George v. Gander

Larson, J.

I respectfully dissent. The majority holds that a failure to have a petition on file at the time stated in the original notice is sufficient cause to require a dismissal, on the merits, of his action under rule 55 of the Iowa Rules of Civil Procedure. I do not agree.

This troublesome question is not one of recent origin. The problem arose in the Cade of 1851, section 1716, the predecessor of rule 55, which provided: “If the petition is not filed by the time thus fixed, or if not filed ten days before the first day of the next term, the action will be deemed discontinued, unless good cause be shown for the failure.” Under this Code a party *281was allowed to show good cause why his petition was not timely, and, if the court found good cause existed, his action would not be dismissed. McCaffree v. Guesford, 1 (Cole) Iowa 80; Cheever v. Lane, 3 (Cole) Iowa 296; Sweet v. Porter, 12 (Cole) Iowa 387.

Apparently, due to court holdings that this section related to jurisdiction, the 1860 revision, section 2813, the good cause portion of the corresponding section of the Code of 1851 was deleted as unnecessary. The provision then read as follows: “If the petition is not filed by the date thus fixed, and ten days before the term, the action will be deemed discontinued.” Being then considered only a jurisdictional matter, this good cause phrase was never restored in the statute or in its successor, rule 55, R. C. P.

The case of Hudson v. Blanfus, 22 Iowa 323, was the first case that dealt with this particular problem under the deleted-language. In that case the petition was not timely filed as required by the statute. The court there discussed the applicable provisions of the 1860 Code and noted that, since the legislature deleted “unless good cause be shown for the failure”, it had intended that the action be discontinued whether good cause was shown or not. However, the court stated that if a party did not timely file -his petition, he may again begin his action without prejudice from the discontinuance of the first action. The dismissal in Blanfus was based on jurisdictional grounds for noncompliance with provisions stated in the original notice. Even if the dismissal was without prejudice,, the only remaining problem was that of the Statute of Limitations. This has been the constant interpretation of the rule until the recent case of Credit Industrial Corp. v. Miller, 255 Iowa 1022, 125 N.W.2d 142. Although we have indicated no sympathy for a late or negligent filing by plaintiff, the court in Blanfus foresaw the problem under rule 55 and tried to avoid a final determination by stating that if good cause could be shown why the petition was not on file and the plaintiff was not negligent in its prosecution, the second action would- be deemed a continuation of the first.- It cited section 2749 of the Code of 1860 for this authority, which is a predecessor of section 614.10 of the Code of 1966.

*282Examination of the later eases of Cibula v. Pitt’s Sons’ Manufacturing Co., 48 Iowa 528; Brown v. Mallory, 26 Iowa 469; Hildreth v. Harney, 62 Iowa 420, 17 N.W. 584; Conley v. Dugan, 105 Iowa 205, 74 N.W. 774; Paddleford v. Cook, 74 Iowa 433, 38 N.W. 137; Read v. Rousch, 189 Iowa 695, 179 N.W. 84; Sioux County v. Kosters, 194 Iowa 1300, 191 N.W. 315; and Morgan v. Small, 33 Iowa 118, indicates no rejection of the rationale in Blanfus. The majority believes Conley v. Dugan and Read v. Rousch, both supra, stand for the proposition that R. C. P. 55 and its predecessors require a mandatory dismissal. I do not so read them. In Conley v. Dugan, supra, plaintiff failed to mail his petition until just before the date stated on the original notice. When a delay in the mails caused it to be filed two days after the date stated on the original notice, the court sustained defendant’s motion’ under section 2600 of the Code of 1873, now R. C. P. 55, but premised the affirmance of this dismissal upon the negligence of the plaintiff in the prosecution of his action under section 2537 of the Code of 1873, now 614.10 of the Code of 1966, and did not pass on the’ question of whether section 2611 of the Code of 1873 was mandatory. The plaintiff attempted to get back into court under section 2537, which in substance provides that if the plaintiff fails in his action through any cause except negligence, in its prosecution, a new suit, if brought within six months, shall be deemed a continuation of the first. From this holding, it would appear that notwithstanding the previous dismissal under section 2600, except for plaintiff’s negligence he would have been entitled to continue his action, and a dismissal on the merits was not proper under section 2600.

In Read v. Rousch, supra, the plaintiff did not comply with the time stated in the original notice and his petition was not timely filed. The trial court sustained defendant’s’motion to dismiss under section 3515 of the Code Supplement of 1913, another predecessor of R. C. P. 55. Even though the court said that the defendant was entitled to have the action dismissed under this section, it did not hold that a dismissal under this section was mandatory upon the merits.

*283The majority also cites Sioux County v. Kosters, supra, wherein the court did state that the language of section 3515 of the Code Supplement of 1913 “is imperative and mandatory.” In any event, even though the language of R. C. P. 55 is considered mandatory, none of the cases cited by the majority, nor other cases examined by me until the Credit Industrial Corp. case in 1963, has held that the dismissal was upon the merits.

In considering rule 55, R. C. P., Alan Loth, in 29 Iowa Law Review 35, 46, stated: “The dismissal for failure to file a petition (Rule 55) probably is without prejudice; it is not for failure to comply with any Rule, but only for noncompliance with the original notice; and is in the nature of dismissal for want of jurisdiction.”

Due to an unsupported statement in Credit Industrial Corp. v. Miller, supra, it is necessary to reconsider the intent and purpose of rule 55. That case appears to establish for the first time that (1) a dismissal under rule 55 is not on jurisdictional grounds but is a mandatory statutory right, and (2) since the dismissal is not jurisdictional, it will be an adjudication upon the merits unless otherwise specified. In reaching its determination as to (1) above, the court reasoned that since it had been established by the cases that a dismissal under R. C. P. 55 was mandatory and granted by statute, it did not go to a question of jurisdiction and thus was to be raised by general appearance. The court, in reaching its conclusion as to (2) above, reasoned that when R. C. P. 55 is read together with R. C. P. 217, which states: “All dismissals not governed by rule 215 or not for want of jurisdiction or improper venue, shall operate as adjudications on the merits unless they specify otherwise”, a dismissal on the merits is required. If that is true, I believe that Credit Industrial should be overruled, but I do not believe rule 217 does automatically operate as an adjudication upon the merits. It states a dismissal shall operate as an adjudication on the merits unless the dismissal specifies otherwise. This clause clearly gives the court discretion in matters such as the one in the case at bar to recognize exceptions to this rule. I feel that failure to file a timely *284petition not due to the negligence of the plaintiff was meant and intended to be one of these exceptions.

Section 684.18 of the Code of 1966 states: “The Supreme court shall have the power to prescribe all rules of pleading, practice and procedure, and the forms of process, writs and notices, for all proceedings of a civil nature in all courts of this state, for the purpose of simplifying the same, and of promoting the speedy determination of litigation upon its merits.” (Emphasis added.) This admonishment should be observed.

All the Rules of Civil Procedure should be read with the above in mind. The pertinent portion of rule 55 states: “If the petition is not filed as stated in the original notice served, any defendant may have the case dismissed as to him, without notice, at plaintiff’s cost * * (Emphasis added.) The history of this rule amply points out that it was not intended to preclude a plaintiff from recommencing his action if the statute of limitations had not run when he originally commenced his action as long as the plaintiff was not negligent in the prosecution of his original action. The interpretation placed on this rule by the majority, I feel, would not only be unduly harsh and unfair, but would also tend to frustrate the purpose of these rules.

Apparently the majority feels the result reached under the strict interpretation of this rule is wrong, but it seems to believe the only way to correct it is by changing the rule to provide reinstatement for good cause. I do not believe this is necessary or just as to this litigant. I do not agree that the dismissal on the merits under rule 217 is automatic and a necessary result. I would hold a dismissal under rules 55 and 217 is without prejudice and the plaintiff is entitled to get back into court, provided that he can comply with the provisions of 614.10 of the 1966 Code.

In any event, rule 55 should not result in dismissal of a petition where failure to file the petition has been cured by actual filing before defendant’s request for dismissal is brought to the attention of the court.

There is a close analogy between this situation and defaults for want of pleading. In fact, this is a dismissal for want of filing a pleading. Where plaintiff seeks a default for want of pleading, he comes too late if the motion or pleading has been *285filed (thus curing the defect) before the default is entered. Pedersen v. Thorn, 258 Iowa 250, 137 N.W.2d 588. See also Thews v. Miller, 255 Iowa 175, 121 N.W.2d 518. Such interpretation would be entirely consistent with the previously-suggested purposes of rule 55. The only possible prejudice to the defendant from such an interpretation is the loss of an advantage that is inherently unfair and unjust where the omission has been timely cured.

Becker, J., joins in this dissent.