceased to use the road. This constituted an abandonment. Appellees’ rights were not dependent upon affirmatively establishing adverse possession. Instead, appellants had the burden of proving that a prescriptive right to use the road still existed, and they failed.

Appellants urge that presence of the gates was not evidence of public abandonment, but was rather an invitation to the public to use the road with an implied understanding that the gates would be closed.

After the gates were erected public use of the road became permissive. Prescription ceased and no move was made to preserve it. Acquiescence became abandonment and the public right expired.

Affirmed.