Barnhart v. Gold Run, Inc.

Thompson, A.C. J.

Walter and Pauline Barnhart brought this action against their predecessor in interest and adjoining property owners to establish their right to use a strip of land platted, but never developed, as a private road. The Superior Court held Gale and Barbara Karspeck and Lillian Van Der Wei held title to the land in question by adverse possession. The court further held the Barnharts had a prescriptive easement over an existing road for purposes of ingress and egress to their property. The Barnharts appeal. Gold Run, Inc., the predecessor in interest, cross-appeals the court's denial of its request for attorney fees pursuant to the real estate contract. We affirm.

*419In 1935, John and Jana Anderson platted certain property in the Cliffdell area on the Naches River as Anderson's Summer Home Tracts. The plat shows a 30-foot right of way for a private road, adjacent to the northern perimeter of the tracts, dedicated for the use of the owners. The tracts include lots 29 and 30, now owned by the Karspecks, and lot 31, now owned by the Barnharts.

In 1949, Marie Harris owned lots 29 and 30. She later acquired lot 31. Mrs. Harris lived on lot 30 in a house which encroached on a portion of the platted road right of way. Other improvements were also within the right of way. The house and the other improvements have been in continuous use since 1949.

George Jefferson pin-chased lots to the west of Mrs. Harris' in 1949. He developed the roadway, as shown on the plat, from the west boundary of lot 29 to State Highway 410. About 1955, Mrs. Harris constructed a jeep road to the north of her house. This road connects with the road built by Mr. Jefferson, and has been used to access lot 31 since that time. It does not follow the platted road right of way.1

Mr. Jefferson subsequently transferred his property to his corporation, Gold Run, Inc. In 1973, Mrs. Harris sold lots 29, 30, and 31 to Gold Run, subject to all easements "shown in the chain of title, or in existence". In October 1983, Gold Run sold lot 31 to the Barnharts. Both the real estate contract and the deed, which the Barnharts received when they paid off the contract in late 1984, provided for an "easement for roadway for ingress to and egress .. . over and across the platted roadway, appearing in the plat of Anderson's Summer Home Tracts . . .".

In 1984, Gold Run sold lot 29 to Mr. Karcz; in 1985 it sold lot 30 to Mr. Karcz. Both transactions were made subject to *420"rights of way or easements shown on the plat or visible by inspection". Mr. Karcz forfeited on lot 29 in 1986, and Gold Run sold it to the Karspecks in 1988. Mr. Karcz quitclaimed lot 30 to Lillian Van Der Wei in 1988, who sold to the Karspecks that same year. The Karspecks' real estate contract with Ms. Van Der Wei also states it is subject to "rights of way easements shown on the plat or visible by inspection". The chain of title for lots 29 to 31 appears as follows:

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In 1984, the Barnharts had lot 31 surveyed. The surveyor located the center line of the platted road right of way, and pointed it out to the Barnharts. In 1987, the Barnharts demanded use of the right of way from Mr. Karcz. In 1989, they brought in gravel without the Karspecks' permission, and widened the 15-foot existing road approximately 2 to 4 feet. The Barnharts commenced this action in March 1990 to determine their interest in the platted road right of way.

Based on these facts, the trial court concluded the Barn-harts had a prescriptive easement for the 15-foot-wide road presently used as the access to lot 31. The court also concluded (1) the improvements built by Mrs. Harris were inconsistent with use of the 30-foot strip as a roadway; (2) her use of the strip was open, notorious, exclusive, and under a good faith claim of right; (3) such use continued for more than the time period required; and, therefore, (4) her successors in interest, the Karspecks, had title to the platted road right of way by adverse possession.

The Appeal

The Barnharts contend the trial court erred when it held they had no interest in the original platted road right of way. We affirm. The undisputed evidence supports a finding the *421location of the platted road right of way shifted to the existing road, due to a long period of use which predated the parties' ownership. Curtis v. Zuck, 65 Wn. App. 377, 829 P.2d 187 (1992).

The Barnharts rely upon Burkhard v. Bowen, 32 Wn.2d 613, 623, 203 P.2d 361 (1949) and Van Buren v. Trumbull, 92 Wash. 691, 694, 159 P. 891 (1916). There, the courts rejected the plaintiffs' claim of adverse possession over platted accesses which were never opened and affirmed the continuing validity of the defendants' easements. "[S]inee the dedicator of a plat could not defeat a grantee's right to an easement in the street upon which his land abuts, common grantees from him cannot, as among themselves, question the right of ingress and egress over the street as shown on the plat." (Italics omitted.) Burkhard, at 623 (quoting Howell v. King Cy., 16 Wn.2d 557, 559, 134 P.2d 80, 150 A.L.R. 640 (1943)). Van Burén reasoned at page 694: "[I]f the common grantor could not deny the full effect of his deed and the right of ingress and egress, his grantee could not do so."

Burkhard and Van Burén are distinguishable from the facts here. The situation before this court is similar to that found in Curtis. In Curtis, the subdivision plat showed the intended location for a street, but the street was never opened in that location. A gravel road was ultimately constructed within and somewhat north of the platted location. The plaintiffs bought property on the north side of the platted street; the defendants bought property to the south. At the time of their purchase, the defendants were told the gravel road marked the northern boundary of their property. They therefore built their residence about 10 feet over the platted street. The gravel road encroached upon the southern portion of the lots owned by the plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs in Curtis filed suit to eject the defendants from the platted street and to quiet title to that portion of their property affected by the encroachment of the gravel road. The trial court refused. Instead, it divested the plaintiffs of their easement over the platted street occupied by the *422defendants and granted the defendants a prescriptive easement over the gravel road encroaching on the plaintiffs' property. Curtis, at 380.

The plaintiffs appealed, arguing that Burkhard and Van Burén were controlling and ensured their right to use the street shown in the plat. Curtis affirmed the trial court. The court pointed out that the plaintiffs in Burkhard and Van Burén attempted to extinguish the private easements of adjoining landowners by affirmatively excluding them from their right to use the platted alley or street. In Curtis, there was no such attempt. Rather, "[t]he [plaintiffs]... attempted] to enforce a private easement as platted, and in response, the [defendants] essentially assert[ed] that the private easement they share[d] with the [plaintiffs] ha[d] simply shifted due to a period of long use which predatefd] both parties' ownership." (Italics ours.) Curtis, at 382.

Similarly, the existing road here has long been used as a substitute for the platted road right of way. The Barnharts' predecessor in interest, Mrs. Harris, clearly evidenced an intent to abandon the right to use a roadway in the platted location. She used a house and other permanent structures in that area and constructed an alternate road for access to lot 31.2 See 1 Washington State Bar Ass'n, Real Property *423Deskbook § 15.46, at 15-25 (2d ed. 1986) (citing Schumacher v. Brand, 72 Wash. 543, 546-47, 130 P. 1145 (1913)). Mrs. Harris' activity also constituted a claim by adverse possession to the portion of the platted road right of way on which the improvements encroached. Since her claim continued for the statutory period, it ripened to title. As in Curtis, these facts are sufficient to support a finding the location of the easement shifted to the existing road.

The dissent does not take into account the foregoing history. It reads the Barnharts' sales contract and deed in a vacuum and concludes Gold Run conveyed an easement in the right of way as originally platted. We hold Gold Run conveyed an easement in the platted right of way as it existed in 1983.

The Cross Appeal

Gold Run contends the trial court erred in denying its request for attorney fees based on the fees provision in its real estate' contract with the Barnharts. The real estate contract provides: "In the event of any lawsuit between the parties to this contract to settle issues arising hereunder, the prevailing party shall recover judgment against the other party for a reasonable attorney's fee." (Italics ours.) The Barnharts' amended complaint cites the language pertaining to the easement as found in the real estate contract and alleges, "Gold Rim, Inc., has the responsibility to provide the Plaintiffs with the roadway easement as bargained for in the sale of the property . . .".

Generally, "[a] deed made in full execution of a contract of sale of land merges the provisions of the underlying contract. . .". Kunkel v. Meridian Oil, Inc., 54 Wn. App. 675, 678, 775 P.2d 470 (1989) (citing Black v. Evergreen Land Developers, Inc., 75 Wn.2d 241, 248, 450 P.2d 470 (1969)), rev'd on other grounds, 114 Wn.2d 896, 792 P.2d 1254 (1990). An exception to the general rule exists for "stipulations in the contract which are not contained in, not performed by, and not inconsistent with the deed and which are held to be collateral to or independent of the obligation to convey.'" *424Kunkel, at 679 (quoting Snyder v. Roberts, 45 Wn.2d 865, 872, 278 P.2d 348, 52 A.L.R.2d 631 (1955)).

Here, Gold Run seeks attorney fees in connection with the Barnharts' action to enforce the alleged agreement to convey an easement in the platted roadway. The basis of the Barn-harts' action is central, not collateral, to the agreement to convey. Thus, Gold Run's contractual right to fees for such an action ended when the deed was issued in 1984. In Espinoza v. Safeco Title Ins. Co., 598 P.2d 346, 348 (Utah 1979), the court so held when the plaintiffs relied upon an earnest money provision for fees in a suit they filed against the vendors for failure to convey clear title.

The deed merged the provisions of the real estate contract, including the provision for fees. There now being no contractual basis to award fees, the Superior Court did not err in denying Gold Rim's request therefor. Nor is there any basis for awarding Gold Run fees on appeal.

Affirmed.

Munson, J., concurs.

The road which Mrs. Harris built is north of both platted lot 30 and the platted right of way. The subsequent transfers of lot 30 (Harris to Gold Run in 1973 and Gold Run to Karcz in 1985) included transfers of the triangular segment over which the house encroached and which the jeep road traversed. The record does not disclose when or from whom Mrs. Harris acquired title to the portion of the triangle north of the platted right of way.

The Barnharts are not aided by ROW 64.04.175, which reads: "Easements established by a dedication are property rights that cannot be extinguished or altered without the approval of the easement owner or owners . . .". At the time in question, Mrs. Harris, as the owner of lot 31, was also the owner of the right to use the platted roadway.

Nor are they aided by the rule that "[m]ere nonuse, for no matter how long a period, [does] not extinguish the easement". Thompson v. Smith, 59 Wn.2d 397, 407, 367 P.2d 798 (1962). See also Edmonds v. Williams, 54 Wn. App. 632, 774 P.2d 1241 (1989). In Thompson, the plaintiffs sought to enjoin the defendant's construction and maintenance of a concrete slab over a portion of property reserved for road purposes. The court held at pages 407-08 that the servient owner had the right to use the property for any purpose that did not interfere with enjoyment of the easement. Since the slab could be removed without substantial cost if and when the road was opened, the court at page 409 concluded there was no present reason to enjoin the defendant. Here, the residence is a more permanent structure than the concrete slab in Thompson and is combined with Mrs. Harris' construction of an alternate road around her house. These facts constitute more than "mere nonuse".