Hykonnen v. Baker Hughes Business Support Services

MAJORITY OPINION

LESLIE BROCK YATES, Justice.

This is an attempted appeal from a judgment signed May 17, 2002. Appellant filed a timely motion for new trial on June 17, 2002. Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed August 30, 2002, more than ninety *563days after the judgment was signed. See Tex.R.App. P. 26.1(a). Appellant filed a motion to extend time to file the notice of appeal contemporaneously with the notice of appeal.

When the appellant has filed a timely motion for new trial, motion to modify the judgment, motion to reinstate, or request for findings of fact and conclusion of law, the notice of appeal must be filed within ninety days after the date the judgment is signed. See Tex.R.App. P. 26.1(a). Appellant’s notice of appeal was not filed timely; however, a motion for extension of time is necessarily implied when an appellant, acting in good faith, files a notice of appeal beyond the time allowed by rule 26.1, but within the fifteen-day grace period provided by rule 26.3 for filing a motion for extension of time. See Verburgt v. Dorner, 959 S.W.2d 615, 617-19 (Tex.1997) (construing predecessor to rule 26). Even if the notice of appeal is filed within the fifteen-day grace period, the appellant must offer a reasonable explanation for failing to file the notice of appeal in a timely manner. See Tex.R.App. P. 26.3, 10.5(b)(1)(C); Verburgt, 959 S.W.2d at 617-18. Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed within the fifteen-day period provided by rule 26.3, and appellant filed a timely motion to extend time to file the notice of appeal. These two things alone, however, are not sufficient to entitle appellant to an extension. Pursuant to rules 26.3 and 10.5(b), appellant must also reasonably explain the need for the extension. See Jones v. City of Houston, 976 S.W.2d 676, 677 (Tex.1998) (holding that under Ver-burgt, if appellant can reasonably explain need for extension after filing within the fifteen-day period, he should be entitled to prosecute appeal).

In his motion, appellant states that his trial attorney, who represented him at no charge in the proceedings below, was not willing to handle the appeal. Appellant claims he did not have the funds to hire another attorney and was unable to obtain alternate counsel. After further conversations, appellant’s counsel agreed to represent appellant on appeal and to charge him only for out-of-pocket expenses and court costs. In essence, appellant contends the notice of appeal was untimely because he did not have funds to hire an attorney at the time the notice was due.

In response to the motion to extend time to file the notice of appeal, appellee filed a motion to dismiss the appeal. In its motion, appellee argues appellant’s motion does not provide a reasonable explanation, and therefore, the appeal should be dismissed. We agree.

A reasonable explanation means any plausible statement of circumstances indicating that the failure to file within the required time period was not deliberate or intentional, but was the result of inadvertence, mistake, or mischance. Garcia v. Kastner Farms, Inc., 774 S.W.2d 668, 669 (Tex.1989). Any conduct short of deliberate or intentional noncompliance qualifies as inadvertence, mistake or mischance— even if that conduct can be characterized as professional negligence. Id. at 670.

In this case, appellant does not contend that he did not know the deadline for filing the notice of appeal; rather, he deliberately failed to file the notice until he found an attorney to represent him on appeal at little or no cost. Appellant had other options available in seeking to appeal the trial court’s judgment besides a delay in filing the notice of appeal. Appellant could have filed a timely pro se notice of appeal accompanied by an affidavit of indigence. See Tex.R.Afp. P. 20.1. Or, appellant simply could have filed a timely pro se notice of appeal and continued pursuing the appeal on his own until he could find an *564attorney willing to represent him at a reduced fee. If necessary, appellant could have sought extensions of time in the appellate court for filing the record and other documents. See Tex.R.App. P. 35.3(c). If appellant could not find an attorney, he could have prosecuted the appeal on his own behalf.

Given these options, appellant’s decision to ignore the deadline for filing the notice of appeal until he could secure representation is not a reasonable explanation for failing to file the notice of appeal as required by the rules of appellate procedure. Our holding is in accord with other decisions by the appellate courts regarding an appellant’s deliberate decision to delay in filing a notice of appeal.1 In Weik v. Second Baptist Church of Houston, 988 S.W.2d 437, 439 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied), appellant’s explanation for failing to timely file the notice of appeal was based on advice from his attorney. The attorney told the appellant that if he appealed while the trial court still had authority to reinstate the case and it did reinstate the case, the appellant would have a difficult time prosecuting his claim because of the trial court’s displeasure. Id. The attorney agreed to file the motion only after the trial court’s plenary power expired. Id. The First Court of Appeals held this showed an intentional decision by the appellant to delay filing. Id. Accordingly, the court dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction. Id.

Similarly, in Rodman v. State, 47 S.W.3d 545, 548 (Tex.App.-Amarillo 2000, no pet.), the court of appeals found the appellant’s excuse was not reasonable when, after the State disclosed its intent to indict the appellant for other crimes after expiration of the time for giving notice of appeal, the appellant decided to appeal and preserve his eligibility for probation in the upcoming trials. Id. The court found this demonstrated the appellant’s intentional, deliberate decision not to file a notice of appeal within the time frame required by the rules. Id.

In neither of these cases did the appellants allege they were unaware of the deadline; rather, they each made a conscious decision to pursue strategies other than timely filing the notice of appeal. The same is true in the case before us: appellant did not aver he was unaware of the deadline for filing his notice — he consciously decided to continue to seek free or low cost representation rather than file a timely notice of appeal on his own behalf. Having found appellant’s explanation unreasonable under the supreme court’s definition in Garcia, we deny appellant’s motion to extend time to file the notice of appeal and grant appellee’s motion to dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction.

Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed.

ANDERSON, J., dissenting.

. We recognize our decision is in conflict with the holding by the First Court of Appeals in Smith v. Houston Lighting & Power Co., 1 S.W.3d 287 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, no pet.). In Smith, the court held that the appellant’s inability to obtain funds to hire appellate counsel was a reasonable explanation for failing to timely file the notice of appeal. Id. at 289. However, in that case, the court seemed to focus on the appellant’s diligence in seeking appellate counsel and the fact that once he did, the notice of appeal was filed a mere two days after the filing deadline. Id. Here, evidence of appellant's diligence in securing appellate counsel is lacking and the notice of appeal was filed fifteen days after the due date, the last possible day upon which the notice could have been filed.