(dissenting). In my view, the court’s reversal of the trial judge’s allowance of the sellers’ motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict as to the broker’s claim for real estate commissions is wrong. It is also my view that the court’s reversal of the conditional allowance of the sellers’ motion for a new trial is wrong, and it is my further view *132that the flaws in the court’s reasoning on both issues are serious and they are numerous.
1. Judgment notwithstanding the verdict. In Turnpike Motors, Inc. v. Newbury Group, Inc., 403 Mass. 291, 295-296 (1988) (Turnpike Motors I), the court said: “We come then to the broker’s claim that the sellers should be estopped to deny the broker’s right to recover a full commission. The broker’s claim is based on its assertion that, when it told a representative of the sellers that it was not a real estate broker, the sellers’ representative answered that the absence of a license would not be a problem. The broker claims that the sellers agreed that the sales of the two businesses would be in the form of sales of corporate stock. It further claims that it easily could have obtained, as it now has, a real estate broker’s license if it had known one would be needed and that the sellers restructured the sales as sales of assets rather than of stock for the purpose of defeating the broker’s commissions.” (Emphasis added.)
The court continued: “If the facts are as the broker claims, the sellers would be estopped to deny the broker a full commission. There is, of course, the question whether the broker reasonably relied on the sellers’ representations. See O’Blenes v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Lynn, 397 Mass. 555, 558 (1986), and cases cited.” (Emphasis added.) Id. at 296. Now, in the present appeal (Turnpike Motors II), the court says, “In Turnpike Motors I, supra at 296, we discussed four facts alleged in the broker’s pleadings, and we stated that, if these facts were true, the sellers would be estopped to deny the broker full commissions. Both the judge and the sellers, as well as the dissent in this appeal, have taken that discussion to mean that Turnpike Motors I holds that the sellers can only be estopped to deny the broker full commissions if the broker is able to prove that these four specific facts are true. Our conclusion in Turnpike Motors I, however, that certain of the facts alleged by the broker, if true, would lead to an estoppel, does not prevent the broker from making its case based on other facts alleged within the pleadings, nor does it necessarily require that proof of each of these specific *133facts is a threshold step that the broker must climb in order to prove its case.” Ante at 122-123. It should surprise no one that, at the trial following Turnpike Motors /, the trial judge and the sellers, and indeed the broker, too, took the quoted discussion in Turnpike Motors I to mean that the four facts, which this court identified as the only facts on which the broker based its claim, were essential to the broker’s case. As the quoted passage states, “[t]he broker’s claim is based on its assertion” of those four facts, including the assertion that “it [the broker] easily could have obtained, as it now has, a real estate broker’s license if it had known one would be needed.” Indeed, in so characterizing the broker’s claim, the court not only had the broker’s pleadings before it, but had the broker’s appellate brief before it as well. In that document, the broker argued: “The Sellers should not be allowed to trick the Broker into failing to get its broker’s license (something it could have done easily . . .) and then assert that they can refuse to pay the agreed commissions because the Broker is not a licensed real estate broker.”
It is most unfair for the court now, after trial, effectively to amend the law of the case that it established in Turnpike Motors /, on which the judge and the parties properly relied. It is unfair for the court now to declare for the first time that the broker really did not have any burden to prove that it forwent obtaining a real estate broker’s license in reliance on the sellers’ representations, as it alleged, and, instead, only had to prove that it produced buyers as a result of the sellers’ representations. It is beyond reasonable question that the judge’s conduct of the trial and the parties’ trial strategies were dictated to a large degree by the court’s clear statement in Turnpike Motors I that, to make out estoppel, the broker would have to prevail on the four identified questions. Indeed, the briefs in the present appeal do not even address the question whether the evidence would warrant the jury in finding that the sellers’ representations to the broker induced the broker to procure buyers for the sellers. Such a distortion of the issue defined by the pleadings and by Turnpike Mo*134tors I, and on which the trial focused, cannot be the right way to do judicial business.
Unfairness in the form just mentioned is not the only problem, however. Even if, somewhere in the record, the court could point to a shred of evidence that the sellers’ representations about the lack of need for a real estate broker’s license induced the broker to produce buyers, which the court cannot do because there is no such evidence,1 that evidence, if believed, would not result in the sellers’ being estopped under heretofore declared estoppel principles from relying on G. L. c. 112, § 87RR, to deny the broker an agreed commission. The court has said that “[i]n order to work an estoppel it must appear that one has been induced by the conduct of another to do something different from what otherwise would have been done and which has resulted to his harm and that the other knew or had reasonable cause to know that such consequence might follow” (emphasis added). O’Bienes v. Zoning Bd. of Appeals of Lynn, supra at 558, quoting Boston & A.R.R. v. Reardon, 226 Mass. 286, 291 (1917). If, as the court says, the evidence would have warranted a finding that the sellers’ representation about the form the contemplated sales would take and about a resulting lack of need for a broker’s license induced the broker to produce buyers for the automobile dealerships, traditional estoppel principles would require that, for estoppel to obtain, the broker also would have to show that the broker was harmed by the induced conduct, namely the production of buyers. How was the broker harmed by producing buyers? The broker’s claim is that it was harmed by not receiving substantial real estate commissions, not by the fact that it produced buyers. The court tells us that “the broker suffered detriment from its uncompensated, but successful, efforts on behalf of the sellers.” Ante at 124. If the court is relying on the broker’s fail*135ure to be paid as the detriment needed for estoppel, the court should explain how the failure to be paid was due to the broker’s production of buyers rather than the broker’s failure to obtain the licensing required by G. L. c. 112, § 87RR. It is no mere happenstance that the broker’s claim has always been that the broker reasonably relied on the sellers’ representations and, as a result, did not obtain a real estate broker’s license which it easily could have obtainedIf those facts had been proved, which, as I shall show, they were not, then and only then would the broker have shown that the sellers’ representations induced the broker to refrain from taking steps necessary to entitle it to the agreed real estate commissions. Only by proving those facts could the broker have demonstrated the detrimental reliance required for estoppel.
The court states that the evidence “would support the jury’s conclusion that Looney’s representations to the broker induced the broker to procure buyers for the sellers” (emphasis added). Ante at 124. As I have said, there was no such evidence, but, even if there were, it is clear that the jury did not conclude that Looney’s representations induced the broker to procure buyers for the sellers. The judge’s relevant jury instructions were as follows:
“Now what do we mean by estoppel ... ‘it must appear that one has been induced by the conduct of another to do something different from what otherwise would have been done, and which has resulted to his harm, and that the other knew or had reasonable cause to know that such consequence might follow.’. . . [T]he reliance of the party seeking the benefit of estoppel must have been reasonable. . . . That would mean that the Newbury Group would have to establish more probably than not that it was induced by the conduct of Eugene Looney ... to do something different from what it otherwise would have done, and that has resulted in Newbury’s harm and that Eugene Looney knew or had reasonable cause to know that such consequences might *136follow. . . . [Y]ou will have to determine whether or not Looney . . . said that the absence of a license would not be a problem . . . agreed that the sale of the two businesses would be in the form of sales of corporate stock . . . [b]ecause corporate stock would be a sale of the business without involving separate sales of real estate . . . that conduct or statements allegedly made by Eugene Looney ... led the Newbury interest to do something other than they would have done; namely, to obtain a real estate broker’s license, if they were acting in what courts refer to as reasonable reliance on the representations allegedly made by Mr. Looney.” (Citation omitted; emphasis added.)
As the court has frequently said, juries will be presumed to have followed judges’ instructions. O’Connor v. Raymark Indus., 401 Mass. 586, 590 (1988), and cases cited. Here, there is nothing in the judge’s instructions that would authorize the jury to consider whether Looney’s representations to the broker induced the broker to procure buyers for the sellers. Rather, the jury were told that their task was to determine whether the sellers’ representations, through Looney, to the broker induced the broker not to do what the broker otherwise would have done, namely, obtain a real estate broker’s license.
The question, then, that the court should have addressed in reviewing the judge’s allowance of the sellers’ motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict is whether the broker produced evidence at the trial that it was reasonably induced by the sellers’ representations to forgo obtaining a real estate broker’s license. The judge ruled that the broker failed to meet its burden of production of evidence, and in my view he was correct.
As the court recognizes, ante at 121, the question is whether “anywhere in the evidence, from whatever source derived, any combination of the circumstances could be found from which a reasonable inference could be drawn in favor of the [broker].” Dobos v. Driscoll, 404 Mass. 634, *137656, cert, denied sub nom. Kehoe v. Dobos, 493 U.S. 850 (1989), quoting Poirier v. Plymouth, 374 Mass. 206, 212 (1978). I shall set forth the relevant evidence with that standard in mind. David Hackett owned all the stock in Newbury Group, Inc., whose business before September, 1983, was “mainly the employment agency business,” and he was its sole employee. One day Hackett went to see “someone” about “getting a car” and that person told him that he had a brother who might be looking for an automobile dealership. As a result, Hackett called Eugene Looney, who was the president of Turnpike Motors, Inc., and asked him if he would be interested in selling his dealership. Looney said he would be. Hackett told Looney that he was not a real estate broker, but that he would like to sell Looney’s business.
Hackett testified that two or three days later he met with Looney and he brought to that meeting “a simple agreement that said [he] would get... 10 percent of the proceeds of the business, of all the monies.” He testified that Looney said Hackett would have to talk with Attorney Gary Widett about it. According to the evidence, Mr. Widett was the sellers’ attorney. Hackett testified that he later told Mr. Widett in Looney’s presence that he would want ten per cent commissions on the possible sale of the businesses owned by Turnpike Motors, Inc. and Gene’s Foreign Car Service, Inc. Mr. Widett answered that a ten per cent commission was “ridiculous.” According to Hackett’s testimony, “Widett was not very cooperative.”
Hackett also testified that on September 22, 1983, he was at the Boston Mazda dealership owned by Turnpike Motors, Inc., and from there he spoke with Mr. Widett on the telephone. He then and there typed two agreements reflecting terms that he and Mr. Widett had discussed, and he, the two Ryans (plaintiff sellers), and Looney signed them. One agreement was between Newbury Group, Inc., and Turnpike Motors, Inc., doing business as Boston Mazda (seller). Dated September 22, 1983, it provided in relevant part, “Newbury Group, Inc. shall be owed one hundred eighty thousand dollars ($180,000) even if the sales price of said corporation is *138sold for less than one million eight hundred thousand dollars. If the sales price is more than one million eight hundred thousand dollars, Newbury Group, Inc. will be owed ten percent of the difference between one million eight hundred thousand dollars and the actual sales price. ... It is understood that the assets of the corporation will include all the real estate at 201 Cambridge Street, the entire parts inventory, equipment, and office furnishings. . . The other agreement, also dated September 22, 1983, was between Newbury Group, Inc., and Gene’s Foreign Car Service, Inc. (seller). Its material provisions were as follows: “Newbury Group, Inc. shall be owed one hundred fifty thousand dollars ($150,000) even if the sales price of said corporation is sold for less than one million five hundred thousand dollars. If the sales price is more than one million five hundred thousand dollars, Newbury Group, Inc. will be owed ten percent of the difference between one million five hundred thousand dollars and the actual sales price. ... It is understood that the assets of the corporation will include all the real estate at 1280 Cambridge Street, the entire parts inventory, equipment, and office furnishings. ...”
Asked whether Hackett and Looney had a discussion prior to September 22, 1983, about how the companies would be sold, Hackett answered that they had. Hackett was then asked, “What did he say?” and Hackett answered, “That since I wasn’t a broker we have to structure the deal as a sale of assets.” At that point, the court took a recess. Following the recess, Hackett returned to the witness stand and said that he wished to change his testimony about what Looney had said to him. When again asked what Looney had said about how the sale would be structured, Hackett answered, “If we structured the sale as a sale of stock we could — that would allow me to sell the business not as a real estate agent, but it would still be legal.”
On cross-examination of Hackett, the following questions were asked and answers given:
Q.\ “Now you testified on direct examination that you knew the assets of the corporation were being sold. Correct?”
*139A.: “The stock, yes. I thought it was the same thing. But I remembered they said they wanted to sell the stock of the corporation.”
Q.: “You testified under oath in your deposition that you knew the assets were being sold, didn’t you?”
A.: “I thought it was the same thing that they said was stock. However the agreement is written up, okay. Just however the agreement is written up. Mr. Widett, he’s the one who was the engineer.”
“You said he’s the engineer. Did he dictate the agreement to you?”
A.: “No.”
Q.: “Oh, okay.”
A.: “I did. But he changed whatever he wanted to change.” 66
Q.\ “Did he dictate the agreement to you?”
A.: “I told him what I wanted and he changed the words that he wanted. And finally what I did is I insisted that in there we put that a minimum commission be paid.”
Q.: “A minimum commission be paid?”
A.: “That’s right.”
Q.: “And that was for the sale of real estate and assets and whatever was going to be sold. Right?”
A.: “That was considered part of the stock of the corporation.”
Hackett testified with respect to the question whether, in reliance on the sellers’ representations, the broker refrained from obtaining a real estate broker’s license which it easily could have obtained before performing the services for which the broker now claims commissions. The broker’s claim that it easily could have obtained a broker’s license before the services were performed was premised on an officer of Newbury Group, Inc., being an attorney (in Turnpike Motors I, supra at 295, the court observed, “The broker’s omission was relatively minor in view of the fact that it could have easily obtained a license because one of the officers was an attorney”). Hackett testified that, in September, 1983, Attorney John
_________ *140Zizza, Hackett’s friend, was attorney for Newbury Group, Inc. Asked whether Mr. Zizza ever became an officer of Newbury Group, Inc., Hackett said, “Yes, he did.” Asked when that occurred, Hackett answered, “I think it was in the spring of ’84. I’m not, I’m not 100 percent sure, but I think it was around the spring of 1984. Winter or spring. I’m not sure.” Hackett also testified as follows:
Q.: “Could you have had Mr. Zizza file an application for a real estate broker’s license back in September, 1983 if you thought you had to do it?”
A.: “Sure.”
The evidence disclosed that the services for which commissions are sought in this case were completed in 1983.
In allowing the sellers’ motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the judge reasoned that the evidence at trial did not warrant a finding either that the broker easily could have obtained a real estate broker’s license before brokering the dealership sales or that, even if such a license were obtained, its brokerage activities would have been lawful. The judge also reasoned that the evidence did not warrant a finding that the sellers restructured the deals from sales of corporate stock to sales of real estate and personalty for the purpose of defeating the broker’s commissions. I agree with the judge’s reasoning. I also am satisfied, as I discuss below, that there are other inadequacies in the evidence that are fatal to the broker’s counterclaim. Of course, on review, the judge’s reasoning, no matter how informative it may be, is not critical. “If any valid basis exists for allowing a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, [the court must] affirm the allowance, even if the judge based his decision on an erroneous principle.” Service Publications, Inc. v. Goverman, 396 Mass. 567, 572 (1986).
Hackett was Newbury Group, Inc.’s, only employee and the only representative of Newbury Group, Inc., to deal with the sellers. Would the evidence have warranted the jury in finding that Hackett reasonably relied on representations by Looney that the sales would be in the form of corporate stock and therefore the lack of a real estate broker’s license would *141not be a problem? The broker argues, “There is no factual basis in the record to indicate that Hackett should not have relied upon the combination of: 1) Looney’s representations; 2) his own reasonable assumption that Looney’s representa-' tions were based on the advice of his counsel, Widett; and 3) the terms of the finder’s fee agreements which reflected the representation [s].” Of course, the sellers shouldered no burden to produce evidence that Hackett should not have relied on Looney’s representations and other things. The burden was on the broker to show that Hackett did rely, and relied reasonably, thereon. In any event, the only evidence of Looney’s representations that could possibly be viewed as supporting the broker’s position was Hackett’s testimony that, prior to September 22, 1983, Looney told Hackett that, “[i]f [they] structured the sale as a sale of stock, [they] could — that would allow [Hackett] to sell the business not as a real estate agent, but it could still be legal.” In my view, no fact finder would have been warranted as a matter of law in finding that observation by Looney to be a commitment to structure the sale as a sale of corporate stock. Also, in my view, no fact finder would have been warranted in finding that Hackett relied reasonably on the stated opinion of an automobile dealer, not shown to have received legal training, concerning the proper construction and application of statutes dealing with real estate transactions, brokers, and commissions. My view finds support in the broker’s second argument, that is, that Hackett reasonably assumed that Looney’s representations were based, not on his own training or experience, but on the advice of Mr. Widett.
Would the jury have been warranted in finding that Hackett reasonably assumed Looney’s representations were based on the advice of Mr. Widett? The answer is clearly “No.” As the broker argues elsewhere in its brief, “There is no evidence in the record when Looney’s counsel learned of New-bury’s lack of license. There is no evidence in the record that Looney’s counsel advised Looney that such a defect barred recovery.” In short, there is no evidence that, if Looney did suggest that the deals could be structured as sales of corpo*142rate stock, and that therefore Hackett would not need a real estate broker’s license, those matters previously had been discussed by Looney and Mr. Widett. A finding that Hackett reasonably assumed that such a discussion had occurred clearly would have been unwarranted. Moreover, the record is silent with respect to any evidence reasonably entitling Hackett to assume that Looney’s representations reflected advice from Mr. Widett concerning proper protection of the broker. Mr. Widett, after all, was the sellers’, not the broker’s, attorney, and there is no evidence to suggest that Looney ever consulted with Mr. Widett on Hackett’s (or the broker’s) behalf or ever told Hackett he would do so.
Contrary to the broker’s third argument, the terms of the finder’s fee agreements, dated September 22, 1983, neither reflect, nor support, the contention that Hackett reasonably relied on a representation that the deals would take the form of sales of corporate stock. The broker points to the following language in those agreements: “It is understood that the assets of the corporation will include all real estate at 201 Cambridge Street [in one agreement, and 1280 Cambridge Street in the other], the entire parts inventory, equipment, and office furnishings.” The broker argues that that language “contributed by Widett, confirmed in writing that the transactions would not require separate sales of real estate, because the real estate was represented to be an asset that would be included as an asset of the corporations whose stock Looney said would be sold.” There was no evidence that that language “was contributed by Widett” and not by Hackett. Furthermore, the terms of one of the finder’s fee agreements, that “the sales price of said corporation [s],” and the terms of both of the finder’s fee agreements, that the “assets of the corporation [s] will include all real estate,” as a matter of law could not have been found to confirm an understanding that the sales would be sales of stock. The agreements focused on computation of the finder’s fee. They only made clear that the computation would take into account the fact that the transactions involved real estate as well as other property. The jury would not have been warranted in finding that the *143agreements referred to the form of the contemplated transactions rather than their substance only.
The court’s reliance on the agreements between the sellers and buyers as constituting evidence that the broker reasonably relied on the sellers’ representations concerning the lack of necessity for the broker to be licensed, ante at 126, is misplaced. Expressions of understanding as to who, between the sellers and the buyers, would be responsible for real estate commissions, cannot be viewed as commitments to the broker. Furthermore, the agreements between the sellers and the buyers were obviously executed after the broker’s services had been performed. Therefore, the broker could not have been induced by those agreements to produce the buyers or to do so without first obtaining proper licenses.
It is clear that the evidence did not warrant a finding that the broker relied reasonably on representations by Looney concerning either the form the sales would take or the legal effect thereof with respect to the broker’s entitlement to commissions. On that basis alone, the judge properly ordered judgment for the sellers.
That brings me to the broker’s claim that the broker “easily could have [and, inferentially would have] obtained, as it now has, a real estate broker’s license if it had known one would be needed.” Turnpike Motors I, supra at 296. The court opined that, on the basis of the summary judgment materials, the broker “could have easily obtained a license because one of the officers was an attorney. See G. L. c. 112, § 87SS (1986 ed.).” Id. at 295. The question before the judge, however, and now before the court on appeal, is whether there was evidence at trial that, when the broker performed the services for which it seeks commissions, it could and would have been licensed as a real estate broker if it had not been misled into thinking the sales were to be sales only of corporate stock. As the judge recognized, there was no such evidence. There was no evidence that prior to, or even during, the performance of its brokering services, one of Newbury Group, Inc.’s, officers was an attorney. Specifically, there was no evidence that Mr. Zizza was an officer of the *144corporation at the relevant time. To the contrary, the only evidence on that matter was that Mr. Zizza became an officer in the winter or spring, 1984, after the “finder” services had been fully performed. Furthermore, as the judge also recognized, there was no evidence that, if Hackett had not been told that the sales would involve only corporate stock, Hackett would have made Mr. Zizza an officer immediately so that Mr. Zizza could become a licensed real estate broker and then obtain a license for the corporation pursuant to G. L. c. 112, § 87UU (1990 ed.). The judge correctly points out in his memorandum that, even if Mr. Zizza had obtained these licenses, the broker could not have brokered transactions involving real estate. This is because Hackett, the corporation’s sole employee and the only person with whom Looney dealt, was not himself licensed as a “salesman” as required by c. 112, §87RR (1990 ed.), and could not easily have become licensed. Chapter 112, § 87SS, provides among other things that every individual applicant for a license as a salesman must not only pass a written examination but also “as a prerequisite to taking such examination, submit proof . . . that he has completed [approved] courses in real estate subjects.” In addition, c. 112, § 87VV (1990 ed.), provides, “No salesman who is not licensed shall be affiliated with a broker.” The judge was correct, then, in concluding that the evidence as a matter of law did not warrant a finding that the broker forwent obtaining a real estate broker’s license in reasonable and detrimental reliance on representations by the sellers. The judgment for the plaintiffs (defendants in counterclaim) that the broker is not entitled to real estate commissions notwithstanding the verdict should be affirmed.2
*1452. The conditional allowance of the motion for a new trial. Had my view expressed above prevailed, there would be no need to discuss the judge’s conditional allowance of the sellers’ motion for a new trial. Since my view has not prevailed, however, I turn to the court’s reversal of the judge’s conditional grant of a new trial. The judge granted a new trial pursuant to Mass. R. Civ. P. 50 (c). The court con-eludes that this was error. The court’s conclusion appears to be based on three reasons: (1) “Rule 50 (c) does permit the conditional ruling on a motion for a new trial, as the judge made here, but the same rule requires the judge to ‘specify the grounds for granting or denying the motion for the new trial.’ . . . The judge in this case, however, failed to specify any grounds for his conditional ruling beyond his brief statement that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence”; (2) the judge “raised serious questions about his motivation,” by stating his “intention that this court reexamine Turnpike Motors 7”; and (3) “we find nothing in the record or in the sellers’ arguments on appeal to convince us that the jury failed to exercise an honest and reasonable judgment in accordance with controlling principles of law.” Ante at 127-130.
The judge did all that a judge can reasonably be required to do with regard to specifying his reasons for conditionally granting the sellers a new trial. After devoting several pages in a nineteen-page memorandum to the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to warrant findings in the broker’s favor on the reasonable reliance aspect of the estoppel issue, the judge stated that, even if the evidence was sufficient on that sub-issue to withstand the sellers’ motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. See Hartmann v. Boston Herald-Traveler Corp., 323 Mass. 56, 59 (1948) (“One of the most common and well recognized grounds in law for the setting aside of a verdict is that it is against the weight of the evidence” [emphasis added]). The court gives no clue as to what more rule 50 (c) requires for a statement of the grounds on which a new trial is conditionally granted than a *146statement, as here, that, with respect to specified issues, the verdict is against the weight of the evidence. The court does not cite a single case, State or Federal, that supports the court’s holding here that the judge’s specification of grounds was inadequate. Rule 50 (c)’s requirement that grounds be specified was clearly met in this case.
The judge’s statement, made at a hearing on the sellers’ motion to dissolve postverdict security and to dismiss reach and apply claims, that “[p]art of [his] decision is a suggestion to [the Justices of this court] that they re-examine more closely what they did” in Turnpike Motors I does not suggest that his conditional grant of a new trial was motivated by a desire for such a reexamination. Indeed, it is difficult to comprehend how a new trial following this court’s review of the judge’s rulings as to the sufficiency of the evidence would be likely to produce such a reexamination.
The court says that the Justices are not convinced that the jury failed to exercise reasonable judgment. That statement betrays a serious misapprehension of the issue. The question is not whether the Justices are convinced that the jury acted reasonably. The question is whether the trial judge could have arrived at the opposite conclusion conscientiously, intelligently, and honestly. Hartmann v. Boston Herald-Traveler Corp., supra at 60. The judge’s discretion is to be disturbed only if it has been abused, id., and “[a]buse of discretion in granting or refusing a new trial can so seldom be found that actual instances in which this court has set aside the action of the trial judge on that ground are almost nonexistent.” Id. at 61. See Robertson v. Gaston Snow & Ely Bartlett, 404 Mass. 515, 520-521, cert, denied, 493 U.S. 894 (1989). Indeed, neither the court nor the broker points to a single case in which this court has held that a judge had abused his or her discretion in granting a new trial based on the judge’s decision that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence. Yet, here the court reverses the judge’s conditional allowance of the sellers’ motion for a new trial without acknowledging the superior position of the judge, compared to the position of this court, to assess the credibility of wit*147nesses, and without discussing the evidence that may have prompted the judge conscientiously, intelligently, and honestly to conclude that the jury had not exercised honest and reasonable judgment in accordance with the law.
Looney testified that he never told Hackett that the transactions would involve transfers of stock rather than assets, that he never told Hackett that a real estate broker’s license would not be necessary, and that Hackett never told him that Hackett was unlicensed. Furthermore, Hackett first testified that Looney had told him that, since Hackett was not a broker, the deal would have to be structured as a sale of assets, not stock. Only after a recess did Hackett change his testimony to say that Looney had told him the deal would involve a transfer of stock, not assets. Subsequently, on cross-examination, Hackett testified that he thought a sale of assets meant the same thing as a sale of stock. The court cannot fairly say, based on the record, that the judge abused his discretion in conditionally granting the sellers a new trial on the ground that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence.
I would affirm the judgment. Failing that, I would let stand the judge’s grant of a new trial.
Surely, if there is evidence in the record that the broker was induced by the sellers’ representations to produce buyers for the sellers’ businesses, as the court claims there is, the court should be able to quote the relevant testimony or at least identify the places in the trial transcript where it may be found.
The court orders the entry of judgment for the broker in accordance with the verdict. Thus, Newbury Group, Inc., realizes several hundreds of thousands of dollars in return for illegally brokering transactions involving real estate and for illegally affiliating with an unlicensed real estate salesman, and Hackett is similarly compensated for illegally acting as an unlicensed real estate salesman. The court orders all of this in the name of equity (which apparently is no respecter of the law). Strange - the law!