On July 21, 1982, appellant, Robert Ira Roberts, was convicted of second degree murder and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment and fined $15,000. The Court of Appeals certified this case to us under Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 29 (4) (a). The primary question involved in this appeal is whether a party can impeach his own witness by the use of a prior inconsistent hearsay statement under Rule 607, Uniform Rules of Evidence, Ark. Stat. Ann. § 28-1001 (Repl. 1979). We reverse and remand, holding that it is permissible if the probative value on the issue of impeachment outweighs the prejudicial effect arising from the danger that the jury will give substantive effect to the prior inconsistent statement.
The evidence reflects that on December 23, 1981, appellant shot and killed his wife in the kitchen of their home. Richard Roberts, the 13-year-old adopted son of the appellant and the deceased, was the only witness present at the time of the murder. That same day Richard gave a statement to the sheriff’s office in which he stated that his father and mother were having an argument concerning bills; that his father left the house and returned with a .22 caliber pistol which he pointed at the deceased and threatened to kill her; that the deceased begged appellant not to shoot her, but he grabbed her by the throat and shot her and then dropped her from his grasp to the floor; and that appellant told him to call an ambulance.
When the State called Richard as a witness at trial, however, his testimony was not as damaging to appellant as the statement which he had given on the 23rd. He testified at trial that appellant and his mother were arguing on the day of the accident about financial obligations; that appellant went out the front door but shortly came back in, and the argument continued; that while he was in the laundry room, he heard a gun go off but did not see a gun until after the murder; and that when appellant saw him he told him to call an ambulance.
Prior to trial appellant filed a motion in limine seeking to prohibit references to the December 23 statement. At the pretrial hearing it was disclosed that Richard had made two statements subsequent to the December 23 statement in which he stated that parts of the December 23 statement were untrue. The two subsequent statements about the incident were consistent with his eventual testimony at trial. The trial court ruled that the statement of December 23 would be admissible for the purpose of impeaching Richard’s testimony.
We first note that although Richard fully admitted making the prior inconsistent statements, the trial court subsequently allowed the prosecution to introduce the complete text of the statement through a deputy sheriff. To do so was error. Once a witness has fully and unequivocally admitted making the prior inconsistent statement, then it cannot be proven again through another witness. McCormick, Evidence, § 37 at 72-73 (2ded. 1972). We also note that in this particular case, the prior inconsistent statements could not be a part of the proof in the case because they are expressly excluded as substantive evidence under Rule 801 (d) (1) (i), Uniform Rules of Evidence, Ark. Stat. Ann. § 28-1001 (Repl. 1979) which maintains as hearsay unsworn out-of-court statements in criminal cases.
We still must decide whether the trial court erred in allowing the State to impeach Richard, its own witness, with his December 23 hearsay statement by asking him if he had in fact made the prior inconsistent statements. Under the circumstances of this case we believe the trial court erred by allowing the impeachment because the probative value of such testimony was far outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Therefore, this evidence should have been excluded under Rule 403, Ark. Stat. Ann. § 28-1001 (Repl. 1979).
The State argues that asking Richard about his prior inconsistent statements was for impeachment purposes, but it really was a mere subterfuge. The only conceivable reason that the State could have for impeaching its own witness was to bring before the jury hearsay information not admissible as substantive evidence, hoping that the jury would accord it substantive value although it was clearly inadmissible as such under Rule 801 (d) (1) (i). In this instance the danger of convicting the defendant on unsworn testimony is too great; the limiting instruction to the jury directing them to consider the prior inconsistent statement for impeachment only was not a sufficient safeguard.
Reversed and remanded.
Hickman and Hays, JJ., dissent.